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Volume 5, Issue 2
Displaying 1-13 of 13 articles from this issue
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Kojiro KAWAKAMI, Akiyasu TAKAYAMA1955 Volume 5 Issue 2 Pages 69-74
Published: October 20, 1955
Released on J-STAGE: May 16, 2008
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Yoshio WATANABE, Koichiro MUKADE, Syozo SAITO1955 Volume 5 Issue 2 Pages 75-86
Published: October 20, 1955
Released on J-STAGE: May 16, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe present writers attempted to synthesize 6x amphidiploids with the similar genome constitutions. AAGGDD, to the common wheats. AABBDD, by the artificial hybridization between Triticune Timopheevi ZHTJK. (AAGG, 2 n = 28) and Aegilops squarrosa L. (DD, 2n=14) as one of the means to obtain the sources of resistance to leaf-rust in wheats. By applying 0.05% colchicine solution to the F1 seeds obtained, 152 amphidiploids in addition to one haploid plant were obtained successfully, although the appearance df the haploid plant was contrary to our expectations. The chro.mosome association and the fertility of F1s and amphidip.loids were shown in Table 13 in comparison with the results of MCFADDEN et SEARS (1947). Laggards and bridges were frequently observed both at Ist and 2nd anaphase or telophase in Fls and amphidiploids.As a result of such irregularities in meiosis, in Fls there appeared triads, tetrads with micronuclei, and polyads such as pentads, hexads and heptads, above all pentads and hexads being observed domparatively frequently.View full abstractDownload PDF (1814K) -
Yasuto TOMINAGA1955 Volume 5 Issue 2 Pages 87-89
Published: October 20, 1955
Released on J-STAGE: May 16, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS(1) The writer studied on the developmental process and the pyrethrin content of the oilgland and secretory duct in'Chrysalcthemum cinerariaefolium VISIANI. (2) The oilgland is formed by division of one epidermiscell. That is, this epidefrnis cell grows up to be the oilgland mother cell, then this mother cell differentiaies into eight oilglands and two stalk cells after continous divisions. At the same time the epidermis mernbrane covering the oilgland expands remarkably as both these glands and cells reduce in their size. Thus the oil chamber is formed and resinous substances are accumulated in it. (3) The secretory duct is the intercellular. space which was formed between parenchmatous cells along the vascular. The ducts arise mainly in the ovary wall. There is a positive correlation between the number of secretory ducts and the pyrethrin content. It seems possible, therefore, that the pyrethrin content is forecast by observing the quantity of resinous substances in ducts.View full abstractDownload PDF (947K) -
Hiko-Ichi OKA, Kuo-Hai TSAI1955 Volume 5 Issue 2 Pages 90-94
Published: October 20, 1955
Released on J-STAGE: May 16, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS1. In the same manner as m other cereals, germination of newly harvested rice seeds was promoted by removing the hull or by cutting the endosperm;. and after-ripening or the break-down of dorniancy was found to be more rapid under higher temperatures, though the moisture content of the seeds showed, unlike in other cereals, no important relation to after-ripening. 2. In some varieties, dor.mant seeds tended to germinate under relatively high temperatures; while in other varieties under relatively low temperatures. These two types of temperature response were found to be predominant in the Continental and Insular variety groups respectively. 3. A marked difference was found among varieties in the degree of dormancy in fresh seeds harvested 30-35 days after anthesis. Varleties sho wing strong dormancy tehded to be '1argler in number in the Insular group than in the Continental group. 4. When seeds of different varieties were stored under the same conditions, their life or the period of maintaining germinating capacity tended to be. longer in varieties of the Continental group thaxl in those of the Insular group.View full abstractDownload PDF (818K) -
Michio SUZUKI1955 Volume 5 Issue 2 Pages 95-99
Published: October 20, 1955
Released on J-STAGE: May 16, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe present writer made observations on the external characteristics and the meiotic divisions of one line ("Triticale 1055") of wheat-rye amphidiploids which was derived from crossing the Russian Triticale (Triticale C) with a Swedish wheat varieThe results obtained are ty (MtONTZING 1939). summarized as fllows : 1. The general external appearance of Triticale resembles much more to T. vulgare than to S. cereale as shown in Table 1. 2. The test of crbssability among T, vulgare, S. cereale and Triticale, as shown in Table 2, resulted in better seed setting in the case of Triticale was crossed by T. vulgare as the male parent as well by S. cereale than the even reciprocal cases. . In addition to this, through the seed-setting test, wheat-rye amphidiploid is shown to be self fertile as in T. vulgare whereas S, cereale is self-sterile (Table 3. ). 3. The results which were similar to the crossing test were obtained in pollen germinatio, n tests using the stigmata (Table 4). 4. According to the inoculation experiments of uredospores on leaves, as shown in Table 5, it can be considered that the fungus parasitic on wheat is also the same parasitic on Triticale. 5. The chromosome riumbers of the somatic cells in four Triticale individuals (C 3, C 7, D 24, D 30) were determined to be 56 as shown in Figs. l-4. Some irregular behaviors as shown in Table 6 and Figs. 5-13 were also found in the meiotic phase of pollen mother cells.View full abstractDownload PDF (746K) -
