巻号一覧
35 巻, 2 号
選択された号の論文の13件中1～13を表示しています
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星 猛1985 年 35 巻 2 号 p. 179-191
発行日: 1985年
公開日: 2006/07/28
ジャーナル フリーRecent studies on proton-coupled transport of organic solutes in animal cell membranes were reviewed. In the intestinal and renal brush border membranes, transport of intact small peptides (di- or tri-peptides) has been established to be cotransported with H+. The peptide transport is Na+-independent, dependent on a pH gradient, electrogenic as revealed by transport-associated membrane depolarization and conductance increase, and reveals a marked overshoot uptake when a sufficiently large proton gradient is imposed across the membrane. Similar properties are found for L-lysine transport by the brush border membrane vesicles from mullet kidney and for L-leucine transport in some cultured cells. Partial involvement of H+ in Na+-dependent transport has also been reported for some organic acids, L-glutamate, and citrate. The physiological meanings of these purely H+-dependent and partially H+-dependent transports have been discussed based on available data.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1185K) -
江連 和久, 小栗 貢, 大島 知一1985 年 35 巻 2 号 p. 193-221
発行日: 1985年
公開日: 2006/07/28
ジャーナル フリーIn the encéphale isolé cat preparation the surface of precruciate cortex was electrically stimulated. Intracellular responses underneath the stimulated site were recorded to assess the vertical spread of activities across the cortical layers. 2) To the epicortical stimulation (EPICS) with intensity adjusted to evoke a pure negative wave in the direct cortical response (DCR), only some neurons in relatively superficial layers responded with excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs). 3) Stimuli intensified to evoke both the negative and subsequent positive waves in DCR produced in all tested cells either EPSPs, inhibitory postsynaptic potentials (IPSPs), or both. Direct or axonal antidromic excitation of the cell was observed only infrequently. 4) Cells with EPSPs distributed through all the layers with two peak populations in laminae II and V-VI. Those with IPSPs were located mainly in the upper half of lamina III with a few in more superficial as well as in deeper layers. Both EPSPs and IPSPs showed mono- or oligosynaptic latencies (0.6-10msec) that tended to become longer in deep than in superficial layers. 5) Some deep layer cells including fast and slow pyramidal tract cells showed slowly rising monosynaptic EPSPs of dendritic origin. 6) Further late responses consisted of EPSPs, IPSPs, disfacilitation (DF), and disinhibition (DI). DF or DI occurred in some deep layer cells. 7) Two modes of vertical spread of activities were postulated : one the cascade transmissions which increased response repertoire toward the depths, and the other the electrotonic spread of EPSPs along dendrites.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (2371K) -
江連 和久, 大島 知一1985 年 35 巻 2 号 p. 223-249
発行日: 1985年
公開日: 2006/07/28
ジャーナル フリー1) Lateral spread of activity within the motor cortex was examined by means of analyses of the direct cortical responses (DCRs) and intracellular responses to distant epicortical stimulation (EPICS) using cat encéphale isolé preparations. 2) DCRs to the EPICS at a distance of 1.5-6.5mm consisted of initial small positive (Pd) and subsequent negative waves (Nd). The reversal of polarity in depths occurred at 400-550μm for Pd′ and at 150-250μm for Nd as well as for the initial negative wave elicited by near EPICS, 3) Intracellular responses to distant EPICS consisted of excitatory (EPSP) and inhibitory postsynaptic potentials (IPSP), disfacilitation (DF), and disinhibition (DI). Depth distributions of cells with EPSPs at two peaks in laminae II and V-VI, with IPSPs mainly in lamina III, and with DF or DI in laminae V-VI were the same with those by near EPICS. The inhibitory effects of distant EPICS on middle layer cells were much greater than those by near EPICS. 4) No linear relations of the latency of EPSPs or IPSPs to the depth were seen for distant EPICS. Instead, the latency increased in proportion to the lateral distance in EPSPs at a slower rate than in IPSPs compared in superficial and middle layer cells. 5) Several routes for lateral spread of activity were postulated. Most conspicuous are the excitatory route via horizontal axons in lamina I and the inhibitory route via laterally running axons in laminae II-III, which produce overall excitation of superficial layer cells and depression of middle and deep layer cells. Their possible role in phasic cortical arousal was discussed.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (2019K) -
