It is generally recognized that an increase of the air temperature can result in a rise in the heart rate in summer. The heart rate during sleep may be influenced by room temperature, radiant temperature, in-bed temperature during sleep, and daytime outdoor temperature. We studied influences of various environmental factors on daily changes in the average heart rate during sleep (SHR_Ave). Measurements were conducted in the bedrooms which 11 participants under study, usually use. Indoor temperature, radiant temperature, humidity, illumination, carbon dioxide concentration, and wind speed were measured as the environmental factors in addition to SHR_Ave. The results indicate that SHR_Ave of the females tends to be significantly higher than that of the males. The thermal environment was the most influential factor for SHR_Ave; the room temperature and radiant temperature showed a particularly significant positive correlation. Multi-level SEM showed that gender and operative temperature (OT) served as the most influential factors for SHR_Ave. As a result, Individual SHR_AveS and average OT for participants during the observation period had a significant correlation. A significant positive correlation between SHR_Ave and the OT for 3 of 6 males was observed, that was not replicated across all participants, presenting a challenge for future research.

The objective of this paper is to extract the design elements of Takashi Sugimoto's 55 works from 1990 to 2018, classify them, and clarify their characteristics. It became clear that many of the basic design elements and specific design elements were used in the works classified into nine groups. It was also shown that the group of design elements in which the work appears changes according to the chronological transition of each type of work. Comparing the works before 1989 and after 1990, it is characteristic that the number of design elements after 1990 has increased dramatically. In addition, by "avoiding arbitrary design," a method to respond to the increase in the size of stores was required. Therefore, many works by "editing" method have appeared, suggesting that direction has been emphasized.

It is suggested that the average nocturnal heart rate shows a stronger correlation with mortality than resting heart rate or the average heart rate over a 24-hour period. This study elucidates which environmental factors most significantly impact the day-to-day variance of the average sleep heart rate (SHR_Ave) in the bedrooms where participants typically sleep during winter. Measurements were conducted in the regular bedrooms of 11 male and female participants. The indoor temperature, radiant temperature, humidity, illumination, and carbon dioxide concentration, during sleep were measured as the environmental factors in addition to the heart rate. For male participants, indoor and radiant temperatures showed a relatively large significant negative correlation. A multilevel structural equation model determined that the model incorporating operational temperature (OT) and carbon dioxide concentration best explained SHR_Ave. A significant negative correlation was found between each subject's average OT over the entire experimental period and their average heart rate. For all male participants, the SHR_Ave showed a positive trend with the average nocturnal carbon dioxide concentration. In the case of female participants, similar to summer studies, menstrual cycles must be considered, necessitating further experimentation.