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礒田 隆聡
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p.
169-172
発行日: 2000/09/28
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A new catalysis reaction was designed for the conversion from coal to synthesis gas, which contained CO, CH_4 and CO_2 mixture gases.
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伏見 千尋, 後藤 充宏, 堤 敦司, 林 潤一郎, 千葉 忠俊
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p.
173-176
発行日: 2000/09/28
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In the Integrated Coal Gasification Combined Cycle (IGCC) process, hydrogen is produced thermochemically by the gasification of coal. However, its cool gas effect is at most 80% at present because of partial oxidation of coal. In order to improve the thermal efficiency of IGCC process, the fundamental research on the reactivity of coal with the steam reforming gasification was conducted at the heating rate of 100K/s by using a thermogravimetric reactor. The effects of temperature and heating rate on the reactivity and the gas production were examined.
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長滝 朋輔, 藤元 薫, 関根 泰
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p.
177-180
発行日: 2000/09/28
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Gasification of coal char such as Yallourn, Newlands, Adalo, West Senakin was examined under the pressurized condition. Pressure effect was only little from the viewpoint of the gasification rate at 0.5 conversion. But several interesting features were observed from the data of laser-laman, pore distribution, SEM and so on.
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海保 守, 張 愛華, 山田 理, 安田 肇, Mokhtar ZABAT, 中野 薫
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p.
181-184
発行日: 2000/09/28
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Taiheiyo coal was gasified with hydrogen under various H2/Coal rate, particle size and reactor structure. The distribution of carbon contained in original coal to char, tar and gas was estimated. The carbon conversion rate to each products was plotted against that of the whole gas and chemical process which formed each product was discussed.
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丸山 英夫, 野村 和夫, 野口 冬樹, 勝倉 宏次郎
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p.
185-188
発行日: 2000/09/28
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The Development of Coal Hydrogasification Technology to secure a stable supply of substituted natural gas (SNG) from coal at low cost has been performed from FY 1996 as a part of the Japanese governmental new energy program called the New Sunshine Project. This paper reports results from researches on hydrogasification reacttion, configuration of gasisier and pheripheral technologies.
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豊田 雅臣, 金子 昌弘, 羅 春華, 上宮 成之, 小島 紀徳
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p.
189-192
発行日: 2000/09/28
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Physical and chemical properties of coal chars pyrolyzed in N_2 atmosphere and chars partially gasified in CO_2-N_2 mixture at high temperature were characterized by nitrogen adsorption method and XRD. Attention was paid to the specific surface, porosity, graphitical carbon and SiC formation at high temperature. The effects of treatment temperature and ash fusion characteristics were discussed.
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北川 工, 山田 哲夫, 橋本 晴美, 鈴木 勉
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p.
193-196
発行日: 2000/09/28
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Standard coals chosen for BRAIN-C project and their demineralized chars were gasified with CO_2 at temperatures and pressures up to 1373K and 2.5Mpa respectively, to examined the influence of coal species, pressure, and temperature on the reactivity. Also, factors govering the reactivity were investigated through changes in physical and chemical properties such as carbon structure, porous structure, and chemical forms of indigenous mineral matters for ungasified portions at different conversions. The gasification rate at 1373K and 2.5MPa for demimemlized chars was larger than that for raw coals. This can explained by larger catalytic activity loss of calcium through interaction with silica and/or alumina for raw coals and larger surface area for demineralized chars.
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Atul Sharma, Takashi Kyotani, Akira Tomita
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p.
197-200
発行日: 2000/09/28
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The structural transformations in Beulah-Zap, Illinois no.6, Upper Freeport and Pocahontas no.3 coals on heat-treatment at 427℃, 800℃ and 1200℃ were examined by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) technique. The stacking number and layer sizes of heat-treated coals were evaluated. The structural change in coal strongly depends on whether a coal undergoes plastic stage or not. The HRTEM technique can successfully quantify the structural change in coal on heat-treatment.
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門岡 隼人, Atul SHARMA, 京谷 隆, 富田 彰
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p.
