The tribe Desmodieae (Leguminosae subfam. Papilionoideae) consists of three groups: Desmodium, Lespedeza and Phyllodium. The Phyllodium group includes 12 genera: Akschindlium, Aphyllodium, Arthroclianthus, Dendrolobium, Droogmansia, Hanslia, Nephrodesmus, Ohwia, Ougeinia, Phyllodium, Tadehagi and Verdesmum. Phylogenetic trees for this group were constructed based on nine chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) regions (5ʹtrnK intron, ndhJ-trnF-trnL, trnT-trnL, trnG-trnS, trnQ-rps16, trnL-rpl32, rpl16 intron, trnC-rpoB, ndhA intron) and two nuclear ribosomal DNA (nrDNA) spacers (ITS and ETS). Except for Verdesmum lacking DNA data, the Phyllodium group is monophyletic in the nrDNA tree, while the group is paraphyletic in the cpDNA tree with Ougeinia being sister to Ototropis of the Desmodium group, although the remaining genera form a monophyletic group. The group comprises six clades: Ougeinia-Ototropis (in the cpDNA) or Ougeinia (in the nrDNA), Aphyllodium, Dendrolobium, Ohwia, Phyllodium and Tadehagi clades, each of which has a high support value. Dendrolobium multiflorum was placed within the Phyllodium clade in both phylogenetic trees. As the result, the species is transferred to Phyllodium.

A new genus, Hisatsugia, is established for a Japanese moss, Gollania splendens (Broth. ex Ihsiba) Nog. It is characterized by slender plants, strongly concave leaves, rhomboidal, thin-walled lamina cells, round-triangular pseudoparaphyllia, inner perichaetial leaves with long filiform acumina, exostome teeth with characteristic outer surface structure, and reduced endostomes.

A new species Hymenidium pinnatum Pr.Bhandari & Bhaumik (Apiaceae), is described and illustrated from Sikkim, India. This species is characterized by broadly white margined bract and bracteole with green median stipe, papillose rays, petals with narrow inflexed apex, fruit surface slightly muricate, and six vittae on the commisure. Field images and illustrations along with comparison of the nearest species are provided for easy recognition in the field. IUCN conservation status is also discussed.

Primula sulphurea (Hook.f.) Craib (Primulaceae) is reported as a new addition to the flora of Nepal. Primula sulphurea is similar to P. gracilipes Craib, and sometimes treated as a synonym of P. gracilipes, but differs in size of petiole, leaf farina, scape length, shape and size of bracts, and size and incision of corolla.

Five taxa of Carex (Cyperaceae) described by Dr. Shigeo Akiyama, C. kiyozumiensis Akiyama, C. scabroaristata Akiyama, C. squamoidea Akiyama, C. stenantha Franch. & Sav. vars. taisetsuensis Akiyama and yatsugatakensis Akiyama, are lectotypified based on specimens preserved in the Herbarium of the Hokkaido University Museum (SAPS). (Continued from J. Jap. Bot. 99: 173–181, 2024)

Extrafloral nectar production in Aristolochia zollingeriana (Aristolochiaceae) is reported. At first, A. zollingeriana cultivated at Koishikawa Botanical Garden, University of Tokyo was found to produce extrafloral nectar-like secretion. Consequently, fieldwork was conducted at Miyakojima Island in southwestern Japan to confirm whether this species produces extrafloral nectar and attracts ants through the nectar in its natural habitats. I found that A. zollingeriana produced extrafloral nectar from young flower buds or their adjacent tissues. The invasive ant species Pheidole megacephala was observed feeding on this nectar.

Five new records of pteridophytes from Prov. Oudomxay, northern Laos (Lao PDR) are reported: Palhinhaea crassifolia (Lycopodiaceae), Microlepia calvescens (Dennstaedtiaceae), Lindsaea orbiculata (Lindsaeaceae), Pteris taiwanensis (Pteridaceae), and Metathelypteris laxa (Thelypteridaceae).

Urochloa villosa f. glabriglumis was recollected in the coastal grasslands of Ishigaki Island, Okinawa Prefecture, Japan. This is the first record of this species in Okinawa Prefecture in 47 years since a collection in 1977.

Ceriscoides turgida (Roxb.) Tirveng. (Rubiaceae), a species listed in Nepal’s flora without a voucher specimen, is confirmed in Nepal. Notes on the variation in calyx lobes of male flowers, based on the Nepalese specimens, as well as information on the plant’s habitat, distribution, phenology, and colour photographs are provided.

Helicteres hirsuta Lour. (Malvaceae) is reported as a new record for the Flora of Nepal. A brief description, key to the species, and images of the specimen and distribution of the species are provided.

Phyllostachys nigra var. henonis (Poaceae) is a useful bamboo as foods and daily living materials, and has been planted across Japan. Its flowering cycle is believed to be 120 years, and flowering events have shown extremely low seed set rates, with no clear records of seedling regeneration under natural conditions. However, it is considered possible to cultivate seedlings if seeds can be secured. This paper reports the first record of a seedling- originated P. nigra var. henonis bamboo stand in a farm at Tochigi Prefecture, along with its current status.

Silybum marianum (Asteraceae), collected from the Central Nepal, is reported as a new generic record for the flora of Nepal. A brief discussion with distribution, ecology, and diagnostic characters are provided.

The botanical activities of Fumio Kasai are summarized including his life and contributions. Kasai conducted botanical surveys in Tokushima Prefecture and around Kushiro, Hokkaido, Japan, from the Meiji period to the early Showa period, and donated his specimens to Hokkaido University and other institutions, which were cited in several botanical papers. His communications with botanical researchers of the same period, such as Juro Nikai, indicate his footprints on local floristic works.

Agapetes marginata was collected in anthesis after a gap of 85 years and the photographs of the live flowers and dissected floral parts are added to the scientific knowledge of the species for the first time. The distribution map of the species was generated along with assessment of its Area of Occupancy and Extent of Occurrence, and IUCN status was assigned as endangered in India vide B2ab(iii).