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Volume 45, Issue 4
Displaying 1-14 of 14 articles from this issue
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Appakkan Shajahan, Krishnan Kathiravan, Andy Ganapathi1995 Volume 45 Issue 4 Pages 413-417
Published: 1995
Released on J-STAGE: July 21, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSSuspension cultures of calli derived from hypocotyl explant of Morus alba L. var. MR2 have produced embryo like structures. Calli were induced on the semisolid MS medium supplemented with 1.0 mg/l 2, 4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2, 4-D) and 0.5 mg/l 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP). They were transferred to MS Iiquid medium with different concentrations (0.1-1.0 mg/l ) of 2, 4-D and further subcultured at weekly intervals into fresh medium. Embryo-like structures were observed at each stage of development. Cells in the suspension culture having enriched cytoplasm with prominent nuclei, divided to form filamentous structures and continuous division of these structures lead to the development of globular and heartshaped structures. Suspension medium containing 0.5 mg/l 2, 4-D was essen-tial to induce high frequencies of embryo like structures while lower (0.1-0.2 mg/l ) and higher (1.0 mg/l ) concentrations caused either root or callus formation respectivelv. . There was no further development of the heartshapedView full abstractDownload PDF (1455K) -
Youchun Li, Zhongqi Liu1995 Volume 45 Issue 4 Pages 419-423
Published: 1995
Released on J-STAGE: July 21, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe heterosis of plant height and its components of hybrid bread wheat and the effect of Rht 3 gene were investigated in this paper. The results showed that all characters of hybrids had heterosis and heterobeltiosis, but their values varied among crosses and internodes; the heterosis and heterobeltiosis of length of basal internode were larger than those of other internodes and length of spike; there were less heterosis and heterobeltiosis for all characters in the hybrids from female parents with the Rht 3 gene than those in other hybrids. The Rht 3 gene increased the effects of lengths of second and third internodes and their heterosis on plant height and changed the relationships among the components in F1 hybrid. In the combinations from Aline with the Rht 3 gene, the R Iines were much more important to determine the plant height and its components of their hybrids than A lines, and so, it was relatively easier for breeders to control these characters of hybrid vvheat.View full abstractDownload PDF (691K) -
Genetic Analysis of Plant Regeneration Ability in Cell Suspension Cultures of Rice (Oryza sativa L )Masayoshi Tsukahara, Takayasu Hirosawa, Eiko Nagai, Hiroshi Kato, Ryor ...1995 Volume 45 Issue 4 Pages 425-428
Published: 1995
Released on J-STAGE: July 21, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSGenetic analysis of plant regeneration ability in rice was studied in 14 x 14 diallel crosses using 4 japonica, 4 javanica and 6 indica varieties. Calli were obtained from mature seeds and regenerated plantlets were induced in suspension cultures. Among the 14 varities, Kele showed the highest regeneration ability. The largest number of regenerated plantlets was obtained in the F1 hybrid of Kele × Banten. No regenerated plantlet was observed in 4 parents and 8 Fls. The relationship between Vr and Wr in the lO X 10 subdiallel table suggested that there was no non-allelic interaction and that the low regeneration ability was dominant. Analysis of variance of lo ×10 diallel table showed that both additive and dominant effects were significant, and reciprocal effect was also significant. There was no significant relationship between ecospecies and above genetic properties. Among the 14 varieties, indica variety, Qing Er Ai and Kele would be useful to improve the re-generation ability, because of their significant high GCA and favorable maternal effects. Heterosis of regeneration ability in the crosses of japouica x indica, javauica x indica and their respective reciprocal crosses was higher than the crosses in japonica × japonica, japonica x javanica and javanica x japonica . There was no significant correlation (r = 0.199) between regeneration ability and shoot dry weight of each F1 hybrid, indicating that it was difficult to obtain the F1 hybrids showing high heter-osis in both characters.View full abstractDownload PDF (626K) -
