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Volume 46, Issue 4
Displaying 1-15 of 15 articles from this issue
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Perumal Venkatachalam, Adaikalam Subramaniampillai, Narayanasamylpilla ...1996 Volume 46 Issue 4 Pages 315-320
Published: December 01, 1996
Released on J-STAGE: July 21, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSCallus induction and morphogenesis. from different groundnut explants were tested on MS salts supplemented with B5 vitamins, different concentrations and combinations of IAA, NAA. IBA, KIN and BAP. The explants were hypocotry, epicotyl, axillary bud, cotyiedonary node, immature leaf and immature embryos. The frequency of callus induction increased with increasing concentrations of auxins, the optimal levels being 3.0 mg/l of IAA or NAA and 0.5 mg/l of KlN. Among the explants, immature leaf was found to be most efficient explant in producing callus. Shoots were induced from callus cultures of hypocotyl, epicotyl, axillary bud, cotyledonary node, immature leaf and immature embryos with varying frequencies in the medium containing IAA or NAA (0.5 mg/l ) and KIN or BAP (0.5 - 2.0 mg/l ). Maximum number of multiple shoots were obtained from cotyledonary node explant. The regenerated shoots rooted best on MS medium containing 2.0 mg/l of IBA and 0.2 mg/l of KIN. Regenerated plants were norrrlially fertile. In vitro produced plantlets were transferred to soil and placed in glass house and they developed successfully, matured, and set seed. No phenotypic variants were observed among any of the plants produced in these experiments. Thus, this regeneration system offers an additional and more efficient tool for groundnut biotechnology research promrammes.View full abstractDownload PDF (1429K) -
Shigetoshi Sato, Setsuji Ishikawa, Masaki Shimono, Choyu Shinjyo1996 Volume 46 Issue 4 Pages 321-327
Published: December 01, 1996
Released on J-STAGE: July 21, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAn awnness gene which was isolated through breeding of an isogenic line of an awnless cultivar Taichung 65 with interchange chromosomes 4-8, was independently introduced into Taichung 65 (T65) after ten backcrossings. The mode of inheritance for the awn trait was examined on the basis of two measurements, the percentage of awned spikelets per panicle and average awn length of ten spikelets, using breeding materials in the B8F2, B9F1 and B1OF1 generations. Experimental results showed that the trait was controlled by an incomplete dominant gene and that recessive homozygotes produced completely awnless spikelets, while dominant homozygotes produced longawned spikelets in a high percentage of awned spikelets per panicle, while heterozygotes produced short-awned ones in a low percentage.View full abstractDownload PDF (858K) -
K. N. Watanabe, M Orrillo, S Vega, A M. Golmirzaie, S. Perez, J Crusad ...1996 Volume 46 Issue 4 Pages 329-336
Published: December 01, 1996
Released on J-STAGE: July 21, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA broad range of diploid potato breeding stocks were employed to generate 2x X 2x true seed families, and subsequently, clonal selection was made under short-day conditions. The diploid parental lines used were: 1) (di)haploids from short-day adapted 4x varieties; 2) 2x wild species which are cross-compatible with cultivated diploid potatoes and (di) haploids; 3) their hybrids with 2x breeding lines which were selected under short-day conditions; 4) diploid cultivated species; and 5) Iong-day adapted breeding lines from programs in North America and Europe. Thirty-three diploid true seed families consisting of a total of 990 seedlings were grown in an irrigated coastal desert at La Molina, Peru in 1990. Occurrence of 2n gametes were surveyed using the seedling plants. Three hundred-fifty plants from a total of 640 evaluated by acetocarmine glycerol stain, indicated the occurrence of 2n pollen grains at various frequencies. Eighteen of 108 plants, which were crossed by 4x males, had seed sets as female, indicating occurrence of 2n eggs. Resistance to bacterial wilt (Pseudomouas sola-nacearum), potato tuber moth (Phthorimaea oper-culella), root-knot nematode (Meloidogyue incognita. race 3), Potato Virus Y (PVY) and potato leaf roll virus (PLRV) was evaluated.View full abstractDownload PDF (1683K) -
