Abstract
Background: To understand the changes in the measured values and the actual status after a ban on smoking and to clarify the effects of a ban on smoking and factors for promoting a smoking ban policy .
Method: A questionnaire survey using a self-reported questionnaire was carried out between November 2013 and January 2014 at facilities that adopted a smoke-free , and the ambient air PM2.5 and urinary cotinine concentrations in employees were measured before and after the ban on smoking.
Results:The results of the measurement of the ambient air PM2.5 at facilities that adopted a smoking ban policy suggested that passive smoking prevailed in smoking areas, except at facilities that banned smoking entirely on the premises. The results of measurement of the urinary cotinine concentrations in 81 employees demonstrated that the urinary cotinine concentrations were significantly lower (p =0.000) at facilities that banned smoking entirely on the premises than in those that adopted other smoking ban policy . In the former facilities, the urinary cotinine concentrations were significantly lower after than before implementation of the smoking ban policy (p ＜ 0.05). According to the results of the survey of 55 facilities with a smoking ban policy in place, effective anti-smoking actions are as follows: publicizing the smoke-free ; declaration of smoking cessation by the top executive, and education of people, including non-smokers.
Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that the most effective measure to prevent passive smoking at the workplace is a total smoking ban policy on the premises, with no allocated space for smoking.

View full abstract

Background: There is very little research on the changes in a blood sugar at the time of and five years after smoking abstention, and little research on whether or not the changes of a blood sugar abroad can be applied to those in Japan. Therefore, in order to verify the longterm changes of a blood sugar in Japanese males, the changes in blood a sugar level of the same ex-smokers and smokers over a period of 10 years were investigated
Method: Using the results of periodic heath checkups of male workers, this research extracted the changes over the years of the a blood sugar of individuals from the ex-smoker and smoker groups for 10 years, and a retrospective cohort research was conducted.
Results: He average a blood sugar value of the ex-smoker group was compared with the a blood sugar level of the baseline year and as a result, a blood sugar level continued to increase from first year to the third year after smoking abstention and, At the 5th year after smoking abstention, compared with its baseline, it had significantly decreased. Furthermore, compared with the baseline, the number of subjects who showed lower blood sugar diggers at the 10th year after quitting smoking was the same that of those who showed lower blood sugars at the 5th year. As a result of the comparison of the average blood sugar of smoker group in each year with its baseline it gradually increased from the first year, and it was highest at the 10th year compared with other years of the group.
Conclusion: It was revealed that the increase of blood sugar level after smoking abstention does not extend over a long period. On the other hand, the blood sugar of the smoker group tended to increase. It suggested that smoking increases the risk of diabetes.

View full abstract