Chrysanthemin, karacyanin and cyanin occurred variously in the colored vegetative organs in Oryza glaberrima, O. perennis, O. granulata, O. officinalis, O. cubensis and O. sativa var. spautanea (with exceptions). Chrysanthermin and keracyanin occurred in O. sativd, O. minuta. O. eichingeri and O. formosana. Keracyanin alone was found in O. latifolia. Co-occurrence of chrysanthemin and keracyanin in a single colored part was most frequent in the wild species, and that of chrysanthemin, keracyanin and cyanidin in the colored Japanese varieties examined. Cyanin was found to occur frequently in the wild species but not in the colored Japanese varieties. Co-occurrence of free aglycone was frequently observed in the colored Japanese varieties but almost entirely absent in the wild species. A discussion was given on the evidences that in the known genomes in Oryza. AA, CC, BBCC, CCDD, and EE are invariably equipped with the genic system of anthocyanin synthesis to yield the color at particular parts in the plant.

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The shape, color and weight of seeds of “Wan-gul” cultivated in Korea were investigated in 382 varieties of Cyperus lwasakii M. and in 3 of C. glomerratus L. The shape of seed, showing an oval differing in degree, was clearly shown by the seedtype index seed length/ (.seed width) x 100). Thus the difference in the shape of seed between C. I. and C.g. as well as the difference between varieties was made clear. The color of seed of almost all of the varieties belonging to C. I. was brownish, but some varieties showed yellow color. In all of the varieties belonging to C. g. color of seed was gray. The weight of one liter of cleaned seeds was 502 g (481∼575 g) in coarse state in C. I. and in C.g. rt was 359 g (326∼372 g). In compact state, however, the weight was 644 g (578∼677 g) in C. I. and 519 g (477∼554 g) m C g. The number of one g cleaned seeds was 23, 673 (19630∼26, 067) in C.I. and in C.g. it was 24, 366 (22, 842∼26, 216). Thus it was clearly shown that seed-size of the two spe cies was smaller than that of tobacco.

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Part 2 considers the problem with the linkage and the epistasis excluded in Part 1. The general sto chastic model of genetic structures with the linkage and the epistasis is described ; and the joint distri butions of random variables related to this model, particularly genic random variables, are explained in detail, since this is required to deal with the stochastic model.

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This report concerns the result of observations during 1950∼1960 on interspecific hybrids (F₁ and F₂) obtained fram 11, 505 crosses between n=10 group (Brassica campestris) and n=9 group (B. oleracea) with the purpose of synthesizing a new type of Napus. Five interspecific hybrids were obtained as shown in Tables 3 and 4. Two were obtained from bud pollination in 1952 and the other two wete from the double pollination method in 1957 and the last one was obtained by means of a dead pollen mixture pollination in 1957. The author assumes that vital or dead pollen of the mother plant on its stigma must be stimulant in pollen germination and their tube elongation when interspecific crossing occurs. F₁ hybrids were named CO-1, -2, -3, -4 and -5. Chromosome numbers of CO-1∼-4 were all 2n=19 and CO-5 was 2n=29 (Figs. 1, 7, 8, 9 and 13, Photoes. 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5) . The former were derived from conjugation of chromosomes of the parents (n=10 and n=9), and the latter from conjugation of 20 chromosomes from 4X mother plant and 9 chromosomes from 2X father plant.

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Existence of selective fertilization in Chinese cabbage and its dependency essentially on compatibility between varieties were previously reported (Murakami, 1964 ) . With a view to seek, in detail, the mechanisms involving selective fertilization in this crop, another series of experiments were conducted. The methods used for this purpose were different artificial mix-pollinations and the subject materials being Kashin and Matsushimashin No. 2, the two of the flve varieties which were included in the previous trials. When a pollen mixture of the above two varieties was used on Kashin (seed parent), the results of studies in its progeny revealed that inter-varietal hybrids originated predominantly from the basal portion of a pod rather than its upper portion (Table 1). This suggested that the pollen growth of Matsushimashin No. 2 was perhaps faster than that of Kashin. However, in another experiment where styles were cut off at definite intervals after mixpollinations, the results of studies in their subsequent progenies revealed no significant differences among the frequencies of inter-varietal hybrids in the tested cases (Table 2) . In yet another experiment with dual pollinations, the frequncies of intervarietal hydrids in the progenies of some plants of Kashin, contrary to expectations, were found to be almost constant (Fig. 1).