Kentaro Yasuda, Hirofumi Yamaguchi1996 Volume 46 Issue 4 Pages 337-342
Published: December 01, 1996
Released on J-STAGE: July 21, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn order to understand the phylogenetic relationships of azuki bean (Vigna angularis ) and its related species, isozyme variation of nine taxa belonging to the subgenus Ceratotropis (genus Vigna : Fabaceae) and two outgroup species (V. unguiculata. V. vexillata ) was evaluated us-ing twelve enzyme systems. Isozyme variation among accessions in each species was very low. An UPGMA phenogram indicated the occurrence of three distinct groups of species in the subgenus Ceratotropis. The first group consisted of three races of azuki bean. The second group consisted of V. nakashimae. V. minima var.View full abstractDownload PDF (1208K) -
Shaikh Mizanur Rahman, Yutaka Takagi, Takehito Kinoshita1996 Volume 46 Issue 4 Pages 343-347
Published: December 01, 1996
Released on J-STAGE: July 21, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDevelopment of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] varieties with altered palmitic acid content increase the utility of the oil for different edible purposes. The palmitic acid content in the seed oil of common soybean varieties is about 11.0 %. Sovbean mutants with reduced and elevated palmitic acid have been developed. The objective of this study was to determine the relationships between the genetic systems controlling palmitic acid content in these mutants. Reciprocal crosses were made between each mutant and its original variety, Bay and between the two mutants. No maternall and cytoplasmic effects were found in these crosses. There was no dominance for palmitic acid content in J3×Bay and J3×J10 crosses, while in J10×Bay cross, a partial dominant effect was observed. Analysis of F2 seeds from F1 plants in both of J3×Bay and J10×Bay crosses showed three distinct peaks for palmitic acid content which satisfactorily fit a 1 : 2 : 1 ratio.View full abstractDownload PDF (711K) -
Chong-jian Hong, Takeomi Etoh1996 Volume 46 Issue 4 Pages 349-353
Published: December 01, 1996
Released on J-STAGE: July 21, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSGarlic (A. sativum L.) clones were collected around the Tien Shan Mountains of Central Asia in 1994, based on the preliminary survey of 1983 in the wide area of Central Asia. All the 42 collected clones were grown in kagoshima. Regular meiosis of pollen mother cells (PMCs) was observed in all the 39 examined clones, and 31 of the 35 examined clones produced fertile pollen. Pollen fertility varied largely with clones from 86.8 % to 4.0 % and 17 clones showed more than 50 %. All the fertile clones accompanied purple anthers while the sterile clones accom-panied yellow anthers. Pollen germination rate depended on the clones, and it ranged from 31.7 % to 55.6% two hours after pollen release. Three hundred and forty-six seeds were obtained through self-pollination from 17 clones most of which were collected in Almaty, Bishkek, Issyk-kul, Kant and Kashgar.View full abstractDownload PDF (959K) -
Shigeru Imanishi, Hiroaki Egashira, Hiroshi Tanaka, Satoshi Harada, Ri ...1996 Volume 46 Issue 4 Pages 355-359
Published: December 01, 1996
Released on J-STAGE: July 21, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSSevere sterility barriers of interspecific unilateral and cross incompatibility exist between Lycopersicon esculentum and "peruvianum -complex". In particular, the strictest barriers hamper the embryo development of the hybrid between L. esculentum and L. peruvianum var. humifusum. This study was carried out in order to produce the interspecific hybrids and their backcross progenies using the ovule selection method (Imanishi et al. 1993). A total of 23 hybrid plants (F1) were obtained from 67 fruits. Hybrid nature of these plants were confirmed by the morphological and physiological resemblance of their traits to the pollen parent, L. peruvianum var. humifusuin LA 2153. The BIFI plants obtained were 9 plants from 61 fruits. Three of them were inferred to be self-compatible plants from their fruit set behaviour. Many plants of the B2F1 were produced, of which 77 % were self-compatible. PCR analysis of B2F2 plants was performed in order to confirm the introgression of the acid-invertase gene of the L. peruvianum var. humifusum which is associated with sucrose accumulation in a fruit.View full abstractDownload PDF (879K) -
