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Volume 24 (2011)
- Issue 6 Pages 328-
- Issue 5 Pages 261-
- Issue 4 Pages 202-
- Issue 3 Pages 137-
- Issue 2 Pages 85-
- Issue 1 Pages 21-
Volume 24, Issue 5
Displaying 1-4 of 4 articles from this issue
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Original reseach article
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Kenji TSURUTA, Hikaru KOMATSU, Yoshinori SHINOHARA, Tomonori KUME, Ryu ...2011 Volume 24 Issue 5 Pages 261-270
Published: September 05, 2011
Released on J-STAGE: July 06, 2012
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTotal sapwood area of a stand (AS_stand) is an important factor to determine stand transpiration by scaling up from sap flux densities. AS_stand is generally calculated from all the stem diameter at breast height (DBH) using the regression equation between DBH and tree sapwood area (AS_tree) made in each stand. We collected the data of AS_tree measured in Japanese cedar (Cryptomeria japonica) and Japanese cypress (Chamaecyparis obtusa) stands, and compared the relationships between DBH and AS_tree across the stands to develop general equations for AS_tree of Japanese cedar and Japanese cypress stands. We observed no clear differences in the relationships between DBH and AS_tree across the stands. Using all the collected data, we developed the equations; AS_tree = 10.0DBH-41.5 (DBH<30 cm) and AS_tree = 19.1DBH-314.8 (DBH>30 cm) for Japanese cedar, AS_tree = 8.2DBH-27.4 (DBH<32 cm) and AS_tree = 19.1DBH-374.7 (DBH>32 cm) for Japanese cypress. Mean errors of AS_stand estimates by the equations were 5 % for Japanese cedar stands, and 8 % for Japanese cypress stands. The equations are useful for predicting AS_stand on the basis of DBH data for Japanese cedar and Japanese cypress stands.View full abstractDownload PDF (747K) -
Natsuki YOSHIKAWA, Hiroyuki ARITA, Shin-ichi MISAWA, Susumu MIYAZU2011 Volume 24 Issue 5 Pages 271-279
Published: September 05, 2011
Released on J-STAGE: July 06, 2012
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe Paddy Field Dam is a flood control measure undertaken for the purpose of alleviating flood damages using paddy fields with runoff control devices installed in drainage boxes of paddy field plots. This study attempts to estimate the social function in economic value of the Paddy Field Dam measure being practiced in Kamihayashi district, Murakami city, Niigata prefecture, and examines its technical characteristics and the future possibilities. As a result of the estimation using the replacement cost method, the value of the Paddy Field Dam project was calculated to be approximately 39,000yen/10 a/year. This value by far exceeds the income earned by farmers through the production of rice per 10 a. The characteristics of the economic effect generated by the Paddy Field Dam can be summarized as follows: 1) Controllability of the flood control effect, 2) High dependency of the effect on the surrounding environment, 3) Autonomous emergence of the effect, 4) Restriction of risk avoidance behavior of farmers, and 5) No productivity change in the rice production. It has been suggested that the strategic planning approach taking into account these characteristics is crucial for the dissemination of the Paddy Field Dam.View full abstractDownload PDF (958K) -
Yuri MICHIHIRO, Yoshinobu SATO, Yasushi SUZUKI2011 Volume 24 Issue 5 Pages 280-291
Published: September 05, 2011
Released on J-STAGE: July 06, 2012
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn the field of hydrology and water resources, river planning is performed on the basis of observation data. The determination of the long-term effect of climate change for the purpose of risk management strongly depends on the performance of the climate model used. Therefore, it is necessary to consider the reproducibility of Japanese climatology simulated by the climate models. In this study, the reproducibility of the present climate simulation over Japanese land area was tested by analyzing surface meteorological elements (e.g., precipitation) using the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 3 (CMIP3) multi-model dataset for the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Fourth Assessment Report. The result shows that the variability of precipitation and snowfall in each climate model is larger and that some models do not represent the patterns of seasonal change at all. We filtered the climate models by using data from the Japanese 25-year Reanalysis (JRA-25) and weather observation stations as a standard, and reduced the uncertainty of the prediction.View full abstractDownload PDF (1576K)
Commentary article
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Hideki KANAMARU2011 Volume 24 Issue 5 Pages 292-299
Published: September 05, 2011
Released on J-STAGE: July 06, 2012
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSClimate change is likely to bring less rainfall in the sub-tropics and affect the distribution of rainfed-suitable area, increasing the demand for irrigation water. In the dry low-latitudes, crop yield will decline while an increase of yield in mid- to high-latitudes is expected as far as mean temperature does not increase more than 2 °C. Wood production will increase in short- to mid-terms with considerable regional variations. Local extinctions of certain fish species are possible. Livestock is negatively affected by heat stress and changes in climate. In addition to mean changes in climate, changes in frequency and intensity of extreme weather events will seriously affect production of food, woods, meat, and subsequently food security. The trade of food and forest products will increase but many developing countries will further rely on food imports. Impacts of climate change on food can be dealt with, up to a few degrees Celsius temperature increase, by adaptation measures. It is necessary to promote autonomous and planned adaptation to climate change, and at the same time, to keep the temperature rise minimum by mitigation measures.View full abstractDownload PDF (546K)
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