[in Japanese]

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Roses lack blue varieties because they do not naturally biosynthesize delphinidin, a blue pigment. Expression of a pansy gene that is necessary to biosynthesize delphinidin resulted in transgenic roses wearing novel blue hue. The delphinidin contents ranged 95-100%. The approval for commercialization on the basis of the Cartagena law was granted for a selected transgenic rose in Japan. The rose was marketed in November 2009. The brand name is “Suntory blue rose APPLAUSE” and the language is “dream comes true”. It has nice fragrance and its major constituent is geraniol. The fragrance was similar to that of existing mauve roses.

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The relationships between human beings and roses originated in the use of flower scent at the age of ancient Persia. Roman people used many rose flowers and they also imported them from Asia Minor and Egypt. The roses used as perfume have mainly developed as ornamental plants owing to their showy brilliant flowers. Recently, in rose breedings, the flower scent is recognized as a very important factor and new breedings of fragrant roses are getting popular in all over the world.

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Modern roses were born by having been crossed occidental roses and Oriental roses by means of the flash and knowledge of the people. The unverifiable passion of the human being wishing to create what are more beautiful comes to be seen also at any period. And then, also nowadays, there will not be any objection in which to mystery of beautiful roses exists in the “scent” to an extent enchanting the people. Hybrid Tea (HT.) Roses were developed by crossing Tea Roses with Hybrid perpetual Roses. At the present time, approximately 70 per cent of cultivation species is considered to be HT line. Genealogy of rose note and type of Modern Rose note were discussed. Those of which research species, hybrid species, old and modern roses based on their olfactory evaluation and results of head space G.C/MSanalysis.

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Market availability of fragrant roses in the market remains at about only 20 %. The main reasons for this situation lie in the increase in the proportion of imported varieties, which are required to be “durable” through harsh circumstances of long-hour transportation as well as being “attractive” to consumers of many countries with rising trend in imports in sacrifice of “scent.” In promoting the domestic flower industry, it is necessary to grapple with development and stable supply of value-added rose varieties in fragrance that tends to easily change in the process of distribution. We are involved in a program of codifying intensity and type of scent in an effort to gain understanding of the importance of scent from the domestic flower industry. This paper introduces a part of such an effort.

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β-Damascenone exists widely in flowers, vegetables, and fruits, and has an aroma similar to that of ‘Bulgarian rose’ and ‘apple compote’ volatiles. Together with such esters as isoamyl acetate, ethyl caproate, and hexyl acetate, β-damascenone contributes to the fruity aroma of wine. In this study, we investigated the effects of processing on β-damascenone content in Koshu grapes. Exposure of the grapes to oxygen, low pH, and high temperature during the wine making processing contributed to the liberation of β-damascenone from its precursors. The distribution ratio of β-damascenone in the juice and skin of Koshu grapes is 1 : 3. Therefore, the skin contact process may be an effective way to increase β-damascenone content in the juice. Using these processing modifications, Koshu wine having seven times higher β-damascenone content than commercial Koshu wines was produced.

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