[Introduction]Several studies reported that trunk rotation is associated with low back pain. However, few studies have compared the range of motion of the lumbar spine rotation with and without low back pain, and there are no studies that examined each segment. The purpose of this study was to clarify the comparison of the range of motion of the lumbar spine rotation with and without low back pain using MRI.[Subjects and Methods]The subjects were 20 chronic low back pain patients that has been present for longer than three months, and the control group was 15 healthy subjects. Lumbar rotation range of motion during trunk rotation was measured using MRI. Images were taken with the participant in the lateral position, with of 45°of trunk rotation with the pelvis fixed by the belt and hip/knee joint with slight flexion. The range of motion between each segment of the lumbar spine and the total sum of the range of motion of the lumbar spine were calculated and compared with and without low back pain.[Results]The L5/S1 lumbar rotational range of motion and the total sum of L1-S1 lumbar rotational range of motion were significantly greater in the low back pain subjects than in the healthy subjects.[Conclusion]Increased lumbar rotational range of motion, especially L5/S1 rotational range of motion, may be associated with low back pain.

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 Aim: This study aimed to clarify the relationship between the mother-child attachment and relationship during infancy and toddlerhood in Japan. Methods: This study was a scoping review. The literature search was conducted using an AND search for “mother-child relationship” and “attachment”, obtaining 20 years’ worth of original articles published in between 2000-2021, sourced from the Ichushi-Web, CiNii, and Medical Online. Articles that investigated the relevance between mother-child attachment and relationship were selected for children with typical development during infancy and toddlerhood. Results: The literature search was conducted in January 2022, and 17 papers were included in the analysis. The contents were categorized into (1) the relevance between mother-child attachment and relationship (reciprocal mother-child interactions, parenting behavior and abuse, and parenting feelings) and (2) the influence of mothers' own factors (experience with fostering, mothers' own characteristics, nurturing environment, etc.) on attachment. Discussion: Attachment during infancy and toddlerhood was found to be related to the mother-child relationship from multiple perspectives. The analysis result suggests that it is necessary to assess the mother's own factors comprehensively.

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Individuals with advanced cancer are increasingly surviving and need to enhance their well-being. Participation in occupations is an integral part of the concept of well-being. This research aimed to investigate the meaning of occupation and how it contributes to the well-being of individuals with advanced cancer in Indonesia.
Methods: Phenomenological design with semi-structured interviews. Twelve eligible individuals with advanced cancer consented to participate. Reflexive thematic analysis was employed for data analysis.
Results: Four themes emerged: preserving life, relieving mental burdens, sharing benefits in social settings, and feeling spiritually reinforced.
Conclusion: These meanings depicted a holistic perspective with the integration of physical existence, emotional needs, social welfare, and spiritual life. Hence, occupations fulfilling the bio-psycho-socio-spiritual meanings were identified as occupations that improve the well-being of individuals with advanced cancer in Indonesia.

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 [Background]This narrative review presents an overview of assessment tools that can measure the clinical competencies and skills of physical therapists(PTs), occupational therapists (OTs), and speech-language-hearing therapists(STs)and discusses the related issues.[Methods]The “Ichushi-web ver. 5” and “PubMed” databases were searched for studies on tools that examined the clinical competencies and skills of PTs, OTs, and STs in Japan. After two rounds of selection, articles that focused on the development and use of assessment tools and their measurement characteristics were selected for analysis. We divided the studies according to the subject of analysis and examined the development process, clinical competencies and skills being measured, and post-development use of each assessment tool.[Result]We found 2024 studies; of them, 12 were selected and analyzed, and 7 developed assessment tools were identified.[Conclusion]In Japan, there are very few studies on the development and evaluation of assessment tools. Further studies on the development of assessment tools that can examine the clinical competencies and skills of PTs, OTs, and STs are needed.

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 Positive Deviance(PD)is an inductive method to promote behavior change. Studies on physical activity promotion using the PD approach have not been comprehensively investigated. This study aimed to examine research trends and effectivness of PD research on physical activity promotion using a scoping review approach.
 Methods: Original articles published in PubMed，CINAHL，Web of Science，and medical journals were searched until June 2022 and screened according to the eligibility criteria.
 Results: Twenty-two articles were included，16 identifying PD behaviors，and 6 were intervention studies. The PD approach was used in North America to prevent obesity and inactivity and characterized by individualized interventions by mentors，environmental resource use，and social support. The evidence from intervention studies is limited.
 Conclusion: The PD approach in physical activity promotion was applied to identify PD at the individual and community levels to prevent obesity and inactivity. Further cumulative research is needed to validate the evidence and adapt the PD approach to physical activity promotion.

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