Masato Tsuro, Masayoshi Inoue1996 Volume 46 Issue 4 Pages 361-366
Published: December 01, 1996
Released on J-STAGE: July 21, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSLeaf-derived calli of lavender (Lavandula vera DC) were obtained on the Murashige and Skoog solid medium supplemented wit, h 2, 4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2, 4-D) and kinetin, or, 3-indole butylic acid (IBA) and 6-benzy-ladenine (BA), at 25°C under dark condition. Callus formation rate on the medium with 2, 4-D and kinetin was higher than that with IBA and BA. Some of calli obtained on the medium with 2, 4-D and kinetin, produced blue pigment. On the other hand, in the combination of 1×10-6 M 2, 4-D and 1×10-6 M kinetin, calli grew vigorously, but they did not produce blue pigment. In the medium with 1×10-5 M 2, 4-D and 2×10-5 M kinetin, most of calli produced blue pigment. These calli continued to produce blue pigment after subculture to the medium with same components. However, after transfer to the medium with 1×10-6 M 2, 4-D and 1×10-6 M kinetin, they did not produce blue pigment.View full abstractDownload PDF (1482K) -
Yukio Akiyama, Yoshinori Takahara, Koji Yamamoto1996 Volume 46 Issue 4 Pages 367-371
Published: December 01, 1996
Released on J-STAGE: July 21, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIt is expected by rice breeders and sake brewers to establish the simple means for evaluating the size of white-core in grains of rice for sake brewing. In this study, we measured the white-core of each grain in two cultivers, Ipponjime and Gohyakumangoku, by using the image analysis. The results showed that the relative size of white-core to the whole size of grain, i.e. white-core rate, varied widely from grain to grain (O - 100 % ) in the same cultiver. Although the average of white-core rate in lpponjime seemed to be larger than that in Gohyakumangoku, there was no significant difference between them. But the region where the white-core was expressed in grains was different between two cultivars. Then we divided a grain in four parts, i. e. the 1 st, 2 nd, 3 rd and 4 th quadrants, and examined relative size of white-core in each quadrant. The results showed that, in Gohyakumangoku, the white-core was expressed mostly in the 1 st and 2 nd quadrant, but in all quadrants in lpponjimeView full abstractDownload PDF (988K) -
Zheng-Wei Liang, Masahiko Ichii1996 Volume 46 Issue 4 Pages 373-377
Published: December 01, 1996
Released on J-STAGE: July 21, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWe analyzed the inheritance of a mutation that causes short roots. The mutant, called LM 10, was derived from an M2 population of rice (Oryza sativa L., cv. IR8) seeds treated with NaN3. In reciprocal crosses between the mutant and wildtype, all F1 progeny had the same root length as the wildtype, however, F2 progeny segregated wildtype and short root lengths in a 13:1 ratio. Segregation analysis for short-root was also carried out in reciprocal backcrosses, with short root heterozygotes (i. e., LM 10/IR 8) backcrossed onto the short root parent. When the short root parent was female, segregation was 1:1 as expected, but when the short root parent was male, the wildtype to mutant segregation ratio was 6:1. From this result, we infer that the distorted segregation (13:1) in the F2 could be caused by a difference in fertilization ratio between wild type and short-root type pollen (about 6:1 in the F1 population). Altoget:her, these results indicate that the short-root phenotype in LM 10 is controlled by a single recessive gene (srt-2). Additionally, allelism was checked between srt-2 and two other mutations known to cause short ro, ots (srt-1 and rt) by pairwise crosses between the three lines. All such crosses produced only wildtype progeny, indicating that the genes of srt-1, srt-2 and rt are locat, ed at different loci.View full abstractDownload PDF (702K) -
