This study aimed to clarify the structure of psychiatric nursing activities that provide hope to psychiatric patients ("nursing activities that provide hope") by performing structural equation modeling and examining its construct based on the associations with its conceptual one-dimensional properties and external criteria. As our method, we conducted a survey involving 95 nurses working at a psychiatric hospital. We used a questionnaire for assessing attributes and nursing activities that can provide hope. The nursing activities that can provide hope have three subordinate concepts. We initially developed a questionnaire comprised of 80 items related to these subordinate concepts. We then reduced the items and used the remaining items to formulate a second-order factor model in which the three subordinate concepts were counted as the first-order factors and nursing activities that provide hope were counted as the second-order factors. We examined the model's goodness of fit through a confirmatory factor analysis. We also examined the correlation between the nurses' years of experience and their nursing activities that provide hope. The nurses' years of experience and their nursing activities that provide hope were positively correlated.

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In this study, we investigated the influence which it has on the contralateral hip rotator muscles power in a bilateral hip rotator synchronously compared with the unilateral muscle contraction. The subjects were thirty healthy adults' volunteers (fifteen men, fifteen women, mean age 26.0). The synchronously contraction in each combination of a hip internal rotation and external rotation and the unilateral contraction were measured by 100% Maximum Voluntary Contraction by isometric contraction using CYBEX and a Hand Held Dynamometer. In the result of this study, the bilateral symmetry hip rotator muscles power showed significant the higher strength measurement than unilateral hip rotator muscle and bilateral asymmetry hip rotator muscle in internal rotation and external rotation. It thought that this result had the effect of irradiation to the contralateral lower extremity by symmetry movement larger than asymmetric movement in a hip rotator muscles. And by asymmetric movement, since the trunk was unstable, it was thought that the effect of the strength reinforcement was not accepted.

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In the present research, we studied the reliability of displacement measurement of the deep fascia in the superficial layer and the deep layer of vastus lateralis muscle. We measured 20 lower extremities of 10healthy males with no significant medical history of orthopedic disease. With regard to measurement conditions, in the passive exercise movement of flexed position of knee joint 0 to 45 degree in sidelying, moving distances of superficial layer and deep layer fascia in vastus lateralis muscle was measured with. The reliability of measurements, we used interclass correlation coefficient (ICC), Bland-Altman analysis, and 95% confidence interval (MDC_<95>) of the minimum detectable change (MDC), we studied intra-class and inter-class reliability, as well as type and quantity of measurement errors. As a result, in superficial layer ICC was ICC(1,1)=0.98 and ICC(2,1)=0.98, while in deep layer it was ICC(1,1)=0.98 and ICC(2,1)=0.95. No systematic error was found for intra-class and inter-class reliability. Results of MDC_<95> in superficial layer were, intra-class=0.77mm and inter-class=0.63mm, while in deep layer, intra-class=1.43mm and inter-class=1.96mm. We could confirm that variation of less than 0.77mm in the superficial layer and less than 1.96mm in the deep layer was due to measurement error.

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The purpose of this study was to analyze correlation of the posture classification of the pelvis and lower extremities with the alignment, range of motion (ROM) and muscle strength. Thirty four young healthy subjects (15 males and 19 females; mean age, 21.9 years) were participated. The measurement of the alignment included 8 items of the pelvis and the lower extremities, and the measurement of ROM and muscle strength (maximal isometric contraction) included the hip joint, knee joint, and the ankle joint. The types of posture were, in total, classified into three different groups: one male group characterized by genu varus, and two female groups characterized by genu recurvatum and genu valgus according to femoral anteversion, quadriceps angle, and knee joint angle (on a sagittal plane). ROM for adduction and internal rotation of the hip joint was significantly decreased and muscle strength for abduction of the hip joint was significantly increased in genu varus. In genu valgus the relation was the reverse of genu varus. ROM for extension of the knee joint and plantar flexion of the ankle joint was significantly increased in genu recurvatum. These results suggest that young healthy subject's posture was classified into one male group and two female groups; moreover, the results also suggest that each of them had characteristic alignment, ROM, and muscle strength.

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【Purpose】 This study examined knee extensor and flexor torque recovery in the early postoperative phase after selective hip muscle release(SHMR). 【Methods】 Eight ambulatory patients with cerebral palsy who underwent rectus femoris and medial hamstrings lengthening as a part of bilateral SHMR participated in this study. The maximum isometric torques of the knee extensors and flexors on the involved limbs were measured preoperatively and 4 weeks postoperatively. Two-way analysis of variance was performed to determine the relationship among knee extensor and flexor joint tourque and perioperative values. 【Results】 The mean value of knee extensor torque was higher, and the mean value of knee flexor torque was lower than the corresponding preoperative value. Result of two-way analysis of variance, it was identified interaction between direction of motion and torque of perioperative. 【Conclusions】 The recovery of knee extensor and flexor torque got involved in agonist and antagonist. Highering factors of knee extensor torque were reduction of friction by antagonist muscle release and encouraged monarthric muscle activity of knee extensor by rectus femoris release. Lowering factors of knee flexor torque were medial hamstrings release which were main muscle of knee flexor.

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