201-204
発行日: 2000/09/28
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In order to correlate the gasification reactivity of coal chars with their structure, raw and acid treated Pocahontas No.3 coal chars were gasified in 1% O_2 at 600℃. The structural changes in the coal chars during gasification reaction were quantitatively evaluated using HRTEM image analysis technique. Raw coal chars showed presence of highly crystalline portions in comparison with acid treated chars probably due to catalytic effect of mineral matters during the pyrolysis process. The lower crystallinity of acid treated chars can partly be correlated to their observed higher reactivity than raw coal chars. Raw coal char showed a clear increase in crystallinity during the later stage of gasification, which is partly due to the increase in the fraction of initially present highly crystalline portions as the less crystalline portions were lost by gasification reaction.
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伊藤 卓晃, 南雲 夕紀, 上宮 成之, 小島 紀徳
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p.
205-208
発行日: 2000/09/28
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Agglomeration and softening behaviors of coal ashes were investigated based on temperature variation of their electric resistance for avoiding a clinker trouble in a fluidized-bed coal gasifier. A clinker trouble temperature in a laboratory-scale fluidized-bed coal gasifier will be presumed from an agglomeration temperature decided from meansurement of the electric resistance.
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二宮 善彦, 水野 敏之, 西岡 直記, 張 立安, 佐藤 厚
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p.
209-212
発行日: 2000/09/28
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The deposits of ash particle to the water-cooled wall were investigated using the reactor with laboratory scale under an entrained bed gasification condition. The particle size below 3μm was mostly trapped on the wall by molecular diffusion and thermophoresis. The amount o f deposition of large particles, greater than 5μm in diameters, increased significantly by the addition of hydrogen sulfide. The effects of stickiness and melting of particles on deposit were discussed in the paper.
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沖 裕壮, 犬丸 淳, 市川 和芳, 原 三郎
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p.
213-216
発行日: 2000/09/28
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Detailed analysis of coal ash particles was performed with use of CCSEM, analyzed char particles were derived from process development unit for coal gasifier. In this report, we clarify the effect of coal brand and air ratio, one of the typical operation conditions of gasifier, on characteristics of coal ash particles, such as, particle size distribution, density distribution, ratio of excluded ash particles. And we presented new concept for modeling of ash formation in gasifier.
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p.
App6-
発行日: 2000/09/28
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二タ村 森, 高木 英行, 山田 能生
原稿種別: 本文
p.
217-220
発行日: 2000/09/28
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Carbon materials-catalyzed hydrogenation of anthracene was kinetically analyzed. In tetralin, only DHA was obtained from anthracene in the absence of carbon materials, and the activation energies for anthracene disappearance and DHA formation were almost the same with each other at 220.6 and 216.1kJ mol^<-1>, respectively. Addition of active carbons decreased these values to different degrees, depending on their origins. It was suggested that the types of active carbons affected the behavior of DHA and THA formation on their surfaces.
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小方 英輔, 佐藤 信也, 堀江 一之, 斉藤 郁夫, 請川 孝治, 西嶋 昭生
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p.
221-224
発行日: 2000/09/28
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Hydroconversion of aromatic hydrocarbons was carried out with transition metal catalysts such as metallic iron fine powder, iron oxides, iron sulfates, iron sulfide, stabilized metallic nickel, supported ruthenium, rhodium and palladium on carbon in the absence and presence of H_2S under initial H_2 pressure of 10MPa at 350℃. In the case of the absence of H_2S, the activity of transition metal catalysts was affected with the form of the precursor used, and the reaction was proceeded mainly romatic-rings hydrogenation and the reaction products were constituted of many the corresponding hydrogenated compounds. The catalytic activities for hydrogenation were decreased by H_2S addition to the reaction system, but new active sites for bridged C_<ar>-C_<alk> bond scission between naphthalene-ring carbon C_<ar> and methylene carbon C_<alk> in naphthylmethylbibenzyl and dinaphthylmethanes molecules were formed. The C_<ar>-C_<alk> bond breaking of 1-position in dinaphthylmethane molecules was easier than the C_<ar>-C_<alk> breaking of 2-position of naphthalene-ring. The rate of C-C bond scission to the rate of hydrogenation was depended on the kind of metal and the partial pressure of H_2S.
