The action mechanism of sensory deodorization "modulation", which changes the odor quality of malodors by mixing aromatic odors, remains largely unexplored. We therefore mixed n-valeric acid and a citrus fragrance which is expected to deodorize n-valeric acid and conducted a sensory evaluation test and human olfactory receptor response measurement. The sensory evaluation test showed a change in the odor quality of n-valeric acid without a change in the odor intensity, strongly suggesting the occurrence of "modulation". On the other hand, in the measurement of human olfactory receptor responses performed using human olfactory receptor-expressing cell array sensors that mimic human olfactory neurons, human olfactory receptor OR51E1 responded to n-valeric acid alone but not to fragrance alone. Fragrance delayed the peak of the response, extended the response time, and increased the intensity. From these results, it was inferred that the response of OR51E1 to n-valeric acid causes "modulation" by the allosteric action of fragrance on the receptor. The possibility was shown that the action mechanism of sensory deodorization will be clarified by quantitatively analyzing human olfactory receptors.

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The purpose of this paper is to focus on interior designer Takashi Sugimoto and clarify what the characteristics of the work are. The research target was 62 commercial space works published in the magazine "SHOTEN KENCHIKU". From the perspectives of spatial composition, materials, lighting and environment generation, the elements of the presented work were extracted. Works were classified using this data. The work classification could be classified into 5 groups from A group to E group. The characteristics of group A are "grid allocation" and "symmetrical layout line", which are citations of a single design. In group B, "whole circle" appears for the first time and functionality is emphasized. In group C, "partial circles", "parallel lines" and "whole circles" are boldly used in a plan . In Group D, "composite figures" and "multiple figures" are used in a plan, and many finishing elements appear in the work. In Group E, "louver wall surface" appears in the elevation plan, and "wood floor" and "metal floor" appear in the floor finishing. From these analyze, it became clear that each group was transitioning over the years. Sugimoto’s characteristics of the third generation and the influence of the bubble economy appeared in the work.

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This study seeks to clarify the thermal environment, CO₂ concentration, and UV Index in the Kamakura snow-rooms, located in snowy area. Measurements were performed on February 12, 2019, in Takayama, Gifu Prefecture. Air temperature, relative humidity, air velocity, long- and short-wavelength radiation fluxes, as well as CO₂ concentration and UV Index were measured both outdoors and inside the Kamakura snow-rooms. During the daytime (9:30–16:00), the average air temperatures outdoors, in Kamakura-1 (one entrance/exit), and Kamakura-2 (two entrances/exits) were 2.2°C, 0.4℃, and −1.1℃, respectively. The average values for the calculated Universal Thermal Climate Index UTCI were 20.4℃ outdoors, 2.2℃ in Kamakura-1, and 1.8℃ in Kamakura-2, with the average outdoor UTCI being approximately 18℃ higher than that inside the snow-rooms. This may be due to the fact that the MRT was high because the weather that day was clear, meaning the solar radiation was strong, with a maximum value over 1,000 W/m². CO₂ concentrations in the snow-rooms increased due to the burning of charcoal and human exhalations. The maximum value of the UV Index outdoors was 4.61, which was evaluated as moderate intensity. Meanwhile, the UV intensities in the snow-rooms were weak, with a maximum UV Index of 0.05.

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To clarify the influence of the heat transfer of the air layer in the micro gap between the skin and non-air permeability clothing while wearing clothing, with the cloth inserted in different positions, the heat transfer characteristics of the air layer were investigated. Woollen cloth or interlining was inserted into the high temperature part or low temperature part of sealed and unsealed air layers of various thicknesses (≦10.0 mm). It became clear that the heat transfer in the air layer differs depending on the position where the cloth was inserted. In both sealed and unsealed air layers, the air layer with the cloth inserted on the high temperature side tends to have higher heat retention than the air layer with the cloth inserted on the low temperature side. It was clarified that the heat retention is higher when the woollen cloth, which has lower air permeability than the interlining, is inserted.

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This study aimed to clarify whether garment pressure with an inner shirt affects autonomic nerve activity and improves posture. The participants were 16 male college students. Three conditions involved were wearing a control inner shirt or two types of inner shirt designed to improve posture—upper arm model and upper arm plus chest model. In Experiment 1, electrocardiograms were measured in a resting sitting position, and the heart rate variability coefficient, which reflects autonomic nervous system activity, was calculated. In Experiment 2, the alignment of the neck and muscle activity during a typing task were measured in the home position before and after the typing task, and in the sitting and standing positions after the typing task with and without holding a smartphone. The results of this study indicated no alterations in autonomic nerve activity due to garment pressure. Moreover, compared with the upper arm plus chest model, the upper arm undershirt model demonstrated immediate effectivity in improving the alignment around the neck.

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For the purpose of preventing traffic accidents for elderly drivers at night, the authors conducted an evaluation experiment on the visibility of reflective materials worn on humans versus the visibility of the humans themselves on 20 female college students who were wearing elderly person simulation glasses. Reflective materials were used in the form of wristbands in five colors: pink, orange, yellow, green, and blue. These materials were attached to the wrist, ankle, and wrist + ankle. The experiment used 150 image samples taken at 10-meter intervals from a distance of 10 to 100 meters on a sidewalk at night. Results showed that the visibility of the reflective material for all of the colors except blue was significantly higher than the visibility of the humans themselves. Evaluating the material by where it is worn on the body, “ankle” and "wrist + ankle" were significantly higher than "wrist", and "wrist + ankle" was significantly higher than "ankle". Results suggest that the visibility effect of reflective materials can be improved not only by considering the color but also by the position in which they are worn.

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For the purpose of preventing traffic accidents at night, the authors conducted evaluation experiments on the visibility of reflective materials for 20 female college students under two conditions: without (young age group) and with (elderly­-simulated group) wearing elderly person simulation glasses. Reflective materials were used in the form of wristbands in five colors: pink, orange, yellow, green, and blue. These materials were attached to three different wearing positions: wrist, ankle, and wrist + ankle. The experiment used 150 image samples taken at 10­-meter intervals from a distance of 10 to 100 meters on a sidewalk at night. Although there were differences depending on the distance, the visibility evaluation of the young age group was significantly higher than that of the elderly­-simulated group in all three wearing positions of the five reflective material colors (p<0.05, p<0.01, p<0.001). The colors with a visibility evaluation of 3.5 (between "barely visible" and "slightly visible") at 40m of low beam irradiation were orange, yellow, and green in the young age group, and only yellow in the elderly­-simulated group. In addition, both groups had the lowest visibility ratings when the reflective material was worn on the wrist.

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