Satoshi Harada, Shiro Fukuta, Hiroshi Tanaka, Yukio Ishiguro, Takahide ...1995 Volume 45 Issue 4 Pages 429-434
Published: 1995
Released on J-STAGE: July 21, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe trait of sucrose accumulation in some wild species of tomato such as L. chmielewskii. L. hirsutum and L. peruvianum is thought to be monogenic and recessive. We hypothesized that this trait may be linked to acid invertase activity, and examined the relationship between sucrose accumulation and the acid invertase gene. We pre-viously cloned a cell wall-bound form of acid invertase CDNA in tomato (L. esculentum ) fruit. As a result of PCR analysis of the acid invertase gene in L. esculentum and L. chmielewskii, a difference in amplified fragment length was detected using one pair of prim-ers. Each fragment was cloned and sequenced, identifying a difference in the sequence of the sixth (last) intron of the invertase gene. A total deletion of ll bp was found in L. chmielewskii including the continuous sequence of the 10bp long "AAAAGCITTTT". PCR analysis enabled us to characterize andView full abstractDownload PDF (1167K) -
R Mahalmgam, H. T. Skorupska1995 Volume 45 Issue 4 Pages 435-443
Published: 1995
Released on J-STAGE: July 21, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSNinety F2=3 progeny from a cross of resistant cultivar Peking and susceptible Essex and nearisogenic lines, NC55, and Lee, were employed in transmission, bulk, and segregation analyses to identify moleeular markers associated with resistance to soybean cyst nematode (SCN) race 3. SCN bioassays were performed in a greenhouse using a race 3 isolate. Progeny response to SCN was characterized by Female Index (F1). Three morphological traits, 108 restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs), and 400 random amplified polymorphic DNAS (RAPDS) were employed. The i locus for seed coat color showed highly significant association with resistance to race 3 SCN (R2 = 0.25, P = 0.0001). Two independently inherited RFLP markers, pA 136 and pA635, (linkage groups A and C, of the USDA-ARS/ISU soybean RFLP map) and three RAPD markers, EOlc (LG A), Gl5d (LG F), and S07a (LG A), explained 32.5 % of the total phenotypic variation for SCN response in F2 progeny.View full abstractDownload PDF (1731K) -
Ryo Akashi, Siegfried Lachmann, Franz Hoffmann, Taiji Adachi1995 Volume 45 Issue 4 Pages 445-448
Published: 1995
Released on J-STAGE: July 21, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSProtoplasts were isolated from suspension cells of apouuictic guineagrass (Pauicum maximum Jacq.). The suspension culture used as donor Inaterial was originally initiated from immature embryoderived embryogenic callus. Prior to protoplast isolation, suspension cells were conditioned with Murashige and Skoog (MS) Iiquid medium without sucrose and growth regulators. This pretreatment lead to a dramatic increase in protoplast yield and colony formation. Cell division and colony formation from such pretreated protoplasts were found to be best in agarose-solidified modified KM8p medium. Protoplast derived colonies developed into callus on solidified MS medium supplemented with 1 mg/l 2, 4-D. After 2 months in culture, calli formed compact white nodular structures some of which developed into somatic embryos. Although some of the somatic embryos developed small leafy structures, whole plants could not be regenerated.View full abstractDownload PDF (1553K) -
Akinori Okabe, Shinji Sakai, Akio Kikuchi1995 Volume 45 Issue 4 Pages 449-453
Published: 1995
Released on J-STAGE: July 21, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn order to develop soybean (Glycine max (L.)Merr.) cultivars res.istant to seed coat cracking, efficient and reliable selection methods were examined. The incidence of seed coat cracking is strongly influenced by environmental factors, consequently it. is difficult. to est.imate the gonetic components of resis tance under natural conditions. Pod removal treatment has been applied to evaluate seed coat cracking. This method results in enlarged seeds of remaining pods and increases the incidence of sccd coat cracking Consoquently, cultivar differenccs are enhanced, which improves the evaluation of t.he characteristic. But the method is t.edious and restricts the number of cultivars or lines that can be t.ested if it. is done b.v hand. We attempted to develop a more cfficient testing method using a growth regulator.View full abstractDownload PDF (745K) -