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増田 崇, 石原 篤, 銭 衛華, 加部 利明
原稿種別: 本文
p.
225-228
発行日: 2000/09/28
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Hydrogenation of phenanthrene (PHE) and the mechanism of catalyst deactivation in the presence of dibenzothiophene (DBT) and acridine (ACR) using Ni-Mo/Al_2O_3 and Pt-Pd/Al_2O_3 were investigated. In the Ni-Mo/Al_2O_3, the conversion of PHE slightly increased with decreasing DBT concentration. When DBT was added again after 0wt% of DBT, the activity became lower than the initial activity. In contrast, no deactivation was observed with Pt-Pd/Al_2O_3 On using Ni-Mo/Al_2O_3, octahydrophenanthrene was a major product, while with the Pt-Pd/Al_2O_3 perhydrophenanthrene became a major product with low DBT concentration. With the addition of acridine, the conversion of PHE decreased and the initial activities were not recovered for both catalysts ever after acridine was removed.
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西郡 大介, 石原 篤, 銭 衛華, 加部 利明
原稿種別: 本文
p.
229-232
発行日: 2000/09/28
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Hydrogen exchange reaction of four Argonne coals (Beulah-zap (ND), Illinois No.6 (IL), Upper Freeport (UF) and Pocahontas #3 (POC)) with tritiated water using a batch reactor was performed at several time and temperatures. The amounts of aromatic hydrogen at ortho and para positions of a functional group could be calculated to be 2.7, 2.3, 0.9 and 1.7, for ND, IL, UF and POC, respectively. In the reaction of model compound of coal with deuterium oxide, aromatic hydrogens at ortho and para positions of such compounds with hydroxy and amino groups as phenol and aniline are exchangeable.
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兼子 隆雄, 牧野 英一郎, Lambok H. SILALAHI, 安室 元晴, 奥山 憲幸, 田村 正明, 嶋崎 勝乗
原稿種別: 本文
p.
233-236
発行日: 2000/09/28
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Metal compositions of Ni containing Soroako limonite in Indonesia were characterized by using TG, XRD, TEM-EDX and XPS in relation to the catalytic activities in direct coal liquefaction. It appeared that α-FeOOH and Al(OH)_3 were dominant species in Soroako limonite and very fine particles of Fe_<1-X>S were formed by the addition of elemental sulfur at 300℃. The crystal growth of Fe_<1-X>S may be suppressed by some interactions such as Fe-O-Al, leading to the high liquefaction activity. Results of TEM-EDX analysis suggest that Ni may locate near Fe_<1-X>S species, which is recognized as an active phase in coal liquefaction.
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米山 嘉治, 福島 勝, 山口 俊輔, 加藤 勉, Chunshan SONG
原稿種別: 本文
p.
237-240
発行日: 2000/09/28
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Addition of water has a strong promoting effect on low-severity catalytic coal hydrogenation using in-situ generated MoS_2 catalyst from ammonium tetrathiomolybdate (ATTM). In this coal hydrogenation using ATTM and water, the conversion of coal is largest at 375℃. In order to clarify the promoting effect of water on the largest conversions at 375℃, two-step model reactions of DNE and NMBB were carried out using ATTM as the catalyst precursor in the presence and absence of water. Two-step reaction was conducted as follows: MoS_2 was prepared from ATTM with and without water at 350, 375, 400℃ in the first step. After hot-venting the gases generating from ATTM and water, model compounds were hydrogenated with and without added water at 350℃. After preparing active MoS_2 catalysts from both ATTM and ATTM+H_2O in the first step, added water in the second step decreased the conversions of both DNE and NMBB significantly. With added water in the second step, conversions of both DNE and NMBB using MoS_2 from ATTM+H_2O at 375 and 400℃ in the first step were very low and similar each other. We cannot find significant differences between the conversions of model compounds using MoS_2 generated at 375℃ and those at 400℃ in the first step. In the one-step reaction, the conversions of both DNE and NMBB using ATTM+H_2O were largest at 375℃ under the conditions we used. Since the previous DNE-conversions without hot-venting in the two-step test are larger than those with hot-venting in this study, it is possible that MoS_2 generating from ATTM and ATTM+H_2O is deactivated by the hot-venting for removing water and gases.
