JOURNAL OF JAPAN SOCIETY OF HYDROLOGY AND WATER RESOURCES
Online ISSN : 1349-2853
Print ISSN : 0915-1389
ISSN-L : 0915-1389
Volume 28, Issue 2
Displaying 1-6 of 6 articles from this issue
Original research article
  • Yasuhisa KUZUHA
    2015 Volume 28 Issue 2 Pages 59-71
    Published: March 05, 2015
    Released on J-STAGE: August 12, 2015
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
     We analyzed the annual maxima series of daily precipitation data for 51 meteorological observatories, each having more than 100 records. After 12 probability distributions were fitted to data, their goodness-of-fit was evaluated using the standard least-squares criterion (SLSC). The 12 probability distributions include the Lévy distribution, which has a fat tail of probability density function, and which has not been used for frequency analyses of annual maxima in the Japanese hydrological community. Some researchers have demonstrated that using more parameters of probability yields better goodness-of-fit test results. A probability distribution with fewer parameters is generally preferred. However, we sought to estimate the return period of the largest recorded daily precipitation as less than several hundred years. Therefore, we used distributions with more than three parameters, especially the Lévy distribution, which has a fat tail. We used many distributions including the Lévy distribution. Therefore, we obtained return periods of less than several hundred years for all observatories. We estimated the 120-year daily precipitation for these 51 observatories and drew a contour map.
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  • Mikiyasu NAKAYAMA , Daisuke SASAKI, Sonoko ITO
    2015 Volume 28 Issue 2 Pages 72-83
    Published: March 05, 2015
    Released on J-STAGE: August 12, 2015
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
     This study was conducted to characterize domestic and diplomatic difficulties of countries planning to commence trading of electricity. Iceland and Tajikistan are examined to highlight particular difficulties. Regarding Iceland, suspicion of public and private aluminum smelting industries and possible hikes of electricity rates constitute a major domestic issue, along with fear of foreign intervention. Tajikistan intends to boost national prestige by construction of the Rogun Dam, slated to be the tallest dam in the world. That plan irritates Uzbekistan, which assumes hegemony in the region. Iceland should assure that electricity trade with foreign countries should not engender hikes of domestic electricity prices. Transparency of information should also be assured for the conduct of the national power company. The Iceland government should avoid "politicizing" the issue: trade should be dealt with genuinely as a business matter. Tajikistan should assign priority to increased national income by selling electricity, not in boosting national prestige by the construction of a huge dam. Findings from this study suggest that governments should (a) clarify to the public what benefits might be secured by electricity trade, (b) not politicize electricity trade with foreign countries, and (c) not victimize any country in the region.
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