Nobuaki Asakura, Shuji Misoo, Osamu Kamijima, Minoru Sawano1995 Volume 45 Issue 4 Pages 455-459
Published: 1995
Released on J-STAGE: July 21, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSChromosome constitution was studiod in plants regenerated from cultured hypocotyl tissue of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum L.). A majority (8.5.3 % ) of the rcgenerants from the apical end of hypocotyl pieces. were diploids. On the other hand, a high level (67.9 %) of pol.vploidy and mixoploidy was found among the regenerants from t, he basal end. The basal end contained, on average, 14 pg of IAA per hypocotyl piece, while no IAA was detected in the apical end. Only dip]oids were regenerated from the basal end on medium supplemented lvith kinetin. These results suggest 1) a high amount of endogenous auxin resulted from the basipetal polar transport plays a role in the induction of polyploidy and 2) kind of exogenous cytokinin affects the frequency of polyploidization in the presence of auxin. Structural aberrations (deletions) were detected in satellito chromosomes Our results suggest the usefulness of hypocotyl tissues for in, vitro production of plants with normal chromosome constitution in tomato.View full abstractDownload PDF (1171K) -
Jianmin Wan, Hiroshi Ikehashi1995 Volume 45 Issue 4 Pages 461-470
Published: 1995
Released on J-STAGE: July 21, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe presence of semi-sterile panicles in Indica-Japonica crosses of rice is due to an allelic interaction at a gamete abortion locus, S-5 on ( hromosome 6 The S 5 n allcle s referred to as wide compatibility gene" (WCG), since one of the parents carrying this allele does not show hybrid sterility in the Fl' However. Ketan Nangka, which is a donor of S-5 n, sholved typical h.vbrid sterility when it was crossed to local varieties from Taihu Lake, such as Fengjingdao and Feilaifeng, as weil as to those from Yun-nan Provinco, sueh as Dabai, Luanjiaolong and Xiaobaigu. A new locus for the sterilitv in the hvbrid between Ketan Nangka and the local varieties was detected near the Est-5 locus on Chromosome 1, and designated as S-16 following our recent report.s on S-7, S-8 . S-9 and S-15 .View full abstractDownload PDF (1069K) -
Tsuneo Kato, Akihiro Sasaki, Genkichi Takeda1995 Volume 45 Issue 4 Pages 471-477
Published: 1995
Released on J-STAGE: July 21, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSthe genetlc variation ' grain and malt In (1-3, 1-4)-β-D-glucan ("β-glucan") contents malt (1-3, 1-4)-β-D-glucanase (EC 3. 2. 1. 73) (β-glucanase") activity, and the relationship between these characteris-tics and malting quality. Althoutgh the malt β-glucan content showed wide variations, few varieties and lines exhibited a malt β-glucan content lower than that of the high quality variety Mikamo golden. Grain β-glucan content and β-glucanase activity were significantly correlated with the malt β-glucan content. Many varieties and lines displayed a low grain β-glucan content or high β-glucanase activity. Therefore it may be possible to reduce the malt β-glucan content by improving the grain β-glucan content and β-glucanase activity genetically. Grain and malt β-glucan contents of waxy varieties were conspicuously higher than those of the non-waxy varieties.View full abstractDownload PDF (836K) -
Minoru Nishimura1995 Volume 45 Issue 4 Pages 479-485
Published: 1995
