The Journal of Japan Academy of Health Sciences
Online ISSN : 2433-3018
Print ISSN : 1880-0211
ISSN-L : 1880-0211
Volume 8, Issue 4
Displaying 1-26 of 26 articles from this issue
  • Article type: Cover
    2006 Volume 8 Issue 4 Pages Cover1-
    Published: March 25, 2006
    Released on J-STAGE: October 27, 2017
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  • Article type: Appendix
    2006 Volume 8 Issue 4 Pages App1-
    Published: March 25, 2006
    Released on J-STAGE: October 27, 2017
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  • Article type: Appendix
    2006 Volume 8 Issue 4 Pages App2-
    Published: March 25, 2006
    Released on J-STAGE: October 27, 2017
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  • Article type: Index
    2006 Volume 8 Issue 4 Pages Toc1-
    Published: March 25, 2006
    Released on J-STAGE: October 27, 2017
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  • Yasuko Shijiki
    Article type: Article
    2006 Volume 8 Issue 4 Pages 195-200
    Published: March 25, 2006
    Released on J-STAGE: October 27, 2017
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  • Ayako Imaizumi, Michiko Yuki
    Article type: Article
    2006 Volume 8 Issue 4 Pages 201-209
    Published: March 25, 2006
    Released on J-STAGE: October 27, 2017
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    This study aimed to investigate how effectiveness in planning hospital discharge could be achieved by recognizing the current status of "hospital discharge plans" by nurses. A self-administered questionnaire was mailed to 362 nurses working for a general hospital in the Tohoku region. The survey contained items related to basic attributes, implementation, timing, and difficulties associated with hospital discharge planning, and cooperation with other specialties. Analysis of the survey results suggested the following points: (1) approximately half of the nurses who had been involved in enforcement of a hospital discharge plan thought that the plan had been commenced too late; (2) participation of patients and their families was regarded as important; and (3) cooperation with staff from other specialties, lack of time for providing discharge guidance, and relationships with patients' families were indicated as difficulties. We therefore found that, although it was necessary to commence discharge planning in the early stages of hospitalization, the staff in charge of a patient found it difficult to do starting the plan. Furthermore, for implementation of effective hospital discharge plans, it appears important to obtain common understanding across all hospital departments and to systemize the implementation process.
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  • Hiromi Nakamura, Yasuko Shijiki
    Article type: Article
    2006 Volume 8 Issue 4 Pages 210-219
    Published: March 25, 2006
    Released on J-STAGE: October 27, 2017
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    The purpose of this study was to improve the quality of perioperative nursing by identifying ethical issues that operating room nurses face during the course of their daily nursing practice. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews with thirteen operating room nurses. The analysis of the data showed forty-four cases that included ethical issues. As a result of grouping the forty-four cases according to similarities, thirteen situations were extracted. All thirteen situations contained four kinds of problems that relate to the ethics principle: (1) whether the nurses respected the patients' dignity (AUTONOMY,BENEFICENCE); (2) whether the nurses protected patients' privacy (FIDELITY); (3) whether the nurses provided patients with sufficient information (VERACITY) ; (4) whether the nurses gave the most appropriate care to the patients (BENEFICENCE). These four situations were classified into three ethical issues. One of the three ethical issues arose when the nurses found their value system was different from the policy of the surgical department. The other two ethical issues involve conflicts between their value systems and those of other health care professionals, and those of their patients. The nurses were in constant distress over these conflicts. The study also indicated that the nurses were anguished, as they had not been able to execute the ethical concepts of "ADVOCACY," "CARING," and "ACCOUNT-ABILITY" into their nursing practice.
