The purpose of this study was to analyze the component motions of the acromioclavicular and sternoclavicular joint capsules in the horizontal plane, using MRI in the human body without the involvement. The subjects were 13 healthy women (mean age, 20.8 years). The task was following three kinds. Task (1): 90° flexion position of the right shoulder joint with the right cubital joint flexed at 90° in a supine position; task (2): most anterior protrusion position of the right shoulder girdle from that in task (1); and task (3): horizontal and flexion positions of the right shoulder joint from that in task (2). By results, in task (2), movement of the sternoclavicular joint became more important than the acromioclavicular joint. The clavicular and sternal epiphyses induced ventral rolling and sliding motions to the sternoclavicular joint according to the concave rule. The acromioclavicular joint produced sliding to a little ventral aspect of the medial margin of the acromion. In task (3), movement of the acromioclavicular joint became more important than the sternoclavicular joint, the medial margin of the acromion induced ventromedial rolling and sliding motions according to the concave rule to the acromioclavicular joint. From this results, degree of the component motions of the acromioclavicular and sternoclavicular joint capsules in the horizontal plane was clarified in vivo.

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A variety of human errors have emerged in association with radiological technology as the field becomes increasingly sophisticated and diversified. We surveyed 553 radiological technologists in Gunma prefecture on errors they had committed during general and mobile x-ray exams, CT and MRI exams and used morphological analysis (WinCha2000) to extract words and determine the frequency of their appearance in the questionnaire results. The results of cluster analysis and dendrogram showed "exam", and "patient" for general exams, in order of frequency. Cause of error results were "confirm", and "lack of". For mobile exams, the results were "exam", and "patient", with cause of error results "confirm", and "lack of". The results of cluster analysis and dendrogram showed "taking the x-ray exam", and "exam" for CT exams, in order of frequency. Cause of error results were "confirm", and "lack of". For MRI exams, the results were "exam", and "patient", with cause of error results "confirm", and "patient". We used these extracted words to qualitatively analyze the conditions contributing to error.

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Because of the plagiarism.

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Questionnaires were distributed to 553 members of the Gunma Association of Radiological Technologists to survey their experience with errors related to CT and MRI exams. 115 responses were received. Analysis showed that there is no significant relationship between a technologist's degree of busyness and type of error for either CT or MRI exams. The most frequent errors were to mistakenly x-ray the patient (CT exams) and to examine a patient who had a ferromagnetic device (MRI exams). SPN evaluations indicated that the most effective and easily implemented preventive measures are verbal self-confirmation by the patient of their name and other information (CT exams), and use of ferromagnetic device detectors (MRI exams).

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The digitized diagnostic image has many merits, high-efficiency reading, facility searching, and reduction of storage costs. The digitized diagnostic image is utilized at many hospitals. This is because it has those technical merits and gets preferential remuneration for medical services. The digitized diagnostic image may even more preferred over film image if it can be confirmed that provision of the digitized diagnostic image to clinics is possible on recordable compact disk. The objective of this study was to assess the effect of cooperation on the digitized diagnostic image on recordable compact disk between hospital and clinics. Seventy-eight clinics which referred patients to department of radiology Ebara hospital for CT scan or MR imaging between June 15th 2009 and July 15th 2009 were included in the questionnaire. Sixty-six out of seventy-eight responded to the questionnaire (effective response rate: 84.6%). In 43 of the clinics (65.7%; 43/66) expected provision of diagnostic imaging on a recordable compact disk. In 23 of the clinics (34.3%; 23/66) rejected the provision, because it remains inoperative in consultation room (56.5%; 13/23) and it is awkward to use on consultation (39.1%; 9/23). If we supply the diagnostic images on recordable compact disk to the clinics, we should obtain the approval of the clinics beforehand.

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