People who did not have a good relationship with their parents in their childhood, have difficulty establishing interpersonal connections, and this events can cause psychiatric disorders in adolescence. The objective of this research is to evaluate youths in their relationship to their parents using the Internal Working Model (IWM). We examined eighty-seven healthy subjects with a mean age of 21.7 (10 men and 77 women). The subjects were assessed for their relationship with their parents using IWM, and divided into 3 groups: the secure, the avoidant, and the ambivalent groups. The subjects were also evaluated for their mood states and their psychosomatic states using the Profile of Mood States (POMS) and the Cornell Medical Index (CMI), respectively. We compared the mean scores among the items of POMS in each group of IWM using ANOVA, an analysis of variance. We compared the mean score of the psychosomatic symptoms in CMI among 3 groups in IWM using ANOVA. Using IWM, 49, 9, and 29 subjects were categorized into secure, avoidant, and ambivalent groups, respectively. The results in POMS showed that the mood states were stable in the secure groups, the negative feeling was dominant in the ambivalent groups, and there was no significant difference in the avoidant groups. The mean score of the mental states in CMI in the ambivalent group was significantly higher than the score in the secure group. The mean score of the physical states in CMI in the avoidant group was significantly higher than the score in the secure group. Our results showed that the relationships between the children and their parents in adolescence regulate whether children are mentally and physically healthy, or not. Early findings on the parents' attachment to their child in childhood will help to restore the parent-child relationship and prevent the child from psychosomatic disorders in adolescence.

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 This study aimed to clarify the prevalence of excessive weight gain and the associated life style factors or mental factors of young office workers in a work site for the prevention of chronic diseases in the future.
 The study subjects consisted of 574 men and 427 women who were younger than 35 years old and did not have any present illness during their annual physical examination in Tokyo, Japan, 2011.
 The prevalence of chronic diseases, so called lifestyle-related diseases such as diabetes mellitus, hypertension and so on, were very low in the subjects. However the prevalence of excessive weight gain was already high in the subjects, especially in men. Further analysis was considered in men.
 The multiple logistic regression showed that five factors such as eating meals quickly, frequently eating until full, infrequent exercise, short duration (less than 1 hour) between eating dinner and going to sleep, and intensive sensations of physical weakness affected excessive weight gain.
 In cross tabulation, there were relationships between the short duration from dinner to going to sleep and many mental factors. There were also relationships between intensive sensations of physical weakness and many eating behaviors, as well as several mental factors.
 These results showed that excessive weight gain was caused by problems of eating behaviors, exercise and mental conditions in young male office workers, and occasionally those factors affected each other. In conclusion, physical examination and health services for the prevention of chronic diseases in the future of young office workers should be considered as a primary prevention of excessive weight gain and needs the comprehensive understanding of both physical and mental factors.

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 In these years, CT colonography had shown a rapid spreading in Japan, because of the progress of CT devises and workstations, the improvement of bowel preparation, and an approval of the automatic Co₂ gas infusion-pomp. The conventional bowel preparation protocol is utilized for CT colonography. Other bowel preparation method, which is called as fecal tagging, can distinguish the lesion from the labeled fecal mass using the positive contrast agent with diet. Another advantage of fecal tagging is to extract high density bowel content in the images, using the image segmentation method of digital technology, which is called an electronic colon cleansing.
 There are many varieties of the image renderings, the MPR as two dimensional image, air image looks like a barium enema image, virtual endoscopy and dissecting image of the bowel lumen as three dimensional images. The combined images of virtual endoscopy and MPR are also available. Recently the study of CAD in the detection of colorectal cancer is investigated. In our experience, the detection rate of CAD for elevated lesions is 100%, while it is still low for superficial type lesions. Major assignment of CT colonography is how to detect the superficial colorectal tumor.
 The advantages of CT colonography for colorectal cancer screening are as follows: 1) the throughput of CT colonography is better than other modalities, 2) the image data is really objective and the quality of examination is not depend on the examiners, 3) the bowel cleansing is not necessary to perform completely, 4) CAD is also available to utilize, 5) the procedure of CT colonography itself is quite safe. According to these advantages, CT colonography should be carried out in the screening for colorectal cancer. At least it will be able to decrease the number of patient without a close examination in the colorectal cancer screening.

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 Prevail and progress in magnetic resonance imaging is remarkable. Breast MRI is an indispensable tool for the evaluation of tumor extent. Breast cancer screening using MRI has already started. We need to understand the ability and limit of MRI.

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[in Japanese]

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 This paper describes the future direction of the potential application of three-dimensional echocardiography (3DE) in health check-ups, and the strengths and weaknesses of two-dimensional echocardiography (2DE). Although the usefulness of 2DE in health check-ups is widely recognized, it has several limitations when evaluating left ventricular (LV) wall motion, LV ejection fraction, cardiac chamber volumes and mass, which cannot avoid geometric assumptions. Also, the evaluation of 2DE may depend on the skill and experience of the examiner. On the other hand, 3D echocardiographic imaging represents a major innovation in cardiovascular ultrasound. Advances in computer and transducer technologies permit real-time 3DE acquisition and presentation of cardiac structures from any spatial perspective. 3DE currently complements routine 2DE in daily clinical practice by providing additional volumetric information. The usefulness of 3DE has been demonstrated in (1) precise evaluation of cardiac chamber volumes and mass, while avoiding geometric assumptions; (2) reproducible and simple assessment of regional left ventricular (LV) wall motion and quantification of systolic dyssynchrony; (3) presentation of realistic views of heart valves; and (4) volumetric evaluation of regurgitant lesions and shunts with 3DE color Doppler imaging. However, for 3DE to be implemented in routine clinical practice or health check-ups, further progress in technologies and changing the awareness of 3DE users are required.

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