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杉田 哲, 奥山 憲幸, 田村 正明, 島崎 勝乗, 兼子 隆雄
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p.
241-244
発行日: 2000/09/28
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Limonite ore (Yandi Yellow in Australia) was finely pulverized with process solvent by using a ball mill or an agitated media mill to examine the effect of catalyst particle size on the direct coal liquefaction activity. The specific surface area of catalyst was increased with the pulverization time, and finally the average particle size was reached to about O.3μm. It appeared that the coal conversion and oil yield in the liquefaction of Banko coal (brown coal in Indonesia) slightly increased with a decrease in catalyst particle size from 2.1 to 0.3μm, because of the formation of a smaller crystallite size of pyrrhotite (Fe^<1-X>S) during the coal liquefaction.
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恩田 大五郎, 大場 利明, 小谷野 耕二, 菅野 元行, 真下 清
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p.
245-248
発行日: 2000/09/28
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The NEDOL process produced coal liquefaction residue (CLR) in about 30% yield. The amount of waste tire is increasing every year. In this study, the hydrogenolysis reaction of CLR (1t/d PSU) with pulverized waste tire was carried out by using tetralin. Compared with the result from each reaction of CLR or tire alone, the synergistic effects to upgrading, such as the increase of the yield of volatile products and the decrease of n-hexane insoluble-acetone soluble materials, were observed.
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舘野 功, 高津 憲一郎, 渡邊 将久, 真下 清
原稿種別: 本文
p.
249-252
発行日: 2000/09/28
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The effective utilizations of coal liquefaction residue (CLR) need to be investigated. The pyrolyses that used supercritical water (SCW) as the reaction solvent were examined under various reaction conditions in order to attempt the conversion of CLR into hexane soluble. The effective pyrolysis of CLR to hexane soluble was realized under pressure of 270kg/cm^2 at 400℃. However, because the increase of hexane insoluble yield was confirmed, the polymerization reaction was also promoted with the formation of lighter materials.
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佐藤 信也, 松村 明光, 斉藤 郁夫
原稿種別: 本文
p.
253-256
発行日: 2000/09/28
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Since some neutral contaminants, which contaminate the product crude phenol by methanol-mediated extraction, obstruct the purification of crude phenol, the authors investigated the performance of the removal of such neutral contaminants. More than 95% of neutral contaminants in a methanol-water phase were removed by the extraction with heptane, while only about 10% of phenols were extracted. By the heptane extraction, the extraction yield of crude phenol is expected to increase about 15wt% at the optimum condition. This method is useful to saves the extraction cost substantially compared with that the authors have reported.
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p.
App7-
発行日: 2000/09/28
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坂西 欣也, イショム ファイズル, 渡辺 泉, 持田 勲
原稿種別: 本文
p.
257-260
発行日: 2000/09/28
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Mineral components bonded to organic parts in coals are characterized by solid-state NMR, XRF, and ICP analyses, in order to elucidate their behaviors during heating, solvent extraction, and acid treatments. Major inorganic components in coals are mineral and clay matters, however, some portions of metals bonded to organic parts in coals through oxygen functional groups are contained, especially in lower ranked coals. It is of value to point out that some aluminosilicates are organically bonded and extracted by mild acid treatment at room temperature and solvent extraction at high temperatures around 350℃. It is revealed that such aluminosilicates as well as ion-exchangeable cations such as alkali and alkali-earth metals may influence the deposition problems by their intimate interactions with organic hydrocarbons through oxygen functional groups in coal during heating, solvent extraction, pyrolysis, and liquefaction.