江連 和久, 大島 知一1985 年 35 巻 2 号 p. 251-268
発行日: 1985年
公開日: 2006/07/28
ジャーナル フリー1) Intracellular responses during phasic Electroencephalograph (EEG) arousal were recorded from 229 motor cortical neurons in the cat encephale isole preparations. Identified dominant responses were excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs) in 105 cells (E cells), inhibitory postsynaptic potentials (IPSPs) in 74 cells (I cells), disfacilitation in 48 cells (DF cells), and disinhibition in two cells (DI cells). 2) These responses were comparable with those to near or distant epicortical stimulation (EPICS). Thus, most E cells in phasic arousal were EPSP-dominant in response to near (incidence, 104/105) or distant EPICS (51/54), and only a few of the remaining were IPSP-dominant. About two-thirds of I cells were IPSP-dominant (49/74), and the remaining one-third were EPSP-dominant (25/74) to near EPICS. However, most I cells became IPSP-dominant (45/49) to distant EPICS. 3) DF and DI cells were initially EPSP- or IPSP-dominant to EPICS, but later responsive with DF in DF cells and DI in DI cells, respectively. 4) In the interaction experiments, the initial negative wave in the direct cortical responses (DCRs) or the EPSPs of dendritic origin elicited by near EPICS and the initial positive wave in DCRs to distant EPICS were all reduced during phasic EEG arousal perhaps due to the occlusion effect. 5) Common response repertoire in EEG arousal and epicortical activation may support the earlier proposed cascade transmission model of phasic EEG arousal, in which the spread of neuronal activities occurs vertically from the superficial to deep cortical layers as well as laterally along various layers.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1336K) -
江連 和久, 大島 知一1985 年 35 巻 2 号 p. 269-290
発行日: 1985年
公開日: 2006/07/28
ジャーナル フリー1) In the encéphale isolé cat preparation the cerebral peduncle (CP) and the nucleus ventralis lateralis (VL) of the thalamus were stimulated. Short-latency responses recorded from precruciate cortical neurons consisted of excitatory (EPSP) and inhibitory postsynaptic potentials (IPSP). 2) Laminar distributions of these responses and their latencies were viewed as the spatiotemporal pattern of spread of excitation and inhibition within the cortex in comparison with those obtained by epicortical stimulation (EPICS). 3) In contrast with activities by EPICS spreading downwards from superficial to deep layers, CP recurrent activities spread upwards from deep to middle or superficial layers, and those by VL afferents spread from middle to both superficial and deep layers bidirectionally. 4) These three intracortical routes shared common cell assemblies in that they received convergent EPSPs or IPSPs to various extents from different inputs. The routes for EPICS and VL inputs were overlapped particularly with abundant supply of convergence in spite of their functional difference. Relevant potentiality of the cerebral network in forming plural patterns was discussed.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1667K) -
伊藤 典子, 沢田 康文, 杉山 雄一, 伊賀 立二, 花野 学1985 年 35 巻 2 号 p. 291-299
発行日: 1985年
公開日: 2006/07/28
ジャーナル フリーExtracellular reference materials are necessary to estimate tubular transport parameters for drugs which are secreted in the kidney. They must set up the flow-limited distribution between plasma and interstitial space, not be distributed to the intracellular space, and be non-degradable in the extracellular space. The capillary permeability of various molecular weight markers in the post glomerular circulation was investigated by performing pulse-injection multiple indicator dilution experiments on isolated rat kidney, using simultaneous injection of T1824-labeled albumin (the plasma reference) and creatinine (or inulin) as the extracellular reference materials. The permeability constants and the γ values (ratio of the volume in the space of interstitium to that of capillary plasma) for creatinine and inulin were calculated by a nonlinear least squares regression. The γ values for creatinine were greater than those for inulin, implying that the volume of distribution for creatinine is different from that for inulin. The capillary permeability clearance (CLinflux) for creatinine was 4 times higher than that of inulin, and was 3 times greater than the perfusion rate. Thus, creatinine satisfies the qualification for the flow-limited distribution between plasma and interstitial space. These findings suggest that in the rat kidney creatinine is more suitable for the extracellular reference material than inulin.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (622K) -
