The iron supplied by Amur River may keep productivity in Okhotsk Sea, however, recent land use/land cover changes (LUCC) in the Amur River Basin raise the concern to the reduction of iron content transported to the sea through the river. This paper first shows the basin scale land use/land cover changes by satellite imageries, and then try to demonstrate the land use/land cover changes among paddy crop field and wetland in Sanjiang plain, China, as important area of note.
 The study uses satellite remote sensing data and China's agricultural statistics, and analyses the spatial variation of paddy field area in Sanjiang Plain.
 This study shows the distribution and variation of paddy fields in Sanjiang Plain in the 1980s and in the 2000s using China 1km land use mesh maps. The verification through the calculation of NDWI of Landsat TM data.Compared with 1980s and in the 2000s, there are Jiamusi city and Baoqing county two areas with marked increase of paddy field area. It verified the accuracy of the information of land use in 2000.
 This study uses the SPOT / VEGETATION data from 1999 to 2007 to make the spatial distribution chart of paddy field in Sanjiang Plain. The verification is conducted comparing the area of paddy field deduced from the distribution chart with the area of that calculated according to agricultural statistics.

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 Recently, a main subject of flood control measurement does not depend on dams. In the Tone river, inspection of design flood discharge is expected. Storage function method, one of the lumped rainfall-runoff models, has been used for flood control planning as a technical standard in Japan. When Catherine Typhoon attacked in 1947, there were no dam reservoirs in the upper stream of Yattajima standard point of observation, and also hydrological data were not sufficient. Based on the analysis of storage function model, we have checked how the flood risk has been reduced by dam construction work after the World War II. In this study, runoff analysis was carried out using large rainfall events which included Catherine Typhoon, and also effect of channel storage with branch river junction was estimated. The results can be summarized as follows. Rainfall distribution is influenced by geomorphologic characteristics, and then it is necessary to consider the spatial distribution of rainfall in the runoff analysis. Comparing with the peak discharge and total amount of discharge at the confluence point computed by 1D models, the effect of channel storage can be quantitatively estimated.

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 Arsenic contamination of underground water has been a serious problem in Bengal region which is composed of West Bengal of India and Bangladesh. Various alternative technologies were introduced to supply safe drinking water since arsenic contamination was discovered in West Bengal. However, the technologies were not necessarily accepted by local residents. In Bengal region, selecting drinking water source and carrying water is women's role so that it is supposed that because of some kind of cultural restrictions against women they cannot select safe water source to mitigate arsenic contamination on rational basis. A local traditional custom "Parda" is assumed to be the restriction. Because of it, women dislike to be exposed in public places where there are usually mass of unfamiliar male persons.
 In this paper, a quantitative way to evaluate women's psychological stress caused by "Parda" is proposed by employing space syntax theory. Space Syntax is developed in pragmatic architectural arena. It helps to analyze visibility of space. "Parda" is supposed to be highly related to the visibility of places where women pass when they carry water. Referring to the results of visibility analysis for two villages from Bangladesh and India, mechanisms of women's water selection are analyzed statistically with using questionnaire results. As a result, differences of water selection criteria between two villages are revealed, and it is insisted that the ways of international development aid should be differentiated depending on the regions. Ultimately, more acceptable ways to install water facilities for local people in each village are discussed.

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 Overland-flow and biomat-flow have been considered to be important pathways of catchment runoff. However, no studies have presented results of overland-flow and biomat-flow observations in moso-bamboo forests, although moso-bamboo forests are a major forest type in western Japan. To accumulate such observations, we performed overland-flow and biomat-flow observations at six and three plots, respectively, in a moso-bamboo forest situated in Fukuoka. The ratio of overland flow to rainfall ranged between 0.6 % and 35.5 %. These values were apparently lower than those observed in Japanese cypress forests, and slightly lower than those observed in Japanese cedar forests and broadleaved forests. Only a small amount of biomat flow was observed in the moso-bamboo forest. As stand properties such as stem density and root amounts vary among different moso-bamboo forests, we recommend further studies measuring overland-flow and biomat-flow in various moso-bamboo forests.

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