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弟子丸 宏, 山西 一誠, 平間 紀吉, 堤 幸成, 相田 哲夫
原稿種別: 本文
p.
261-264
発行日: 2000/09/28
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The change of solvent swelling behavior and amount of oxygen-containing functionality such as carboxyilic acid and phenolic hydroxyl functionality in coal have been investigated which were induced by preheating in the range of 150〜400℃. It was found that there were significant coal rank dependence on those phenomena.
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相田 哲夫, 西須 愛子, 米田 昌広, 吉永 貞司, 堤 幸成, 山西 一誠, 吉田 忠
原稿種別: 本文
p.
265-268
発行日: 2000/09/28
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The acuracy of newly developed chemical determination method which is capable to determin carboxylic acid and phenolic hydroxyl functionality in coal using borohydride compounds has been verified by analytical deta obtained from alternative methodorogy such as non-aqueous titration and ^<13>C-NMR, and was found that each analytical data agreed with a reasonable range of accuracy, particulary to the carboxylic acid functionality.
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太田 裕志, 王 杰, 宝田 恭之
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p.
269-272
発行日: 2000/09/28
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Softening property of coal is influenced by low-temperature oxidation. In this study, the oxidation mechanism of coal particle and the role of oxygen incorporated for the devolatilization behavior of oxidized coal were investigated. The coal oxidation was carried out in the furnace with ^<16>O_2 or ^<18>O_2. The oxidation of coal proceeded from coal particle surface and the structure and softening property of the sample collected from surface part of oxidized coal was completely different from those from inner part of the coal. When the oxidized sample was pyrolyzed at 10℃/min up to 500℃, the release profile of H_2O (m/z=20) was somewhat different from that of H_2O (m/z=18).
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阪田 祐作, Md. Azhar Uddin, 村田 勝英
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p.
273-276
発行日: 2000/09/28
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Using gas-chromatography, the authors developed a unique technique called 'NPgram' to characterize the hydrocarbon fuel oils. The notation 'NPgram' stands for Normal Paraffin gram. It is obtained by plotting the weight percent of a group of hydrocarbons, which are located within the range of retention values of two successive normal parafins (Cn-1 and Cn), against the carbon number (n). As the carbon number (n) corresponds to the boiling point range of a group of compounds, C-NPgram actually represents a volatility distribution of the fuel oils. In this work we applied the NPgram technique to characterize the coal derived oil. Analogous to C-NPgram, the volatility distribution of S-, N-, Cl- and O-compounds in coal derived oils were shown by 'S-NPgram', 'N-NPgram', 'Cl-NPgram' and 'O-NPgram'. The NPgrams of these heterogeneous compounds were obtained by plotting the contents of heterogeneous compounds determined by a AED-GC (Atomic Emission Detecter) against the carbon number (n).
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相田 卓, 佐藤 剛史, 阿尻 雅文, 新井 邦夫
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p.
277-280
発行日: 2000/09/28
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山下 亨, 富永 浩章, 成瀬 一郎, 朝廣 紀夫
原稿種別: 本文
p.
281-284
発行日: 2000/09/28
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The adhesion behavior of ash generated during coal gasification under high temperature condition was investigated by using horizontal-type pulverized coal reactor with water-cooled tube. The size distribution and chemical composition of attacking and deposited particles on tube surface were measured by CCSEM (Computer Controlled Scanning Electron Microscopy). The fraction of fine size and low fusion temperature in collision particles selectively adhered to tube surface. The ash adhesion probability to dry surface was determined by the collision efficiency and viscosity prediction of each particle. Ash adhesion model that will be applied to the gasifier was proposed.
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Nakorn WORASUWANNARAK, Hiroyuki NAKAGAWA, Kouichi MIURA
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p.
