For the purpose of preventing traffic accidents for elderly drivers at night, the authors conducted an evaluation experiment on the visibility of reflective materials worn on humans versus the visibility of the humans themselves on 20 female college students who were wearing elderly person simulation glasses. Reflective materials were used in the form of wristbands in five colors: pink, orange, yellow, green, and blue. These materials were attached to the wrist, ankle, and wrist + ankle. The experiment used 150 image samples taken at 10-meter intervals from a distance of 10 to 100 meters on a sidewalk at night. Results showed that the visibility of the reflective material for all of the colors except blue was significantly higher than the visibility of the humans themselves. Evaluating the material by where it is worn on the body, “ankle” and "wrist + ankle" were significantly higher than "wrist", and "wrist + ankle" was significantly higher than "ankle". Results suggest that the visibility effect of reflective materials can be improved not only by considering the color but also by the position in which they are worn.

Indoor humidity tends to be low in winter. In indoor environment control and design, it is important to clarify the minimum humidity that can maintain human health and to suppress unnecessary humidification. This study focuses on the appearance of the skin as one of the indicators to measure human health, clarifies the relationship between the appearance and the humidity by subject experiments, and seeks to obtain basic knowledge for a new evaluation method. For 5 subjects, the skin on the back of the left hand was exposed to a step change in humidity ratio. First, the skin microscopic image was taken and the skin moisture content was measured continuously, and when the humidity decreased, the width of the skin groove became wider (the texture became rougher) and the skin moisture content decreased almost at the same time. The equilibrium was almost reached within 5 to 10 minutes after the humidity change. Next, the shape of the skin groove under each humidity condition was compared by the skin replica method. While the change in the depth of the skin groove due to the decrease in humidity was not observed clearly, the number of skin grooves decreased, and the skin anisotropy increased.

The objective of this study is to verify the distribution and the architectural characteristics of mandarin orange warehouses in Tsukumi City, Oita Prefecture, Japan. Field surveys of the mandarin orange warehouses in Aoe, Tsukumi, Chinu, and Nagame / Urashiro of Tsukumi City were carried out in 2019, 2020 and 2021. As the result of the field surveys, 719 mandarin orange warehouses were confirmed in the survey areas. It was shown that the mandarin orange warehouses built with Sanwa were mainly located in Chinu area. It was shown that the mandarin orange warehouses built with Hai-ishi were mainly located in Nagame / Urashiro area. Four types were selected as typical mandarin orange warehouses in Tsukumi City. It became clear that the location and architectural characteristics of the mandarin warehouses in each area were selected primarily based on the relationship between the location of mandarin fields and residential area, but also in relation to industrial characteristics and historical background.

For the purpose of preventing traffic accidents at night, the authors conducted evaluation experiments on the visibility of reflective materials for 20 female college students under two conditions: without (young age group) and with (elderly-simulated group) wearing elderly person simulation glasses. Reflective materials were used in the form of wristbands in five colors: pink, orange, yellow, green, and blue. These materials were attached to three different wearing positions: wrist, ankle, and wrist + ankle. The experiment used 150 image samples taken at 10-meter intervals from a distance of 10 to 100 meters on a sidewalk at night. Although there were differences depending on the distance, the visibility evaluation of the young age group was significantly higher than that of the elderly-simulated group in all three wearing positions of the five reflective material colors (p<0.05, p<0.01, p<0.001). The colors with a visibility evaluation of 3.5 (between "barely visible" and "slightly visible") at 40m of low beam irradiation were orange, yellow, and green in the young age group, and only yellow in the elderly-simulated group. In addition, both groups had the lowest visibility ratings when the reflective material was worn on the wrist.

The purpose of this study was to examine the visual and gustatory impressions of 30 females (20-39 years old) concerning pictures of hospital meals served on trays of 10 different tones of red. Regarding the gustatory impressions of trays, the subjects more strongly perceived pale and soft tones as being associated with a sweet taste, bright tones with an acid taste, dark grayish tones with a bitter taste, and deeper tones with a pungent taste. As a result, red hues were found to be associated with various gustatory impressions. On comparing the visual impressions of trays among various degrees of brightness and saturation, it was found that the impressions were associated with both brightness and saturation. The trays that met all three factors of "safety of food and mealtime atmosphere", "attractiveness of food" and "enjoyment of food" extracted by a factor analysis were pale, soft, and light red respectively, suggesting that these may be recommendable as colors for trays to serve hospitals meals. The results also suggest the feasibility of proposing tones as recommendable or not recommendable for trays to serve hospital meals by comparing impressions among different tones of other hues that have already been recommended as tray colors.