巻号一覧
31 巻, 2 号
選択された号の論文の15件中1～15を表示しています
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中馬 一郎, 上田 至宏, 今泉 和彦, 小坂 博昭1981 年 31 巻 2 号 p. 131-143
発行日: 1981年
公開日: 2011/06/07
ジャーナル フリーThe equation derived by COBURN, FORSTER, and KANE (1965) for the absorption and elimination processes of carbon monoxide was solved analytically with less-restrictive assumptions.The solution can predict the COHb levels during and after exposures of 50 to 500ppm CO not only in human subjects but also in rats and mice with reasonable accuracy, except for the CO elimination by breathing hyperbaric oxygen. Physiological parameters required for the prediction are only body mass and hemoglobin concentration.It has been shown that the rate of both processes is inversely proportional to B0.24 in mammals, where B is the body mass: the smaller the animal, the faster the rate of both absorption and elimination.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (982K) -
相川 忠臣, 広瀬 妙子, 松本 逸郎, 鈴木 達二1981 年 31 巻 2 号 p. 145-151
発行日: 1981年
公開日: 2011/06/07
ジャーナル フリーThe adrenal secretion of aldosterone in response to anaphylactic shock was examined in intact and hypophysectomized-nephrectomized dogs which had been sensitized by horse serum injections (s.c.and i.v.) 24-30 days before the experiment.On the day of the experiment, dogs were injected intravenously with horse serum under pentobarbital anesthesia.During anaphylactic shock induced by horse serum, the adrenal secretion of aldosterone in intact and hypophysectomized-nephrectomized dogs increased from 1.32±0.55 (mean±S.E.M.) to 8.43±1.99ng/(kg·min) and from 0.23±0.10 to 2.38±0.63 ng/(kg·min), respectively. Plasma potassium concentration increased slightly and plasma sodium concentration did not change after the injection of horse serum in hypophysectomized-nephrectomized dogs. The results suggest the possibility that the adrenal secretion of aldosterone in response to anaphylactic shock in hypophysectomized-nephrectomized dogs is due mainly to a direct effect of histamine on the adrenal cortex or occurs via some unknown factors, and only in a small part to an increase in plasma potassium concentration.The adrenal secretion of corticosterone and cortisol during anaphylactic shock increased slightly but significantly in hypophysectomized-nephrectomized dogs, whereas it increased markedly in intact dogs.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (776K) -
宮本 嘉巳, 田村 達彦, 高橋 忠義, 三上 智久1981 年 31 巻 2 号 p. 153-168
発行日: 1981年
公開日: 2011/06/07
ジャーナル フリーIn order to clarify the nature of the regulatory mechanism of the hyperventilation observed at the transition from rest to exercise, cardiac output and ventilation changes in response to submaximal bicycle exercise given as a step function were studied in five healthy men. Cardiac output was determined non-inversively by using a type of impedance plethysmography.It was found that (1) both the cardiac output and ventilation started to increase during the first 10 sec after the start of exercise;(2) the rate of increase in the initial response was abrupt in ventilation but rather gradual in cardiac output:(3) the fast response was followed by a slow response with an exponential time course, the half response time of which ranged between 10 and 45 sec in cardiac output and between 5 and 80 sec in ventilation.The half time increased in proportion to an increase in the work rate and (4) end-tidal pressure of carbon dioxide monitored simultaneously showed a slight decrease at 10 to 15 sec after the start of exercise.It was therefore concluded from the above observation that the initial phase of the exercise-induced hyperpnea is probably of a neurogenic origin.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1579K) -
赤池 紀扶, 清原 壽一1981 年 31 巻 2 号 p. 169-179
発行日: 1981年
公開日: 2011/06/07
