Cotton pad holding patterns for skin care were classified into nipping, grasping and wearing. Twenty young employed females participated in the experiment. Each subject was asked to put lotion on her face using cotton according to 18 predefined processes. The measurement included subjective evaluation of the "difficulty of handling" and objective evaluation of the muscle activities. In the nipping and grasping patterns, since subjects had to dynamically adjust the frictional force by pressing the cotton against the face, the subjects rated this movement as "difficult to handle" due to the increased muscle stress. In contrast, since pressing the cotton was not required in the wearing pattern, muscle stress was reduced and the subject felt this movement was "easy to handle." The results confirmed that wearing is the best pad holding pattern for skin care.

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About Kuramata Shiro's interior design work of 42, the objective of this paper is to clarify floating and elimination nature, which the created space has, by analyzing the isolated factors of the interior shelter. The following elements were picked up and used as the isolated characteristics: 1) The isolated factor which is a reason for creating a isolated distance, 2) A spatial factor which is how to leave, and 3) Relationship between the indoor space, and a form a pattern, a material and lighting as each plane element. The linear space and the plane were generated in the first half. With the second-half work, the curve and the curved surface appeared and the multiplex planes of the interior shelter were increased. Consequently, as floating in the center of the space and the surrounding elimination nature by each element were formed, and a feeling of floating of space was created.

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A study was conducted involving 16 male students. We used a VDT screen that provides 10 color schemes in gray scale to examine the effects of the same conditions with brightness differences between characters and background on work efficiency and fatigue. As a result, brightness conditions affected VDT work efficiency after 30 minutes. In the color combinations that conform to the international standard, the amount of work completed with low brightness of the background was low. When the brightness of the background color was largest, the subject's diastolic blood pressure before and after the tasks were significantly different. Heart rates showed a similar result. The result of the CFF test suggested that fatigue was suppressed with the color scheme with the lowest brightness of the background in the positive display mode. The number of the items in which a marked difference in the fatigue level was shown varied according to color schemes. In the negative display mode, the color scheme providing the highest brightness of the background did not conform to the international standard. However, it was confirmed that the subjective fatigue levels were lower in the color scheme. The scores for esthetic were greater in color schemes providing higher brightness of the background in the positive display mode, and the scores for efficiency were greater in color schemes providing higher brightness of the background in the negative display mode.

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Effect of mist sauna bathing on sleep in winter was investigated through experiments using eight subjects. In these experiments, they took a normal bath or a mist sauna bath at 40℃ for 10 min, respectively, for ten consecutive days about one and half hours before going to bed at their home. The temperature of their bathrooms, temperature and relative humidity of their bedrooms, and oral temperature of the subjects were recorded before and after bathing for the ten days. In addition, the electroencephalogram (EEG) was measured using a mobile-type one-channel EEG system, and daily activities were measured using a pedometer. Sleepiness using KSS (Kwansei-gakuin Sleepiness Scale) was measured after each sleep. There was no significant difference both in the sleep efficiency index and in the sleep-onset latency between the two bathing conditions. However, the delta power of EEG during the first sleep cycle was significantly higher for mist sauna bathing than for normal bathing. Increase in oral temperature was significantly higher after mist sauna bathing than that for normal bathing. Additionally, the subjects felt more refreshed the next morning after the day when they took a mist sauna bathing than when taking a normal bathing.

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The objective of this paper is to find out the formation of urban climate in a town of an intermediate mountain area and to clarify the effects of water surfaces of rivers and a mountain on the air temperature distribution over the built-up area. Field surveys concerning urban climate were conducted on 18^<th> and 19^<th> August of 2009 at Hachiman-cho of Gujo City in Gifu Prefecture of Japan. Higher air temperature zone was observed at built-up areas and cool spots appeared in the neighbor of the water surfaces. Especially, the lowest air temperature was observed at mouth of the ravine from the southern mountain. Advection of cool air from the south is considered to occur along the ravine from the mountain. As there was correlation between water temperature in the morning and air temperature in the mid time, the influence of water temperature on air temperature in the built-up area is considered to become clear..