Moto-oki NAKAGAWA1955 Volume 5 Issue 2 Pages 100-106
Published: October 20, 1955
Released on J-STAGE: May 16, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSFusaarial head blight, caused chiefly by Gibberella Saubindtti, (Mont.)Sacc. has been on, e of the most distructive diseases of the wheat in Tokai-Kinki districts. No. I (AAbbCC), wichita (AABBCC), Shinchunaga The work to breed. new resistant varieties has been continued in National Tokai-Kinki Agricultural Experiment Station, in Japan. Ear-Scab resistance in 7 varieties, Saitama No. 27 (aaBBCC), Ejima (aabbCC), Norin No. 26 (aaBBcc), Norin50(AAbbcc), and Norin No 12 (AABBCC), were tested for reaction to fusarial head blight in the field, both under natural conditions and artificially sprayed with a suspension of spores and hyphae of the blight fungus. The percentage of diseased heads of the varieties in the "variety test" was determined shortly before maturity (at dough stage), when the effect of the diseased was still clearly visible. As to the "seedreaction ", the plants were harvested and threshed individually, and. the percentage of diseased kernels was determined by actual count. Thus the percentages of blighted beads; and spikelets and the percentage of blighted seeds wer compared under a given set of conditions. Blighted kernal grades were also tested, compairing the percentage of healthy, imperfect, and diseased kernels on spike accoding to diffcrent variets. The results obtained are as follows :View full abstractDownload PDF (982K) -
Moto-oki NAKAGAWA1955 Volume 5 Issue 2 Pages 107-109
Published: October 20, 1955
Released on J-STAGE: May 16, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSH. RAISTRICK tested alchohol fermentation by .using 23 species of Fusarium and concluded that " the main biochemical characteristic of species of Fusarium is that, Iike the Saccharomyces, they give rise to large amounts of alcohol from giucose ". Author tested produced alcohol by using the EarScab infected spikelets (glume and kernel) of wheat varities, Nrin Nos. 32 and 34. Quantitative determinatiori of alcohol was followed by the method of K2Cr2O7. Results obtained are shown in Table 1l. The author used the Ear-Scab resistant varieties, Shinchunaga and susceptible one, Norin No. 12. At the beginning of fioweting of spikelets were taken away from the rachis. The rachis were put into a test tube and covered with cotton at the mouth .and sealed with paraffin and the translocating juice from the rachis was collected in the test tube. Sample juice was poured into a test tube which cultured Fusarium fungus purely. 5cc of the fungus mixed juice was used as fermentation tnaterial. Warburg apparatus was used as fermentation apparatus for the test of alcohol produced by the fermenting material at 27'C for 3 days, and the amount Of alcohol from the fermentation was measured by the method of K2Cr2O7.0. 2cc. of toluene was poured into the fermenting materials before fermentation. Results are shown in Table 2.View full abstractDownload PDF (659K) -
Kan-Ichi SAKAI1955 Volume 5 Issue 2 Pages 110-114
Published: October 20, 1955
Released on J-STAGE: May 16, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIt has often been suggested by several gerleticists that the potentiality in hybrid populations to segregate superior yielders in later generation could be detected by examination of the yields of the. F2 or F3 populations. But it has been demonstrated by others that this does not always hold true. In, this paper a theoretical approach is made to that problem. Suppose at first the simplest case where the expression of a character which we are going to select is neither influenced by any environmental condition nor by any non-additive gene effect. In such cases, the mean value of the character of a hybrid population would reasonably represent an estimate of the additively genetic mean of the population and the mean. square would provide an estimate of the additively genetic variance. If individuals of such a population are distributed normally regarding the measurements x, with mean at x and variance (r2 we can transform x to a variate u, with unit variance and mean at zero. That is, u=(x-x)'1, ' (See Figure I in the text). If we select a definite proportion of superior individuals which are included in the shaded area A in Fig. l, the selec. ti;on, differential expressed in the standard deviati.on.Ican be computed asView full abstractDownload PDF (707K) -
Kiyoshi YAMAMOTO1955 Volume 5 Issue 2 Pages 115-118
Published: October 20, 1955