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In order to obtain some useful information about the breeding of a resistant variety of sugar beet to leaf-spot disease (Cercospora beticola), the authors have been carring out several experiments since 1958. The results obtained, up to 1962, are summarized as follows. 1) The resistance of sugar beet plants to leafspot disease usually varied according to the respective plant age, viz., plants in the early half of the growing stage were tnore resistant to leaf-spot disease than older ones in latter half growing stage. 2) It was experimentally observed in the field that climatic conditions played an important roll in the prevalence of leaf-spot disease. Resistance to leaf-spot disease generally declined when sugar beets are grown at higher temperatures (above 27°C) and high humidity (above 90%).3) Significant pathogenetic differences were observed among the isolates from various locations in Japan. However, no consistent relationships could be ascertained between pathogenicities and charac teristics of development on artificial medium.

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The authors compared the efficiency of mass selection and mother line selection for root weight and sucrose content using Donyu No. 2 orignal seed population. The ellipsis of equal probability deviation with P=0.05 was applied to the Donyu No. 2 population, and the mother lines out of ellipsis were selected at each quadrant as genetically superior lines, and were synthesized as a new population M, L and K respectively. Our experimental results showed no significant. difference between the original and mass selection population. The new synthetics M, L and K were significantly superior to the original population in root yield, but the same in sucrose content.

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Both Pelarganium roseum WILLD. and P. denticulatune JACQ, are priginally sterile, but their artificially induced tetraploids can produce fertile pollen and bear good seeds (Tamai et al., 1958, 1963). One hundred and sixty-four flowers of tetraploid P. roseum were pollinated with pollen from tetraploid P. deleticulatum, and 31 mature seeds were obtained (Tab. 1). 19 seeds were sown and two interspecific hybrids were raised (Tab. 2). In this paper, various plant characteristics were compared between the hybrids, and the parental tetraploid species. (In the following paragraphs, “tetraploid P. roseum” and “tetraploid P. delticulatum” are referred briefly as “P. roseum” and “P. denticulatum”, respectively. ) The original somatic chromosome number of diploid P. deleticulatum is 88 and of diploid P. roseum 77, thus their induced tetraploids being about 176 and 154, respectively. The somatic number of the hybrid determined was about 165 (Fig. 1).

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In a previsus paper (Kondo and Mizushima, 1964) the authors suggested that an Indian variety “Surjamkhi” has a doubled C-loci, having two douninant C-gene, C^B₁ and C^B₂, each of which is located in a different chrmosome. In this paper further evidence (for the fact) is given from the results of testcrosses made between the pragenies (F₃ and F₅) of the cross, Surjamkhi (C^B₁C^B₂AP) xNorin No. 1 (C^BA^aP), and some tester varieties of known genotype. Each plant was randonily taken from five colorless F₃ Strains and crossed with two tester varieties. From the phenotype of the F₁ hybrids as well as from the mode of segregation in their F₂ strains it was proved that all the parental F₃ Plants lacked the dominant P-gene and two of them dominant A-gene and had either the genbtype C^B₂AP^- or C^B₂A^-P^-Here A^- or P^- represents the lack of dominant A-or P-gene respectively, which had been contributed to the hybrids from both sides of the parental varieties, Surjamkhi and Norin No. 1. Five plants randomly taken from five colored F₅ strains were crossed with another tester variety. The result showed that the gametes from the F₅ plants were either of three genotypes, C^BC^B₁AP, C^BA^aP or C^BAP. The authors refer to the mechanism that causes the lack of dominant P- and A-gene in the hybrids elsewhere. However, the occurrence of F₃ plants having the second C-gene (C^B₂) of Surjarnkhi and of F₅ gametes with the genotype C^B₁C^BAP confirmed in the present experiment is considered to afford clear evidence for the existence of doubled C-loci in Surjamkhi. Since Surjamkhi has been identified to be C^B₁C^B₂AP, the question as why don't such segregants show the phenotype of C^B₂AP appear in F₂ Surjamkhi x Norin No, 1 naturally arises. As a brief discussion we concluded from the present results that perhaps it might be due to a lack of the dominant P-gene and presented no effect of C^B-gene, making identification difiicult.

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