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The purpose of this paper is to propose optimum thermal comfort zone in outdoor environment based on the experimental data Subjective experiments were conducted in winter and summer. Subjects were 38 healthy young females. The total measurements for the total number of subjects were 906. It was made to clarify that the relationship between the human physiological and psychological responses and ETFe as the outdoor thermal environment evaluation index upon the human body. The following results were obtained. The summer's ETFe to obtain a neither hot nor cold, thermally neutral thermal sensation was 31.6℃. The winter's ETFe to obtain a neither hot nor cold, thermally neutral thermal sensation was 36.0℃. The thermal sensation vote considered to obtain a neither comfortable nor uncomfortable comfort value of 50 or higher was 44.7 in case of cold side's limit and is 55.1 in case of hot side's limit. With this condition as the range for the thermal comfort zone, seeking the range of comfortable ETFe found from the relationship between ETFe and thermal sensation vote, ETFe was 31.6 to 38.5℃.

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The objective of this study is to find out the physiological and psychological responses of the young and the elderly, and to clarify the differences of the responses in transient between them under step temperature change moving from a space to another. After subjects were exposed to 26 or 28℃ air temperature in roomB during 30 minutes, they were exposed to 30℃ air temperature during 30 minutes in roomA. After this they moved to the roomB and were exposed to the same environment during 40 minutes. Experiments were repeated by involving the movement between the both of rooms where are under those environmental conditions. As the result of this study, there are significant differences in the mean skin temperature between the elderly group and the young group. Thermoregulatory ability was decreased in the elderly group as compared to the young group, with lower regulation domain of instep skin temperature. Changes in thermal sensation were slight compared to physiological response for the elderly group compared with the young group. The elderly seem to exhibit decreased sensitivity to air temperature changes.

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This study attempted to clarify how the existence of micro bubble (MB), particle diameter, concentration and the circulation of hot water affect the hyperthermic effect during bathing and the subjective image after bathing. Nine healthy males bathed for 10 minutes. Four conditions of 40℃ water bathing, normal bathing, high concentration and small particle diameter MB bathing by intermittent operation, low concentration and slightly large diameter MB bathing by continuous operation, and low concentration and slightly large diameter MB bathing of intermittent operation were set up. It was found that the hyperthermic effect of MB bathing was influenced by concentration and circulation of hot water, and it became higher than normal bathing, or became equal. During high concentration MB bathing, the air layer was easy to be formed in the skin surface, it brought about moderate physiological change. Therefore, it was suggested that the textures of hot water were impressed as it was mild, and the sympathetic activity was controlled and relaxed. In low concentration and slightly large particle diameter MB bathing, although the textures of hot water were impressed as it was hard, in order that the circulation and temperature of hot water might act on the body directly, the hyperthermic effect became the highest

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The objective of this paper is to establish an index indicating comfortable seating cushion. The following materials were used in subjective experiments and compression tests: 18 kinds of cushion materials by the combination of multiple layers of Urethane foam with different stiffness. Sixteen male and female subjects participated the experiments and evaluated the cushions using 11 kinds of evaluation items by SD method. In the compression test subsidence depth was set to three phases in each 20 mm, and stress degree, elastic coefficient and hysteresis curve of each cushion were measured. The elastic characteristics were found considering the amount of modification of the cushion material. There were found to be strong correlations between the elastic characteristics and 7 kinds of the subjective evaluations. The multiple regression equation to estimate the sensation of seating for the cushion was derived from the stress degree, elastic coefficient and hysteresis.

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The purpose of this study was to clarify the consciousness and actual behavior of young people in their twenties about "mottainai" related to daily life. The results were as follows: 1) The degree of consciousness was relatively high in the items of food, resources and energy, and relatively low in the items of convenience enrichment and consumption life. 2) The number of items which people actually practiced was generally small compared with the number of items of which they were conscious. 3) The combination of consciousness and behavior was categorized into 4 groups. The number of "Low consciousness & Low behavior" was the largest, the number of "High consciousness & High behavior" and "High consciousness & Low behavior" were almost the same and the next largest, and the number of "Low consciousness & High behavior" was the smallest. The consciousness and behavior of females were higher than those of males. 4) The above 4 groups of consciousness and behavior related to the customs of daily life in respondents' families.

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