285-288
発行日: 2000/09/28
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It is very important to examine the effect of pre-oxidation of coal on its carbonization behavior from various aspects. In this study, the carbonization reaction of oxidized coal has been examined. The coal was oxidized at 250, 270 and 300℃ by air, then carbonized at 900℃. The gas formation rate and weight change during the carbonization of the pre-oxidized coal were measured continuously using a mass spectrometer and a thermogravimetric analyzer, respectively. The changes in the functional groups of the coal during the carbonization were measured by in-situ FTIR. From these measurements the mechanism of the carbonization was discussed.
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三浦 孝一, 高橋 和直, 中川 浩行
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p.
289-292
発行日: 2000/09/28
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We have previously presented that a fairly large amount of coal could be extracted in tetralin by use of flow type reactor at high temperature. The extract could be separated into precipitated solid (deposit) and soluble fraction (soluble) at room temperature. Deposit is expected to be a clean fuel or a resource of carbon material because it is almost ashfree. In this paper we examined the carbonization behavior of the deposits prepared from various coals. The weight decreasing rate of deposit at lower temperature was much larger than that of raw coal due to the evaporation of small molecule components occluded in the deposit. The mechanism of pyrolysis reaction of deposit was found to be different from that of raw coal from the kinetic analysis using a new DAEM method.
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松方 正彦, 佐藤 大介, 小野 洋一郎, 菊地 英一
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p.
293-296
発行日: 2000/09/28
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Inorganic matters behavior during column flotation which is a good candidate for preparing clean coal, was fundamentally studied. A column with 180cm high was continuously operated for 5 kinds of coal. The samples obtained from the top and bottom of column and aqueous phase were analyzed for the contents of inorganic elements. Inorganic elements were classified into three groups: (1) Those included in clean coal, (2) those rejected from the bottom of column, and (3) those soluble in aqueous phase. Alkali and alkaline elements were suggested to be extracted partly into aqueous phase. Predominant distribution of other elements like Al and Fe in clean coal or drain were observed in some types of coal, implying possible control of ash composition.
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松方 正彦, 高橋 誠人, 菊地 英一
原稿種別: 本文
p.
297-300
発行日: 2000/09/28
公開日: 2017/03/22
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The preparation of model particles having controlled hydrophobic/hydrophilic surfaces was attempted to investigate flotation behavior of coal in a column flotation process quantitatively. The surface properties of glass beads with ca. 50μm diameter were modified by chemical vapor deposition of 1, 3, 5, 7, -tetrametyltetracyclosiloxane (H-4), followed by catalytic hydrosilylation with vinylacetic acid. The CVD of H-4 was performed for making the surface of glass beads hydrophobic and the successive hydrosilylation allowed us to prepare particles with moderate hydrophilic surfaces. The CVD conditions to adjust hydrophobicity of glass beads were explored. The surface properties of these particles and their distribution were evaluated by means of a film flotation technique. The bubble-particle attachment probability was preliminary studied using these model particles.
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礒田 隆聡
原稿種別: 本文
p.
301-304
発行日: 2000/09/28
公開日: 2017/03/22
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A new fuel cell reactor was designed for the conversion of hydrocarbon resources to electricity.
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羽鳥 信, 笹岡 英司
原稿種別: 本文
p.
305-308
発行日: 2000/09/28
公開日: 2017/03/22
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In order to develop an easily regenerable zinc oxide high-temperature desulfurization sorbent the role of TiO_2 on oxidative regeneration of spent ZnO-TiO_2 sorbent was studied using TPR and isotopic H_2^<18>O. It was found that TiO_2 accelerated both the reaction between ZnO and O_2 and the reaction between ZnS and H_2O, and also accelerated the oxidative regeneration of ZnS in the presence of both O_2 and H_2O. Furthermore, the acceleration in the presence of both O_2 and H_2O could be explained by an activation of H_2O over the TiO_2 and spill over of the activated H_2O species.
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住江 直美, 呉 聖姫, 笹岡 英司
原稿種別: 本文
p.