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  • Madoka Takeda, Takumi Yamada, Hajime Kojima, Yayoi Ito, Mio Yoshida
    Article type: Article
    2006 Volume 8 Issue 4 Pages 220-226
    Published: March 25, 2006
    Released on J-STAGE: October 27, 2017
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    The present study was performed to examine controlled frequency breathing (CFB) under conditions of changing walk cadence. Nine healthy male subjects participated in this study. The subjects walked on a treadmill with a cadence of 80 steps/min, and the cadence was changed over 1 min every 4 min to 100, 120, and 140 steps/min. The subjects performed both normal breathing (NB) and CFB with a breathing rate of 20 times/min controlled using a metronome. Respiratory and circulatory responses were compared between CFB and NB. There were no significant differences in heart rate (HR) or minute volume of oxygen uptake (VO_2) suggesting that CFB was equivalent to NB in load. More tidal volume (VT) and fewer respiratory frequency (Rf) were observed in CFB as compared with NB. In NB, minute volume of ventilation (VE) increased by increases in VT and Rf, while VE increased only with VT in CFB. Minute volume of carbon dioxide output (VCO_2), end tidal CO_2 (ETCO_2), VE were lower in CFB as compared with NB. The lower ETCO_2 in CFB led a the gap in partial pressure of carbon dioxide between arterial and venous blood into increase. This improved lactate buffering by bicarbonic acid in active muscle, and a decrease in VCO_2. The lower VCO_2 led to a reduction in VE. In conclusion, CFB could lead to a decrease in VE. This result could be applied to physical therapy in patients with respiratory disease.
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  • Mitsuhiro Ookura, Ryouichi Yoshida, Iwao Yamamoto, Takayuki Fujiwara
    Article type: Article
    2006 Volume 8 Issue 4 Pages 227-233
    Published: March 25, 2006
    Released on J-STAGE: October 27, 2017
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    It is known that the low oxygen environment in addition to "Exercise" also influences the training effect as "Environmental burden" when the load is put on the body. At the same time, the influence that the development of low oxygen room and the low oxygen environment gave to the breath circulation function was examined. This examination is used to apply the low oxygen environment to the therapeutic exercise. The small low oxygen room of making this time for trial purposes is 1.9m in height, 1.3m in width, and the depth 1.6m, and the density of oxygen was able to have been adjusted to 20.9% to 14.5%. Also, it was the one that was able to correspond enough to the execution of the therapeutic exercise intended for the patient. Compare to the normal environment, low oxygen environment possibly gave the same degree of the stress to the breath circulatory system under the light-physical load. The possibility of the application to the therapeutic exercise to aim at the physical fitness maintenance and the improvement of the patient, who was not able to do an enough whole body movement i.e. the older person, the low lungs patient, and the nerve and muscle disease, under the normal environment was suggested.
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  • Hiroyuki Shinohara, Kazuya Sakaguchi, Takeyuki Hashimoto
    Article type: Article
    2006 Volume 8 Issue 4 Pages 234-245
    Published: March 25, 2006
    Released on J-STAGE: October 27, 2017
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    We have coded programs for one-dimensional convolution using a spreadsheet program (Excel; Microsoft Corp.). The program computes discrete convolution using values of given functions at 32 points as one period. If the input to a linear shift invariant system and the response function can be measured, the output is obtained by inputting these to the Excel worksheet. Moreover, for computer simulation study, calculations are possible for the convolution between a step function and exponential function, rectangular function and Gauss function, straight line and exponential function, low-pass filter and high-pass filter, projection of circle and reconstruction filter, and so on. Use of the program requires no detailed knowledge of Excel. Users can calculate convolutions using this program in the sense of a tool kit with a paper and a pencil. The program's reliability was verified through comparison with continuous convolution. In addition, we compared convolution by the program and that computed by the fast Fourier transform implemented in Excel. Numerical results obtained by both methods agree well: the "convolution theorem" was confirmed numerically. The program facilitates understanding of the mathematical basis and the actual arithmetic of convolution. It is useful for education and research about input/output of linear systems.