Released on J-STAGE: May 16, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS( 1 ) Crossing 22 flowers of Vicia sativa with pollen of V. angustifolia, 3 pods containing 14 seeds in total were obtained. The size of seeds obtained was somewhat smaller than those of the parents, and the numbers of days ne.cessary for germination were larger to some extent than those of the parents. ( 2 ) In F1, the type of branching, colour of stems and shape of leaflets in the main stem resembled the father plant, while the length of internodes, the shape and colour of stipules and petioles, the shape of leaflets in the lateral stems, the colour and hair of leaflets, the length and colour of tendrils and the colour of petals were inter mediate between the parents. ( 3 ) In F1 the plant heights were intermediate between the parents 'and the number of branches resembled the father Dlant in November. But in the next April the plant heights were similar and the number of branches more numerous compared with parents. The tirnes of blooming and the maturity of seeds were later by 12 and 6-10 days respectively than the parents. ( 4 ) In the parents and F1, the chromcsome numbers in root tips were 12, and at IM of PMC 6 bivalents were observed and the meiosis proceeds on normally. ( 5 ) The percentage of normal pollen grains were ca. 70-84% in the parents, but ca. 8-10 in F1 The size of pollen grains was similar to those of the parents but it was smaller in F1 ( 6 ) The percentage of the number of seeds to that of ovules per pod were ca. 73-79 in the parents and ca. 16-23 in F1 showing lower fertility.View full abstractDownload PDF (850K) -
Tuyohiro Tozu1955 Volume 5 Issue 2 Pages 119-122
Published: October 20, 1955
Released on J-STAGE: May 16, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS1. The role of the age of wheat (Triticum vulgare) flowers in the crosses with rye (Secale cereale) pollen was studied in four wheat varieties in regard to the % of grain set, % of grain germination and the amount of the development of grains. 2. The function of ovules was kept as far as 9-13 days after the emasculation in different varieties. 3. In a tariety (Honkei No. 124) that showed low % of grain set, no difference of grain set was observed in connection with the age of flowers, while in all other three varieties, Norin No. 68, awnless Hiraki and Nisimura, a higher % of grain set was seen and a considerable diffeirence of grain set was found according to the age of flowers. 4. In Norin No. 68, awnless Hiraki and Nisimura, the germination of graihs was the highest when the flowers were pollinated 1 or 2 days after the emasculation. It became lower when the pollination was made for older flowers. 5. The weight df grain, which may show the amount of the development of grain, was the largest when the pollination was made ca. 2 days after the emasculation. 6. The percentage of the sudcess of wheat-rye crosses was highest when the wheat flowers were pollinated with rye pollen 1 or 2 days after the emasculation. 7. The most favourable age of wheat ovules in the crosses with rye pollen is 1 or 2 days after the emasculation.View full abstractDownload PDF (559K) -
Masaru OKA, Tadaomi TOKITSU, Yozo MURAOKA1955 Volume 5 Issue 2 Pages 123-126
Published: October 20, 1955
Released on J-STAGE: May 16, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe inheritance of the quantitative characters were studied on the early segregating generations of two tobacco crosses. Observations recorded on each plant were leaf shape, number of leaves, days to flowering a, nd plant height. F1, F2, B1 and B2 populations of cross I, Nambu (air cured type) XBright Yellow (flue cured type), and cross II, Oxford (flue cured type) XBright Yellow, together with their 'respective parents were planted in a randomized block with three replicates. Heritability value and dominance for each character and correlation were calculated by arithmetical scale. Heritability value of each characters estimatedi were large on an average, especially the value of leaf shape, 0. 62, was almost similar to the results. of other crosses. The leaf shape was not correlated with any other characters while the number of leaves was considerablly correlated with the days. to flowering. Each characters except the leaf shapeand plant height in cross 11 represented the heterosis. Considering these results, the selection method of these characters was discussed.View full abstractDownload PDF (676K) -
Tsutsumi NAGAMATSU, Hajime IKEDA1955 Volume 5 Issue 2 Pages 127-130
Published: October 20, 1955
Released on J-STAGE: May 16, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn order to elucidate the authors' supposition that the phenomenon of degeneration of some varieties might dccur even on such self-pollinating plant as rice or wheat, when propagation continued for long generation, they compared the degree of heterosis between inter-plant crossing and intra-plant crossing with three leading varieties, which appeared in different ages, namely Bantoshinriki(80 years old), Asahi (50 years old) and Norin No. 18 (10 years Old). The seeds. were abundantly obtained in bcth cases by hot water emasculation method. The experiments were repeated in two seasons. The comparative data concerning meangrain weight and yield are cornpiled in table I. The results obtained are summarized as follows : No significant difference was obtained in mean grain weight and data of heading, expression of heterosis about growth and yield, that is, plant height, number of tillers, Iength of leaf sheath and leaf blade and wei.ght of ears per plant were dif. ferent among three varieties, although they are not so distinct as observed in such cross-pollinating plants as corn or rye. It is concluded that the phenomena of haterosis more st, ronger in older varieties than in younger variety. Some consideration on the degeneration of variety is briefly discussed.View full abstractDownload PDF (692K) -
Jukyu CHO1955 Volume 5 Issue 2 Pages 131-148
Published: October 20, 1955
Released on J-STAGE: May 16, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (3327K)
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