309-312
発行日: 2000/09/28
公開日: 2017/03/22
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Limestone and lime are used for high-temperature DeSOx sorbent. However, the porosity of them is usually very low, and their SO_2 removal capacity is low. As the solution of problems, we presented method of macroporous lime using acetic acid, water vapor and water. In this study, a wet swelling method with acetic acid aqueous was studied for the development of a low cost swelling method. It was found that this wet swelling method with acetic acid aqueous solutions was usual method for the preparation of macroporous lime.
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原稿種別: 付録等
p.
App8-
発行日: 2000/09/28
公開日: 2017/03/22
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佐々木 正秀, 真田 雄三
原稿種別: 本文
p.
313-316
発行日: 2000/09/28
公開日: 2017/03/22
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The electron paramagnetic resonance intensity of coal-derived asphaltene as a function of temperature was investigated to determine the existence of triplet-state species. Radical species observed in the asphaltene are very easily saturated at 121K. Data collected on a range from 121K to 296K of the asphaltene with lower microwave power show a linear intensity versus reciprocal temperature relationship. However, an apparent positive slope shows in a plot of IT versus T. In addition, experimental values of the asphaltene are in excellent agreement with theoretical curve with a particular choice of the energy separation between singlet and triplet state, J, in terms of Yen and Young analysis.
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白井 誠之, 野村 昌治, 菅原 勝康
原稿種別: 本文
p.
317-320
発行日: 2000/09/28
公開日: 2017/03/22
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X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) was applied to the direct determination of the chemical and structural environmental of selenium in Nantong coal.
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奥田 篤史, 水野 敏之, 二宮 善彦
原稿種別: 本文
p.
321-324
発行日: 2000/09/28
公開日: 2017/03/22
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The computer controlled scanning microscopy (CCSEM) is a powerful tool for the measurement of particle size distribution and chemical analysis of minerals in coal or fly ash particles. However, the effect of the operating condition on the deviation of measured data is not clarified. In this study, the threshold for the particle recognition and the accuracy of EDS for metallic oxides were examined.
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松方 正彦, 草場 健太郎, 菊地 英一
原稿種別: 本文
p.
325-328
発行日: 2000/09/28
公開日: 2017/03/22
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A coal-water slurry was prepared by mixing 250ml of distilled water and a given amount of Datong Coal. The concentrations of slurry prepared was 0.596, 5.66 and 23.1wt%. The slurry was stirred for 3h. One ml of the slurry was taken by a syringe every 20min to investigate the elution rate of inorganic ions. Water-soluble inorganic matters in coal was attempted to quantitatively analyzed using ion chromatography. In comparison with ICP-AES, ion chromatography could be a method much easier to operate and cost effective. Three types of columns, YK-421 (HITACHI) for cations analysis, #2740 for anions analysis, and #2617 (HITACHI) for trace elements analysis, were used. It was found that cations were mostly eluted within 20min, while the elution of SO_4^<2-> continued up to 80min, leading to a decrease of pH from 5.3 to 2.6.
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熊谷 治夫, 中村 和夫
原稿種別: 本文
p.
329-332
発行日: 2000/09/28
公開日: 2017/03/22
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A computer aided molecular design (CAMD) method was utilized to evaluate the change in the pore size distribution of brown coal along with a progress of moisture release. Removal of water molecules results in a drastic change in the density of cell which contain coal model molecules and water molecules at the final stage of moisture removal. This indicates that the dense conformation of the coal model molecules with water molecules changed to porous one at the final stage of moisture removal. The results appear to represent the characteristics of the brown coal, at least change in the density and pore size distribution along with a progress of moisture release.
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熊谷 治夫, 田辺 克守, 千葉 忠俊
原稿種別: 本文
p.
333-336
発行日: 2000/09/28
公開日: 2017/03/22
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Since the associated molecular structure has an important role in the characteristics and reactivity of coal, natures of the structure have not been fully understood. In this study, change in the associated molecular structure of coal induced by heat treatment is investigated with in-situ ^1H-NMR. A solid-echo pulse sequence was employed to monitor the variation of molecular mobility of coals. The echo signals obtained were deconvoluted into a set of a Gaussian and two Lorentzian decay, which represent the immobile intermediate and mobile components, respectively. Close correspondence between the changes in the fractional intensity of mobile component (Hm) and those in volumetric swelling ratio suggest that the solvent induced swelling proceed with relaxation of the associated molecular structure of coal. Thermally induced change in molecular mobility of coal is successfully observed with in-situ.