Released on J-STAGE: July 21, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe analysis of segregation for cool tolerance at the booting stage I was conducted using F2 populations derived from a half diallel cross among seven rice cultivars ; Hayayuki (cool tolerance:highly tolerant), Sorachi (tolerant), Hayakogane (tolerant), Ishikari (moderately tolerant), Yukara (intermediate), Norin 20 (moderately sensitive) and Toyohlkari (sensitive). 10reover, F3 progenies between Hayayuki and Norin 20 were also analyzed. Cool lvater irrigation method lvas applied to evaluate the degree of cool tolerance. The results of F2 analysis indicated that 1) the difference in cool tolerance between Hayayuki and the other four cultivars, Sorach.i, Hayakogane. Ishikari and Yukara, was due to the difference in one dominant gene, 2) of these four cultivars orLly Hayakogane has a multiple allele to the incomplete, dominant gene harboured by the other three cultivars, 3) Norin 20 and Toyohikari do not harbour any major genes for cool tolerance.View full abstractDownload PDF (873K) -
Masaya Fujita, Yoshinori Taniguchi, Kazuto Ujihara1995 Volume 45 Issue 4 Pages 487-491
Published: 1995
Released on J-STAGE: July 21, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSEarly maturity has been one of the major breeding objectives in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in the south-western part of Japan, because this trait is desirable for double cropping with summer crops such as rice, and for avoiding pre-harvest sprouting which often occurs in the rainy season. However, early maturing cul-tivars usually belong to the spring type which is ptone to frost damage in early sprin.g because of the earliness in ear primordia initiation and stem elongation. The relationship between ear primordia initiation, young Panicle length, stem elongation and heading traits, i.e. vernalization requirement, photoperiodic response and narrow-sense earliness, was assessed for 32 cultivars and lines. Date of the beginninb" of stem elongation, which was defined as the time when the main stem length reached 20 mm, and young panicle length at that time were estimated using an, exponential curve based on the records made at an interval of two weeks.View full abstractDownload PDF (740K) -
Kaoru T. Yoshida, Ritsuko Mizobuchi-Fukuoka, Makoto sakata, Genkichi T ...1995 Volume 45 Issue 4 Pages 493-496
Published: 1995
Released on J-STAGE: July 21, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDifferential expression of glycoproteins during somatic embryogenesis and organogenesis (formation of adventitious shoots) in rice calli was investigated by lectin staining after twodimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (2D-PAGE). Several embryogenesis-specific and organogenesis-specific glycoproteins were detected by staining with Concanavalin A (Con A). Affinity chromatography on Con Aagarose was performed to concentrate embryogenesis-specific glycoproteins, and 18 glycoproteins specific to embryogenesis were detected. Based on their pl values and MWs, 13 glycoproteins were newly detected after concentration by affinfty chromatography on Con Aagarose. It is suggested that affinity chromatography on a lectin-conjugated support enables to concentrate regeneration-related glycoproteins that are present at low levels.View full abstractDownload PDF (1137K) -
Yasuo Kowyama, Atsusi Morikami, Tomoko Furusawa, Tsukaho Hattori, Kenz ...1995 Volume 45 Issue 4 Pages 497-501
Published: 1995
Released on J-STAGE: July 21, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA CDNA clone, ISP11, that exhibits a specific expression in the stigma and pollen has been isolated from a CDNA library constructed for poly(A)+ RNA from mature stigma of lpomoea trifida . The cDNA with a length of 1037 nucleotides excluding poly(A) tail codes for a predicted polypeptide containing 201 amino acid residues and with a molecular mass of 22.8 kilodaltons. The hydropathy profile suggests that the polypeptide is a water-soluble protein without a signal sequence on the amino terminus. A computer search of sequence database failed to reveal any significant homologies with known molecules. RNA gel blot analysis showed that gene expression of ISP11 was developmentally regulated along with the progress in flower bud growth. Southern hybridizations of genomic DNA to ISP11 probe indicated that the ISP11 gene is present as a single copy in the haploid genome and is not linked to the self-inconrpatibility locus. These facts suggest that the ISP11 protein plays a general role in pollen germination and/or the resulting process of fertilization, rather than in self-recognition associated with the self-incompatibility of I. trifida .View full abstractDownload PDF (1010K)
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