ジャーナル フリーThe electrogenic contribution of Na-pump to the resting potential was investigated in isolated “Na-rich” rat soleus muscles exposed to K-free medium for more than 4hr at 37°C. When the resting potentials of fibres fell to around -75mV in the K-free medium, the addition of K+ to the bathing medium evoked a transient hyperpolarization. The K+-sensitive hyperpolarization was reproducible in repeated K+ challenged at 45 or 60min cycles. The K+-sensitive hyperpolarization was completely abolished by cooling, by adding ouabain, or by substituting Li+ for Na+, and reduced by low and high pH. DNP and hypoxia had little effect on the K+-sensitive hyperpolarizations.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (849K) -
本田 良行, 林 文明, 吉田 明夫, 升田 吉雄, 佐々木 健1981 年 31 巻 2 号 p. 181-186
発行日: 1981年
公開日: 2011/06/07
ジャーナル フリーRelative contributions of chemical and non-chemical respiratory stimulations to breath-holding time (BHT) were examined in assisted (Funado) and unassisted (Kachido) breath-hold divers (Ama). In the Funado the magnitude of the chemical contribution was reduced, though statistically not significant. On the other hand, in the Kachido no difference in chemical contribution was seen from the control. This was considered to be due to the fact that ventilatory response to CO2 was reduced in the Funado, but not in the Kachido. Despite the decreased contribution of CO2 drive to BHT, absolute BHT in the Funado was not prolonged. This may be related to sensitization of the respiratory centers to non-chemical stimulation. Such adaptation would be effective for preventing the danger of losing consciousness in the Funado who face extreme hypoxia on returning to the surface from a dive.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (602K) -
升田 吉雄, 吉田 明夫, 林 文明, 佐々木 健, 本田 良行1981 年 31 巻 2 号 p. 187-197
発行日: 1981年
公開日: 2011/06/07
ジャーナル フリーThe ventilatory responses to hypoxia and hypercapnia of 5 Amas (Kachido) were compared with those of 5 controls of similar ages, physical characteristics and lung volumes. The responses to hypoxia and hypercapnia were analyzed by the equations originally proposed [a] by Lloyd et al. and [b] by Kronenberg et al. as follows:
[a] VN=(PCO2-B')·D·(1+A/PO2-C) +VB'.
[b] VN=(PCO2-B')·D·(1+R0·exp (-k·PO2)) +VB'.
The CO2-response slope in hyperoxia, D, of the Ama (1.820±0.441 liters·min-1·Torr-1) was slightly higher than that of the control (1.148±0.586 liters·min-1·Torr-1), but the difference was not significant. However, the slope of CO2-response in hypoxia at PETO2=44 Torr, S44, was almost the same in the two groups (Ama, 1.822±0.689 liters·min-1·Torr-1; control, 1.742±0.902 liters·min-1·Torr-1). The ratio of S44 to D was significantly lower (p<0.05) in the Ama (1.039±0.377) than in the control (1.529±0.249). Comparing the hypoxic response in terms of the ventilation ratio (VR), the elevation of ventilation with augmentation of hypoxia in the Ama was exceeded by that in the control.Thus, it was suggested that the difference in the ventilatory response to hypoxia between the Ama (Kachido) and the control may have been derived from the respiratory adaptation of the Ama (Kachido) acquired by their daily diving activities.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1007K) -
岡田 隆夫1981 年 31 巻 2 号 p. 199-215
発行日: 1981年
公開日: 2011/06/07
ジャーナル フリーIn the cross-circulated canine heart-lung preparation, the stroke volume (SV) or the end-systolic volume increased linearly with increasing end-diastolic volume (EDV) when the afterloading impedance was fixed.Exactly the same result was obtained in the relation between the initial length (I) and the amount of shortening (S) for the tetanic contraction of isolated frog ventricular muscle.The slope of the EDV-SV or I-S relation was less than 1.0, suggesting that a kind of depressive effect or a deactivation of contraction was working during the active shortening of cardiac muscle.The slope, which inversely reflects the degree of deactivation, slightly tended to 1.0 with decreasing load and markedly by inotropic intervention, but it was not changed by partial ischemia.The horizontal axis intercept of the EDV-SV or I-S relation, which reflects the ability of the cardiac muscle to shorten under a specified afterloaded condition, shifted to the right (the ability decreased) at a larger load or under partial ischemia but shifted to the left with inotropic intervention. The deactivation increased linearly with the amount of active shortening but no deactivation was observed when there was no active shortening or no load.The mechanism of the deactivation is not due to a shortage of active-state duration but probably due to a depressive effect on Ca2+ utilization of the contractile system during the sliding phase of myofilaments.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1735K) -
