Objectives. Thoroughly listening to complaints is important to properly diagnose sleep disorders. If sleep disorders can be identified using a few simple questions, more people can have earlier and approximate treatments.

 Methods. The participants were Japanese workers who answered a medical questionnaire which included questions on lifestyle and work style, and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index Japanese version (PSQI-J), in a periodic health checkup. The PSQI-J global score (PSQIG) was used to categorize participants into two groups. Lifestyles, including sleep conditions and work styles, between the groups were compared using the chi-square test. Logistic regression was used to calculate the odds ratios (ORs), adjusted for gender, age range, and work style, to measure associations between each sleep condition and the PSQIG group.

 Results. The subjects were 839 (men 714, women 125). In the "healthy sleep group (PSQIG ≤5)", the numbers with a consistent sleep routine, good sleep quality, and an average of ≥6 hours of sleep were significantly higher. Women in the "healthy sleep group" were significantly more likely to be daytime-workers (p<0.01). The subjects in the "healthy sleep group" were more likely to have a consistent sleep routine (OR 1.61, 95% confidence interval 1.10–2.35), good sleep quality (5.53, 3.49–9.00), and an average of ≥6 hours sleep (3.04, 2.07–4.52).

 Conclusions. Three simple questions addressing sleep regularity, subjective sleep quality, and sleep duration were all associated with the PSQIG in this study. Asking a few questions about sleep might be useful to grasp the workers' sleep conditions and to prevent them from developing sleep disorders.

 Objective Serum uric acid (UA) is associated with obesity, insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome components, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and renal function. Alcohol is a risk factor for hyperuricemia and gout. Whether changes in alcohol consumption are associated with changes in serum UA levels and factors affecting changes in UA levels remain unclear.

 Methods Subjects were 5,327 Japanese who underwent two annual health examinations (mean interval, 2.7 years). They were stratified according to changes in serum UA levels and alcohol consumption.

 Results The change in body mass index, waist circumference (WC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), UA, aspartate transaminase (AST), and alanine transaminase gradually increased as changes in UA increased for both men and women. In men, the proportion of subjects who consumed ≥ 25 g ethanol/day in the ≥ 0.3 mg/dL UA change group was not particularly higher than that of in non-drinker (17.4% versus 19.7%) at baseline. In women, the proportion of subjects who consumed ≥ 25 g ethanol/day in the ≥ 0.3 mg/dL UA change group was lower than that of in non-drinker (19.3% versus 17.8%) at baseline. Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that changes in WC, LDL-C, triglyceride, AST and γ-glutamyltranspeptidase were associated with changes in UA. When changes in serum UA levels stratified by changes in UA levels and alcohol consumption were investigated, changes in alcohol consumption did not affect UA level changes; however, regardless of alcohol consumption change, anthropometric measures, lipid levels, renal function, and transaminases were worse in the increased UA level group. Subjects who increased alcohol consumption and had increased UA levels showed the worst anthropometry, BP, lipid levels, UA and transaminases changes.

 Conclusion Changes in UA level correlated with changes in anthropometry, lipid levels, renal function, and transaminases. Changes in alcohol consumption did not affect changes in UA level; however, subjects who increased alcohol consumption and had increased UA levels had the worst metabolic profile changes.

 Objectives Drinking habits are closely associated with various lifestyle-related diseases. We investigated the effects of changes in alcohol consumption on lifestyle-related disease in subjects who underwent multiple health check-ups at the Tokai University Hospital Health Check-up Center.

 Design Study of causation.

 Methods The subjects were 19,382 repeated examinees who underwent multiple health check-ups at the Health Check-up Center in our hospital from 2005 to 2015. Using the questionnaire method, the drinking quantity was estimated, and the effect of the change on the parameter (body mass index (BMI), systolic blood pressure (SBP), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), triglycerides (TG), fasting blood glucose (FBG), uric acid (UA)) of the life-style related disease was analyzed, when the drinking quantity changed in first health check-ups and last health check-ups.

 Results BMI, SBP, TG, FBG, and UA all worsened in a dose-dependent manner with increases in alcohol consumption, and improved when alcohol consumption decreased. HDL-C improved with increased alcohol consumption in a dose-dependent manner, and worsened with a decrease in alcohol consumption. The increase in alcohol consumption contributed to the development of metabolic syndrome, but it was through the deterioration of the parameters of lifestyle-related diseases and was not an independent factor.

 Conclusion Increased alcohol consumption during the course of observation positively affected HDL-C but negatively affected all other lifestyle-related disease parameters.

 A giant simple hepatic cyst is an extremely rare and uncommon disease in clinical practice. Here, we report an unusual and asymptomatic female case with incidentally detected a giant simple hepatic cyst by liver dysfunction (serum γ-GTP level elevation) and non-contrast-enhanced abdominal computed tomography (CT) performed as part of a health checkup. The examinee was referred to another regional hospital for further evaluation, and was clinically diagnosed with a giant simple hepatic cyst based on abdominal ultrasonography (US), contrast-enhanced abdominal CT, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The case gradually showed symptomatic with abdominal discomfort at two months after a health checkup. Echo-guided percutaneous drainage using radiographic guidance was performed and ruled out biliary cystadenocarcinoma of the liver. After percutaneous drainage, the cystic size had decreased from 20 cm to 10 cm, as observed by abdominal US. The cytology of the cystic fluid was negative for malignant cells. In our case, successful decrease in size of the giant simple hepatic cyst was achieved. When we diagnose the giant hepatic cyst during screening by abdominal imaging examinations in health checkups, we should consult and refer to specialists to perform further detailed examinations and therapy in clinical practice.