The purpose of this study was to clarify the process of nurse's involvement with a child patient in the terminal stage of childhood cancer from the moment when the child starts his (or her) narrative of anxiety about poor prognosis and fear of dying. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with ten nurses having more than three years of clinical experience. The results were analyzed according to the modified grounded theory approach to extract eight categories and 24 concepts. The nurses were found to try "sensing the child's feeling about poor prognosis" by "responding to the child's anxiety about gloomy prospects of the disease and the treatment". The nurses were found to "adapt themselves to the child's state and timing without missing a chance", e.g., by "always getting ready to listen to the child's narrative" and "waiting for a chance for the child to start a narrative". They tried "accepting the child's narrative resulting from consciousness of the end and death" and "coping with the child's anxiety about life-threatening precarious condition", thereby "sensing that the child can temporarily relieve the anxiety about life-threatening precarious condition." Once sensing the child's temporary relieve, the nurses again took a stance of "always getting ready to listen to the child's narrative" and "waiting for a chance for the child to start a narrative." The results suggested such a nurse's stance may be a significant chance for the child to start a narrative of anxiety about life-threatening precarious condition and narrative of coming end.

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Objectives: This study aimed to develop an assessment algorithm to assess the coping skills of 3-6-year-old children undergoing blood sampling. Methods: Literature was examined using the manual to develop clinical practice guidelines, which was provided by the Medical Information Network Distribution Service (MINDS). Items were extracted to assist in the development of the assessment algorithm. Two pediatric nursing researchers, seven pediatric nurses in the hospitals, and two pediatricians cooperated to develop the algorithm, increasing the content validity of the algorithm. Results and discussion: Twenty four studies were found regarding factors related to children's coping behavior during blood sampling. Items needed to algorithm were the "age of child," "children's coping behavior that parents predicted" and "experience of blood sampling." The assessment methods and categories of each item were discussed. The assessment algorithm started from the "experience of blood sampling." Inexperience children were divided into the lowest coping skills. Experience children were divided the coping skills into four stages by the "age of child" and "children's coping behavior that parents predicted." Future research must examine the reliability and validity of this algorithm.

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[in Japanese]

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[in Japanese]

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[in Japanese]

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[in Japanese]

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Aim: The aim of the present study is to gain insight, through a literature review, into home nursing for children who require home health care as well as to assess future challenges of visiting nurses. Subjects and Methods: A literature review of Japan Medical Abstracts Society Online was conducted for reports published between 1982 and 2013 with the keywords "Visiting Nurse", "Child" (or "Children"), and "Medical Care". Twenty original papers that met the aims of the present study were collected and analyzed. Results: Results showed that the general public and families are not aware that children can qualify for home nursing, and that the mother or the visiting nurse must coordinate on a case-by-case basis because human resources personnel responsible for coordinating home health care are not officially assigned. Visiting nurses provide individualized support and reduce the burden on the family, while also considering potential patient assistance needs. Conclusion: The findings suggest that the role of visiting nurses must be clarified to provide child- and family-specific nursing care. Moreover, greater collaboration should be facilitated between visiting nurses and other professions and facilities.

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