紫藤 治, 貴舩 亮, 永坂 鉄夫1985 年 35 巻 2 号 p. 301-309
発行日: 1985年
公開日: 2006/07/28
ジャーナル フリーThe mechanisms of the hypothermic effect of angiotensin II (AII) injected into the lateral ventricle were investigated in unanesthetized rats at an ambient temperature of 18°C. Mean blood pressure (BP), heart rate (HR), metabolic rate (M), colonic temperature (Tcol), and temperatures of the interscapular brown adipose tissue (TBAT), and the tail skin (Tsk) were continuously monitored. AII at a dose of 5μg produced a sharp and marked elevation in BP accompanied by bradycardia, and a decrease of M and Tcol in the sinoaortic baroreceptor intact rats. The difference between TBAT and Tcol decreased significantly, which suggests a suppression of nonshivering thermogenesis of the BAT. Tsk was not changed by the AII injection. After sinoaortic deneravation, however, the decrease in Tcol and M with AII injection was significantly reduced despite a marked elevation in BP. In addition, intravenous arginine-vasopressin antagonist pretreatment suppressed the elevation in BP and the decrease in HR, Tcol, and M after AII injection. From these results, it is concluded that the hypothermia which occurred after AII injection into the lateral ventricle can be largely attributed to the baroreflexive suppression of M, and to some extent to the direct effect on the thermoregulatory center in rats.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (721K) -
紫藤 治, 永坂 鉄夫1985 年 35 巻 2 号 p. 311-320
発行日: 1985年
公開日: 2006/07/28
ジャーナル フリーThe effects of intraventricular neurotensin (NT) at doses of 0.1, 1.0, and 10.0μg on blood pressure (BP), heart rate (HR), heat production (M), heat loss (H), and colonic temperature (Tcol) were investigated in conscious rats in a direct calorimeter at 18 and 28°C. At 18°C, a 10.0μg of NT significantly increased BP for several minutes after injection with prolonged bradycardia. The larger two doses (1.0 and 10.0μg) significantly reduced M and Tcol. In sinoaortic denervated rats, a 1.0μg of NT elevated BP and decreased HR. The decrease in HR was significantly smaller than that in nerve intact rats, which indicates the occurrence of baroreflex with Intraventricular NT. The changes in M and Tcol in the denervated rats were, however, not statistically different from the intact rats. The barorefiexive suppression of metabolism seems to play a minimum role in the NT-induced hypothermia. H slightly increased for several minutes after central NT (1.0 and 10.0μg) and significantly decreased thereafter. Thermal conductance significantly increased for a longer period of time after NT injection. At 28°C, 1.0μg of NT increased H and M. It is concluded that central NT produced hypothermia by reducing M and enhancing H in the cool environment, but not at 28°C.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (697K) -
佐田 孝治, 二宮 石雄, 今西 薫, 岩木 康生, 白井 幹康1985 年 35 巻 2 号 p. 321-334
発行日: 1985年
公開日: 2006/07/28
ジャーナル フリーUsing X-ray angiography, the internal diameter (ID) of 31 sites of arteries in the hindlimb, i.e., the iliac, main femoral, profundal femoral, circumflex femoral, saphenous, and popliteal arteries, was measured in anesthetized rabbits. ID under the control condition was 294-1, 796μm, but was changed to 376-1, 828μm, 127-1, 914μm, and 423-2, 098μm with administration of hexamethonium bromide, noradrenaline, and phentolamine, respectively. The constrictor effects of noradrenaline and plasma catecholamine were larger in the femoral artery than in the iliac artery. At the transition site from the iliac to the femoral artery, ID per unit length increased from 190μm/10mm in the control to 320μm/10mm with noradrenaline. The constrictor effects of sympathetic nerve activity (SNA) on the profundal femoral, circumflex femoral, saphenous, and popliteal arteries varied among 19 out of 20 sites. Plasma catecholamine constricted ID at 18 sites but dilated it at 2 sites. Noradrenaline constricted ID at all 20 sites, particularly in the popliteal and saphenous arteries. It was concluded that the effects of SNA and plasma catecholamine on ID of rabbit hindlimb arteries were qualitatively and quantitatively non-uniform among different arteries and at different sites of the given artery.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1101K) -
