[Purpose]The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of walking exercise using bands that induce the internal and external rotation of hip joints, using a three-dimensional motion analyzer.
 [Participants and Methods]We analyzed 10 healthy adult males(age: 21-22 years)for the study. We asked them to perform an unguided normal walk without bands(NW), a guided external rotation walk wearing bands(ER), and a guided internal rotation walk wearing bands(IR)seven times, in this order. We analyzed each walk and used the average of the maximum extension and flexion angles and moments of the left and right hip joints for statistical analysis. Results were statistically analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis test and Mann- Whitney U test. Analyses were performed using the IBM SPSS ver. 25, with p<0.05 considered significant.
 [Results]The maximum angle of hip joint extension was significantly larger in the ER group than in the NW and IR groups(p<0.05), while the maximum angle of hip joint flexion was significantly lower in the ER group than in the NW and IR groups(p<0.05).
 [Conclusion]This study indicates that ER changes the angle of the hip joint during walking. This shows the possibility that ER is effective at increasing the range of motion of the maximum hip joint extension in physical therapy. However, further study is necessary because we did not clarify the relationship between the increase in the range of motion of hip joint extension and the amount of muscle activity of the hip extension muscle group.

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 Recently, Digital Breast Tomosynthesi(s DBT)is becoming increasingly common. In this technique is the x-ray tube moves in an arc over the compressed breast and acquires images of different angles. These images are then reconstructed into a set of three-dimensional images by a computer. In this study, the Z resolution was evaluated based on the DBT quality control guidelines published by EUREF(European Reference Organization for Quality Assured Breast Screening and Diagnostic Services)and ACR(American College of Radiology). In EUREF guideline, DBT imaging of a phantom containing 1 mm diameter aluminum spheres enables an assessment of the inter-plane spread of the reconstruction artefacts associated with each sphere. From FWHM calculated using this phantom, there was no difference in Z resolution in DBT images with reconstruction intervals of 0.5 mm and 1.0 mm. On the other hand, FFDM phantom with built-in micro-calcifications, fibrous structures in ducts, and tumor-like masses are used in the ACR guidelines. From FWHM is calculated from micro-calcifications in this FFDM phantom, the Z resolution was improved for reconstruction interval of 0.5 mm.

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 The purpose of this study was to determine predictors of cerebral palsy from perinatal factors and physical therapy assessment at the time of admission in in very low birth weight infants. A total of 145 very low birth weight infants(mean birth weight 1,006 ± 303 g, gestational age 28.9 ± 3.0 weeks), born at our hospital, were enrolled in this study. The subjects were divided into two groups according to the presence or absence of a cerebral palsy diagnosis by the age of two years. We retrospectively investigated the perinatal factors and the Dubowitz neurological assessment, which is a physical therapy assessment at the time of admission. A multiple logistic regression analysis was performed using the presence or absence of cerebral palsy as the dependent variable and the perinatal factor as well as the Dubowitz neurological evaluation as independent variables. The multiple logistic regression model revealed that the grade of the intraventricular hemorrhage determined using cranial ultrasound is associated with the presence or absence of cerebral palsy by the age of two years(odds ratio 2.06, 95% confidence interval 1.07─4.00, p=0.032). It is useful to consider grading the intraventricular hemorrhage using cranial ultrasound at the time of admission to predict the presence or absence of cerebral palsy in very low birth weight infants.

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 It remains unclear which approaches more effectively improve instrumental activities of daily living(IADL)abilities. The purpose of this study was to compare collaborative, client-led, and therapist-led approaches regarding IADL ability improvement. Participants were 30 healthy young Japanese adults divided equally into three groups. Participants underwent the Assessment of Motor and Process Skills while experiencing simulated physical limitations to evaluate IADL ability. Occupational therapists intervened to improve IADL abilities(three weekly one-hour sessions). The groups' IADL motor and process ability did not differ significantly at pre-test. Following intervention, the collaborative group improved significantly more than the client-led group, but not the therapist-led group. The client- and therapist-led groups' improvement did not differ significantly. Collaborative, client-centred approaches may improve IADL ability more effectively.

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