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則永 行庸, 国谷 昌浩, 飯野 雅
原稿種別: 本文
p.
337-340
発行日: 2000/09/28
公開日: 2017/03/22
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Pyridine soluble portions of Upper Freeport (UF) and Illinois No.6 (IL) coals were mixed with N-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone (NMP). Anealings of the mixtures at 353K could produce stable gelly materials. Viscoelastic properties of the gels were characterized by means of controlled stress oscillatory rheometory at temperatures between 223 and 273K. The measured modulus of rigidity was resolved into storage and loss components, as a function of temperature and oscillation frequency. Time-temperature superposition procedures were applied to construct the master curves reduced to 243K in which the temperature dependence of the shift factor can be described by Arrhenius equation. Effect of O-methylation and hydrogenation of aromatic rings of the extracts on the dynamic modulus of the gels were examined.
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林 千宏, 辻 俊郎, 柴田 俊春, 伊藤 博徳
原稿種別: 本文
p.
341-344
発行日: 2000/09/28
公開日: 2017/03/22
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The swelling characteristics of coal was examined by using the mixed solvent like methanol, acetone, 1-methylnaphtalene, tetralin and ethylenediamine. There are differences in the swelling ratios that depend on the kind of coal. However, the rise of the swelling ratios by the mixed solvents was shown in all coals used in this study. It is recognized that even if a large swelling ratio is not shown in the case of a simple pure solvent, it can increase by using the mixed solvents. Especially, the high swelling ratios were shown in the mixed solvents of methanol and 1-methylnaphtalene, and methanol, acetone, ethylenediamine and tetralin. It is suggested that as for the effect of the mixed solvent, the hydroxyl group of alcohol splits the hydrogen bonds of coal structure and the other bigger solvents of the higher molecular weight penetrates to the openings.
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竹内 康浩, 鈴木 正郎, 大橋 浩介, 則永 行庸, 飯野 雅
原稿種別: 本文
p.
345-348
発行日: 2000/09/28
公開日: 2017/03/22
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Pyridine soluble portions of Upper Freeport (UF) and Illinois No.6 (IL) coals were mixed with N-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone (NMP). Annealings of the mixtures at 353K could produce stable gelleous materials. Changes in the viscoelastic properties of the samples with temperature were characterized by means of controlled strain oscillatory rheometory at temperatures between 223 and 273K during heating at a rate of 2K/min. The measured modulus of rigidity was resolved into storage and loss components, as a function of temperature and oscillation frequency. The complex viscosity was also evaluated and analyzed by using an existing viscosity model for associating suspensions.
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中島 常憲, 海平 泰司, 武山 知弘, 東 顕正, 大木 章
原稿種別: 本文
p.
349-352
発行日: 2000/09/28
公開日: 2017/03/22
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Fifty five different rank coals were analyzed by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). On the basis of its congelation characteristics, the water sorbed in coal was classified into three types: free water, bound water and nonfreezable water. The amount of bound water was different by kinds of coals. In this study, clear relationship between the amount of bound water and maximum coal concentration of CWM was found.
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井福 正宏, 石原 篤, 銭 衛華, 加部 利明
原稿種別: 本文
p.
353-356
発行日: 2000/09/28
公開日: 2017/03/22
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Using a flow fixed bed reactor hydrogen transfer reaction of Wandoan coal with tritiated gaseous hydrogen in the presence of tetralin were performed at several temperatures. The hydrogen transfer ratios of coal and tetralin with hydrogen were determined from the radioactivity introduced into coals and tetralin. Further, the amount of hydroxy groups was estimated by the hydrogen exchange reaction of tritiated coal with water after the hydrogen transfer reaction.
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