松原 三郎, 大森 徹郎1985 年 35 巻 2 号 p. 335-341
発行日: 1985年
公開日: 2006/07/28
ジャーナル フリーRapid cooling contracture (RCC) was observed in frog toe muscles pretreated with caffeine, chlorpromazine (CPZ), or haloperidol (HPD). During rapid cooling contracture in the presence of caffeine (caffeine-RCC) tension developed to more than 0.8 of the maximum tetanic tension (P0). CPZ inhibited twitch but induced rapid cooling contracture (CPZ-RCC) between 50 and 150μM; the tension saturated at the level of 0.75 P0 at 100μM. HPD also inhibited twitch and induced rapid cooling contracture (HPD-RCC) at concentrations greater than 25 μM; the maximum tension was 0.25 P0. In the presence of dantrolene (10μM), the tension during CPZ-RCC was reduced by 40%. Procaine (0.25%) reduced the CPZ-RCC tension by as much as 60%. These results suggest that CPZ and HPD induced rapid cooling contracture by reducing Ca2+ -accumulation in sarcoplasmic reticulum.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (488K) -
松村 幹郎, 木村 久1985 年 35 巻 2 号 p. 343-354
発行日: 1985年
公開日: 2006/07/28
ジャーナル フリーThe changes in laser diffraction patterns during contraction of frog skeletal muscle are investigated under auxotonic as well as isometric conditions. Muscle fiber is connected to the double lever system of Huxley and Peachey's type so that the illuminated portion can be kept immobile during the muscle shortening. Under isometric conditions, the first order diffraction lines show rapid decrease in intensity at the start of contraction, but they stay at a nearly steady level during maintained tension. Meanwhile, noticeable changes in line width are not observed. The first order diffraction lines show further transient decrease in intensity at the onset of relaxation after the end of stimulation and then return almost to the initial resting state when relaxation is completed. These changes in diffraction lines are not obvious in sarcomeres longer than 3.3μm, where only small tensions are developed. If the muscle is allowed to shorten under auxotonic conditions, not only decrease in intensity but also expansion in width is observed. The possible origins of changes in diffraction lines are considered to be non-uniform activation in excitation-contraction coupling, in addition to the displacement, bending, or transformation of the diffractive gratings. The disordering of the sarcomere arrangements also contributes to the change in diffraction patterns during muscle shortening.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (928K) -
金子 章道, 立花 政夫1985 年 35 巻 2 号 p. 355-365
発行日: 1985年
公開日: 2006/07/28
ジャーナル フリーThe spectral sensitivities of red-, green-, and blue-sensitive cones were measured by intracellular recording in the carp retina. The responses from all cones were univariant, i.e., the waveform of a response to any wavelength and at any intensity could be superimposed on the response to other wavelengths if the intensity was properly selected. Red-sensitive cones showed a maximum sensitivity at about 620nm, green-sensitive cones at about 520nm, and blue-sensitive cones at about 460nm. The peak wavelengths and general forms of the spectral sensitivity curves agreed with those of the spectral absorption curves measured by microspectrophotometry (MSP), but the sensitivity of red-sensitive cones at both ends of the spectrum was significantly lower than the spectral absorption determined by MSP.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (816K) -
瀬山 一正, 焼広 益秀, 中嶋 暉躬1985 年 35 巻 2 号 p. 367-373
発行日: 1985年
公開日: 2006/07/28
ジャーナル フリーA new tetrahydro-β-carboline, trypargine (TRG), specifically suppresses the Na current (INa) when applied to the internal surface of the squid axon membrane without affecting the K current (IK). The binding of TRG to its receptor is potential-dependent and occurs at a site about halfway through the membrane electric field from the outside; the dissociation constant is 11μM at 0mV.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (471K)
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