Heritabilities and genetic correlations with respects to 10 yield and quality characters were computed for 76 F5 Iines derived from the F4 bulk population of a Japonica × lndica hybrid. The characters could be freely recombined with the exception that selection for an Indica-like grain shape reduced reserve starch content in the stems.
The kernel color of normal chestnuts is generally observed to be buff or creamy yellow, but a kernel character called orange kernel has appeared in the nuts of several varieties in Japanese chestnut cultivars (Castanea crenata Sieb. et Zucc.). The occurence of this character is expressed phenotypically only when a gene is in homozygous condition. All seedlings derived from orange-kernel chestnuts showed albino character under the day-light condition, but these seedlings under the low light intensity (400 Lx.) developed light-green leaves.
The greater the rate of conversion of starch to sugar the variety had, the more frost resistant it was. By the histochemical observations there was no varietal differentiation of activity of amylase and phosphorylase in the tissues of stems. These enzymes by which starch should be converted to sugar distributed in the cytoplasm near the cell wall during the increase of frost resistance.
Three male sterile cytoplasms of common wheat were tested with respect effects on six quantitative characters. Besides the general effect of Aegilops ovata and timopheevi cytoplasms on heading date, plant height or dry matter, the specific interaction the cytoplasm and nucleus was recognized.
The experiment was carried out to study the morphological and histochemical changes of the floral organs during the growth in Brassica. The following results were obtained : (1) The rapid elongation of stamen and filament was observed. (2) Histochemical reactions (PAS, Brachet and protein reactions) were the strongest at the flowering time.
Mass-selections for either one of high root weight or sugar content frorn three populations of sugar beets irradiated with high dose level by <137>Cs revealed that the negative genetic correlation between these characters was diminishable to a certain extent.
Male sterile mutants were induced by gamma irradiation in a diploid monogerm strain with N cytoplasm. Cytoplasmic inheritance was demonstrated in the induced male sterility. A single gene which h as a linkage relation with the gene m for the monogerm character, was responsible for the pollen restoration interacting with a new cytoplasmic factor. The cytological evidence indicated that the abnormality of anther tapeturn and microspores are in accordance with those in the cytoplasmic-genetic male sterility. It is possible that the induced male sterility originated from a mutation of the cytoplasmic factor after gamma irradiation.
Obtaining linear combination of measurements of organisms traits, which maximizes genetical variability over phenotypic one, coincides with calculating a set of first canonical variates between genotypic and phenotypic vector variate, and then square of canonical correlation is heritability of the linear combination.