山本 哲朗, 川口 三郎, 鮫島 章郎1981 年 31 巻 2 号 p. 217-224
発行日: 1981年
公開日: 2011/06/07
ジャーナル フリーChanges in the cerebello-thalamo-cerebral projection following hemicerebellectomy were investigated in 16 rats by laminar field potential analysis of cerebello-cerebral responses in the cerebral cortex and by unitary recording of antidromic responses of cerebellar nuclear neurons to stimulation of the thalamus.In contrast to the occurence of an exclusively contralateral cerebello-cerebral response in intact rats, a significant bilateral cerebello-cerebral response could be evoked in all 8 rats hemicerebellectomized before 6 days of age (early hemicerebellectomy).On the other hand, in all 5 rats operated on at 8 to 15 days of age (late hemicerebellectomy) and in the 3 rats operated on in adulthood, the cerebellocerebral response was evoked only contralaterally just as in intact rats. Unitary recordings of antidromic responses of cerebellar nuclear neurons revealed that bilateral or ipsilateral cerebellothalamic projection neurons were remarkably more numerous in early hemicerebellectomized rats than in controls (P<0.001).Such neurons were less frequently found in late hemicerebellectomized rats, but they were still more numerous than in controls (P<0.05).Absence of the ipsilateral cerebello-cerebral response in late hemicerebellectomized rats indicates that even though bilateral or ipsilateral cerebellothalamic projection neurons may exist in these rats more numerously than in intact rats, they may not be sufficient in number or in efficiency to mediate a detectable response.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (876K) -
瀬浪 正樹, 入沢 宏1981 年 31 巻 2 号 p. 225-236
発行日: 1981年
公開日: 2011/06/07
ジャーナル フリーUsing small rabbit sino-atrial node preparations, the effects of procaine amide in concentrations from 0.01 to 2mg/ml on the membrane potentials and currents were studied by both current-clamp and voltage-clamp experiments.
Procaine amide in concentrations over 0.1mg/ml reduced the peak of the action potential, maximum diastolic potential and the maximum rate of depolarization.The action potential duration was prolonged, the resting potential was decreased and the heart rate was reduced.
In the voltage-clamp experiments, procaine amide (0.1mg/ml) reduced the slow inward current (is), the outward current (iK) and the inward current activated by hyperpolarization (ih).The major effect, however, was the reduction of the outward current.Since the degree of the steady-state activtion of iK and its time constant were unchanged, the observed reduction of iK could have been caused by a reduction of iK.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1140K) -
林 秀生, 屋井 ヒデ子, Maria J. BORKOWSKA1981 年 31 巻 2 号 p. 237-246
発行日: 1981年
公開日: 2011/06/07
ジャーナル フリーSome molluscan ganglion cells were hyperpolarized by an excess of external K, contrary to expectations by the Nernst equation. The membrane resistance of the cells was markedly decreased with the hyperpolarization.This phenomenon was considered to represent a result of the summated IPSP's elicited by the presynaptic inhibitory fibers which were primarily depolarized by high K.We examined the effect of Cd in low pH saline on the membrane potential of snail ganglion cells in order to analyze this phenomenon further.Since Cd has been reported to block Ca channels, it might prevent neurotransmitter release from the presynaptic ending.In pH8 control saline, the excess of K (22mM) caused significant hyperpolarization and an evident decrease in membrane resistance, and these changes were not modified much after 1mM Cd addition.In pH6.5 and 5 saline, the high K-induced hyperpolarization was markedly suppressed or even changed to depolarization by 1mM Cd.The resistance change was also decreased in low pH Cd saline.Cadmium exerted a greater effect at rather higher concentrations. The results obtained suggest that the high K-induced hyperpolarization is due to the release of inhibitory neurotransmitter.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1030K) -
