The purpose of this study is to examine the difficulties in parenting of mothers of children with congenital diseases. The subject ware forty-one mothers of children with congenital diseases, and thirty-five mothers of healthy children as a control group. The date was collected by questionaires. Results are as follows 1) Mothers of children with congenital diseases had more difficulties in parenthing than mothers of healthy children. Especially, there ware significant about social life. 2) Some factors were concerned the difficult happening of the ill child. 3) Without siblings, more difficulties occurred. 4) More difficulties about vaccination and social life ware occurred in case that the children had experiences of hospitalization and operation. 5) It is necessary for mothers of children with congenital diseases to support of parenting as will as disease control.

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The main purpose of this research is to clarify the process in which a mother recognizes that the leukemia of her child is in the low risk group. The low risk leukemia has a high frequency in children but has the lowest risk of relapse. Interviews were conducted with seven mothers whose children had low risk leukemia, and the interviews were analyzed with the Grounded theory approach. The major results were as follows: Five categories were generated; (1)the inquiry of the cause of the disease, (2)the sense of the existence of other mothers and children in the similar situation, (3)the realization of the prognosis, (4)keeping the sense of the child being far from death, and (5)goal setting in the daily living of the child. The categories may occur in any order in different individuals, but "goal setting" is always the last step of the process. The core category is "stability in the child' s daily living" . It is suggested that an appropriate nursing intervention for a mother corresponding to each category is important when other children die, when other children relapses, and after her child is discharged from the hospital.

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