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  • Kazuya Sakaguchi, Hiroyuki Shinohara, Takeyuki Hashimoto
    Article type: Article
    2006 Volume 8 Issue 4 Pages 246-263
    Published: March 25, 2006
    Released on J-STAGE: October 27, 2017
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    We implemented analytical reconstruction methods based on two-dimensional Fourier transform, filtered back-projection, and convolution using a spreadsheet program (Excel; Microsoft Corp.). The program that we developed comprises: 1) an introduction, 2) making projection (Radon transform from an original image), 3) one-dimensional Fourier transform, 4) two-dimensional Fourier transform, 5) central slice theorem, 6) two-dimensional Fourier transform method, 7) filtered back-projection method, 8) convolution method, and 9) a supplement. This program was devised to implement the analytical-reconstruction-method algorithm and study it efficiently. To verify the program's effectiveness from an education technology perspective, a questionnaire investigation was conducted of students in the Department of Health Sciences. The program was evaluated as very effective for both understanding of the mathematical basis of the analytical reconstruction method and programming using C language. The program is useful for students and engineers who have an interest in the principles and research of computed tomography, or methods for depicting the human bodyAfs interior such as x-ray CT, MRI, SPECT, and PET.
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  • Kazuya Sakaguchi, Hiroyuki Shinohara, Takeyuki Hashimoto
    Article type: Article
    2006 Volume 8 Issue 4 Pages 264-280
    Published: March 25, 2006
    Released on J-STAGE: October 27, 2017
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    We implemented a maximum-likelihood-expectation maximization method that is an iterative reconstruction method using a spreadsheet computer program (Excel; Microsoft Corp.). The program comprises: 1) an introduction, 2) calculation of photon detection efficiency, 3) making projection, 4) iteration of computation, and 5) update of a reconstructed image. This program is devised for implementation of an ML-EM method algorithm that can be acquired efficiently. To verify the programAfs effectiveness from an education technology standpoint, a questionnaire investigation was conducted of students in the Department of Health Sciences. Results showed that the program is effective both for understanding the mathematical basis of the ML-EM method and for programming using C language. The program is useful for students or engineers who are interested in the principle and research of the computed tomography, or methods for depicting the human bodyAfs interior such as x-ray CT, MRI, SPECT, and PET.
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  • Article type: Index
    2006 Volume 8 Issue 4 Pages 281-
    Published: March 25, 2006
    Released on J-STAGE: October 27, 2017
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  • Article type: Appendix
    2006 Volume 8 Issue 4 Pages 282-283
    Published: March 25, 2006
    Released on J-STAGE: October 27, 2017
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  • Article type: Appendix
    2006 Volume 8 Issue 4 Pages 284-287
    Published: March 25, 2006
    Released on J-STAGE: October 27, 2017
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  • Article type: Appendix
    2006 Volume 8 Issue 4 Pages 288-
    Published: March 25, 2006
    Released on J-STAGE: October 27, 2017
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  • Article type: Appendix
    2006 Volume 8 Issue 4 Pages 289-290
    Published: March 25, 2006
    Released on J-STAGE: October 27, 2017
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  • Article type: Appendix
    2006 Volume 8 Issue 4 Pages 291-292
    Published: March 25, 2006
    Released on J-STAGE: October 27, 2017
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  • Article type: Appendix
    2006 Volume 8 Issue 4 Pages 292-
    Published: March 25, 2006
    Released on J-STAGE: October 27, 2017
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  • Article type: Appendix
    2006 Volume 8 Issue 4 Pages 292-
    Published: March 25, 2006
    Released on J-STAGE: October 27, 2017
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  • Article type: Appendix
    2006 Volume 8 Issue 4 Pages App3-
    Published: March 25, 2006
    Released on J-STAGE: October 27, 2017
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  • Article type: Appendix
    2006 Volume 8 Issue 4 Pages App4-
    Published: March 25, 2006
    Released on J-STAGE: October 27, 2017
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  • Article type: Appendix
    2006 Volume 8 Issue 4 Pages App5-
    Published: March 25, 2006
    Released on J-STAGE: October 27, 2017
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  • Article type: Appendix
    2006 Volume 8 Issue 4 Pages App6-
    Published: March 25, 2006
    Released on J-STAGE: October 27, 2017
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  • Article type: Appendix
    2006 Volume 8 Issue 4 Pages App7-
    Published: March 25, 2006
    Released on J-STAGE: October 27, 2017
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  • Article type: Cover
    2006 Volume 8 Issue 4 Pages Cover2-
    Published: March 25, 2006
    Released on J-STAGE: October 27, 2017
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