坂田 義行, 森本 昭生, 高瀬 良孝, 村上 悳1981 年 31 巻 2 号 p. 247-257
発行日: 1981年
公開日: 2011/06/07
ジャーナル フリーThe effects of endogenous pyrogen (E.P.) injected directly into the tissue near the recording site were examined on the activities of the medullary temperature-responsive (TR) neurons in rabbits anesthetized with urethane.Endogenous pyrogen prepared from rabbit's whole blood was administered by a fine glass cannula (100-200μm in diameter) in a fluid volume of 1 to 4μl.The cannula was fixed to the manipulator in parallel with a microelectrode and their tips were less than 0.5mm apart.In rabbits with the intact preoptic/anterior hypothalamic (PO/AH) region, 4 warm-responsive neurons out of 7 were inhibited and 6 cold-responsive neurons out of 7 were excited by the direct administration of the E.P.In rabbits with lesions of the PO/AH, 5 warm-responsive neurons out of 9 were inhibited and 6 cold-responsive neurons out of 8 were facilitated by E.P.Antipyretics administered locally after the E.P.antagonized the pyretic effect, causing a return of the discharge of TR neuron to the control rate within 2.4±1.2 (mean±S.D.) min.The medullary TR neuron itself has the ability to respond to the E.P.and contributes to the development of fever.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1142K) -
只木 英子, 熊澤 孝朗, 水村 和枝, 高木 健太郎1981 年 31 巻 2 号 p. 259-267
発行日: 1981年
公開日: 2011/06/07
ジャーナル フリーSweating of symmetrical areas of the torso was measured by means of both the filter paper method and electrohygrometric method. Spontaneous sweating rates of the left and right side of the upper and lower chest and the back were statistically highly correlated.Reduction of sweating by pressure application to the unilateral subaxillary region (“pressure hemihidrosis”) was studied quantitatively with 12 combinations of pressure stimuli, i.e., 1, 2, 3 and 4kg weights applied to disks with a surface area of 2, 6 and 16.6cm2, respectively.The amount of reduction in sweating rate was proportional to both the intensity and the surface area of pressure applied.It was revealed that hemihidrotic effects induced from the unit area of pressure stimulation was statistically highly correlated to the pressure intensity.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (790K) -
高山 清茂, 三浦 光彦1981 年 31 巻 2 号 p. 269-272
発行日: 1981年
公開日: 2011/06/07
ジャーナル フリーA new method of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) neurohistochemistry using o-dianisidine (OD) as the chromogen was described.In labelling neurones of the hypoglossal nucleus in rats and cats, the new OD method was as sensitive as Mesulam's method using tetramethyl benzidine (TMB) as the chromogen.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (348K) -
的場 秀樹, 村上 悳1981 年 31 巻 2 号 p. 273-278
発行日: 1981年
公開日: 2011/06/07
ジャーナル フリーAfter cold acclimation of rats the augmentation of succinic dehydrogenase activity in the fast-twitch oxidative glycolytic (FOG) and the slow-twitch oxidative (SO) fibers was observed in entire regions of the soleus, the extensor digitorum longus, the plantaris, the longissimus and the gastrocnemius muscles.Furthermore, a tendency to increased proportion of the FOG and the SO fibers was observed more prominently in superficial regions than in deep regions of a large muscle such as the gastrocnemius muscle.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (522K) -
藤井 崇知, Donald G. BUERK, William J. WHALEN1981 年 31 巻 2 号 p. 279-283
発行日: 1981年
公開日: 2011/06/07
ジャーナル フリーThe activation energies were calculated from oxygen consumption rates obtained from oxygen partial pressure (PO2) profiles in olfactory cortical slices of guinea pig in vitro, assuming that the Krogh coefficient varied linearly over the range of investigated temperatures (19-39°C).抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (476K)
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