[in Japanese]

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Characteristic C11 hydrocarbones, and its alcohols and acetates such as dictyopterenes, and dictyoprolenols and dictyoprolenes, and a marine lactone have been identified as constituents of aroma reminiscent of marine from Dictyopteris and Ishige brown algae. Sesquiterpene alcohols and oxylipins such as cubenol, leaf alcohol, leaf aldehyde and long chain aldehydes from Dictyopteris and Laminaria brown algae, and Ulva green algae have been known to be aromas reminiscent of seaweeds. The oxylipins including C11aromas are biogenerated from C20-polyunsaturated fatty acids and emanated to sea water. They play roles for strategies in the defense and reproductive potential for members of the species under marine ecosystem.

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“The so-called green odor” components emitted by green leaves involve eight volatile C6-alcoholes and -aldehydes, including saturated and unsaturated structures. It is so called “compositional odor”.
Here, it is for green odor described that the roles in all ecological system and the biosynthetic pathway including enzymatic reaction and very admirable dynamic reaction behaviors by the bio-generation. And then, I would like introduced in the forest, on relationship with green odor and terpenes ; 2^nd metabolic product of plant, biological active compounds, on the plant and the noxious insect, under surprised composition of these offense and defense. And more, the physical effects for human ; the relationship with the organic function for the structure of green odor, the recovery to physical and mental fatigue, stress and then immunity.

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Trees emit characteristic volatile compounds. Those are composed of isoprenes, volatile terpenes, C6 compounds and so on. Tree essential oils contain 50 to 100 components and there are big differences among those components.
In this review, various biological activities of tree volatile compounds such as anti-microorganisms, deodorization, removal effect of VOC, repellent effect against harmful insects, improvement of comfortableness are described by showing specific examples.

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There are many kinds of the scent of flowers. People love the fragrance of flowers under the influence of the climate of each region.
In this article, the typical example of the scent of flowers, of which I have made a study in the field survey and the research work, are described : -Rose (Bulgaria rose and Hybrid tea rose), Orchid (Cattleya, Oriental and Japanese orchid), Flowers in the perfumery, Night-scented Flowers, Clove and Madonna lily, Flowers in the horticulture of Japan, and Flowers of malodor. Some of them accompany with their short story. Where to smell these scents of flowers, is touched on.

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We have been investigating the cognitive effects on odor perception. In the previous report, we have shown that, in within-subject design where two experimental conditions (positive and negative instruction conditions) were assigned to participants, there was no statistical difference in the perceived intensity between the two groups. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the cognitive effects on odor perception in between-subject design where participants experience only a single (positive or negative) condition. Odor was presented using a Kobal-Olfactometer. The participants were given either positive or negative instruction about anethole prior to odor presentation sessions. Anethole was presented into a nostril 60 times within four sessions, using the unsynchronous method with the respiration, and the duration of each stimulus was 200ms with 14800ms separating stimuli. The time interposed between sessions was 3min. In each session, participants were asked to continuously evaluate the odor intensity using a slide lever connected to a data recorder. The study found that the negatively instructed group (negative group) evaluated the odor as more intense than the positively instructed group (positive group) in regards to the values of perceived odor intensity. In addition, the negative group perceived the odor as more intense than the positive group in the latter two sessions. These results demonstrate that the intermittent, short-duration odor presentation with between-subject design yielded a significant effect of instruction on the perceived intensity.

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