Noritsugu Kuramoto, Nobuhiro Tomaru, Masahumi Murai, Kibachiro Ohba1996 Volume 46 Issue 4 Pages 379-384
Published: December 01, 1996
Released on J-STAGE: July 21, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSUsing leaf tissues of sugi (Cryptomeria japonica), the inheritance of 11 enzyme systems (Alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH), Sorbitol dehydrogenase (SODH), Glycerate-2-dehydrogenase (G2DH), Malate dehydrogenase (MDH), Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), Glutathion reductase (GR), Glucokinase (GK), Acid phosphatase (ACP), Fumarase (FM), Aconitase (ACO), Phosphoglucose isomerase (PGI)) was investigated in 6 crossed and selfed families. One locus each for 4 enzyme systems (MDH, G6PD, FM, ACO) was identified as follows: MDH bands were observed in two zones. The bands in the slower electrophoretic mobility zone were controlled by one locus (Mdh-1) with dimeric inheritance. G6PD bands were observed in one zone. G6PD was under the control of a single locus (G6p) with dimeric inheritance. FM bands were observed in one zone, and this enzyme system was controlled by a single locus (Fm) with dimeric inheritance. ACO bands appeared in a single zone with a single locus (Aco) with monomeric inheritance. In the selfed family of lwao 11 (a clonal cultivar), a linkage relationship was observed between the loci of dwarf(dw ) and leaf whiting in summer (slw ) with a recombination value of 0.315±0.05 in the coupling phase.View full abstractDownload PDF (1164K) -
Makita Hajika, Masakazu Takahashi, Shinji Sakai, Kazunori Igita1996 Volume 46 Issue 4 Pages 385-386
Published: December 01, 1996
Released on J-STAGE: July 21, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA new genotype of 7 S globulin (P -conglycinin) was detected in a wild soybean line collected from the Amakusa islands (Southwestern part of Japan). On SDS-PAGE analysis, this wild soybean line showed a lack or an extremely low level of the a, a' and psubunit bands which compose 7 S globulin. We called this line, "QT 2" Some mutant soybean lines showing a similar band pattern have already been induced. However, these mutants were lethal. On the other hand, the QT 2 Iine grew and produced progeny without any physiological abnormalities. The progeny seeds showed the same genotype as the original QT 2 Iine. Therefore, we concluded that the genotype of the QT 2 Iine is truly an inherited trait.View full abstractDownload PDF (736K) -
Hiromi Kajiya, Tomotoshi Shimano, Lisa Monna, Masahiro Yano, Takuji Sa ...1996 Volume 46 Issue 4 Pages 387-391
Published: December 01, 1996
Released on J-STAGE: July 21, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSPolymorphic markers between closely related varieties of rice are necessary for the practical application of. molecular markers, such as restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) markers, to rice breeding. In this study, we employed a representational difference analysis (RDA) to develop RFLP markers between closely related japonica varieties, Koshihikari and Akihikari. Three rounds of subtractive hybridization were performed, resulting in the isolation of 13 independent clones which showed RFLP between Koshihikari and Akihikari. These probes were unique and useful for mapping. Segregation of these markers in an F2 population derived from the cross between 2 varieties fitted the Mendelian expected ratio well, indicating that these clones were derived from the nuclear genome. Linkage analysis showed that these markers were separated into 2 groups and 5 unlinked markers. This is the first time that RDA was appliedView full abstractDownload PDF (889K) -
Yuichi Tada, Minoru Yamada, Rinpei Sawada, Shiro Samoto, Tsukasa Matsu ...1996 Volume 46 Issue 4 Pages 403-407
Published: December 01, 1996
Released on J-STAGE: July 21, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS -
Tatsuo Kuwabara, Jiro Abe, Norio Iriki, Toshio Tsuchiya, Takashi Nakaj ...1996 Volume 46 Issue 4 Pages 409-411
Published: December 01, 1996
Released on J-STAGE: July 21, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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