This study explored parents' perceptions of the role of nurses specializing in providing medical care to children who need medical care and attend elementary schools in Japan. A descriptive qualitative research design was used. Semi-structured interviews with 11 parents were conducted, and data were analyzed using inductive content analysis. Parents of children who need medical care and attend elementary schools perceived the role of nurses to be not only to provide nursing care, but also to maintain the health and ensure the safety of their children, support their educational activities, and foster their social development. Nurses were also perceived to have a role in supporting parents with reducing parents' burden and advising. The results suggested that nurses needed to consider not only children's health but also their educational activities and social development and to collaborate with teachers and parents.