The purpose of this research is to analyze the concept of family resilience, and to examine the usability of the concept in the support of families with children that suffer from diseases or disorders. Using Rodgers's concept analysis approach, analysis was performed by searching for the keywords "family resilience" and analyzing the contents for descriptions regarding attributes, antecedents, and consequences. The results of the analysis showed that the attributes of the concept were "promoting mutual understanding in the family," "reorganizing relations with people in and outside of the family," "changes in family coping behavior," "using resources inside and outside of the home/family," and "maintaining everyday life in the family." Antecedents were "a critical state of the family" and "perpetual stress." Consequences were "changes in coping behavior," "establishment of new patterns in family functions," and "family growth." The results presented a model case and a definition for the concept of family resilience, and it was made clear that this is a concept that can be used in the support of families with children that suffer from diseases or disorders.

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The purpose of this study is to clarify the transition of care behavior from parents to children in case of children with type 1 diabetes on the basis of the parent-child relationship. A semi-structured interview was conducted with eight children with type1 diabetes and their parents (16 in total). A qualitative study revealed "a transition from parental care to care behavior in children with type1 diabetes, which enabled them to live a normal life while independently managing their illness". Parents and children recognized the developing child's care behavior abilities and acknowledged their mutual abilities. This approach led to the following stages: stage 1, "which was a period of joint care behavior between the parent and child while the child learns about care behavior in accordance with his/her developmental stage"; stage 2, "during which the child begins understanding treatment for hyperglycemia, hypoglycemia, and changes in his/her daily activities through discussions on care behavior with the parent"; stage 3, "in which the parent oversees child-oriented care behavior"; and stage 4, "which involves complete care behavior by the child, who is able to lead a normal life while independently managing his/her illness".

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This study aimed to alleviate the suffering of children undergoing cancer chemotherapy and improve their quality of life by encouraging them to become more interested in their chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting symptoms and work with their nurses to find ways to relieve those symptoms, and by helping them acquire self-care symptom management skills. An intervention study that incorporated relaxation techniques was conducted with four child patients, in accordance with the Integrated Approach to Symptom Management (IASM) model, whose usefulness has been demonstrated in adults. As a result, it was found that the children coped with their symptoms by using their own strategies that they had developed through their past experience, including "not moving," "lying down," and "choosing the right foods." The study results also suggested the usefulness of the IASM model in children. In the future, it is necessary to consider how to apply IASM to children according to their stage of development, and to clarify the role of parents.

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The purpose of this study was to clarify changes in percent overweight, self-efficacy, social support and health behavior as the effects of a one-year nursing intervention program to improve self-management techniques of children. The subjects were 38 elementary school children from 1st to 6th grades and their mothers. The children were asked to fill out questionnaires on self-efficacy and social support, and were interviewed on their own health status and behavior in daily life before and after the program. As for intervention, at the interview they were instructed, by means of a pamphlet we had prepared, on methods of lifestyle improvement. A lifestyle-improvement program was then conducted for 2 hours after school once a month for 10 months. Body weight and height were measured at the program. As a result, at the end of the one-year intervention program, nine (56.2%) out of 16 overweight children showed a decrease in their percent overweight and parent scores for social support increased significantly. As a result of analyzing the data obtained from the interviews and questionnaires, the following five categories were extracted: (1) Improvement of health behaviors, (2) Improvement of physical condition, (3) Improved self-management ability, (4) Improved self-efficacy, and (5) Increased feeling of being supported. The findings support the conclusion that this one-year intervention program was effective in improving the health behaviors of school children as well as the degree of percent overweight of overweight children.

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The purpose of this study was to clarify the nursing care which enables the preparation of pre-school children to be put on a drip, following emergency hospitalization. Participant observation and semi-structured interviews were conducted with 7 nurses, followed by inductive qualitative analysis, from which 5 categories were extracted. As the start is the most critical part, the nurses maintain the child's world by [conveying peace of mind while preparing to enter the child's world], thus establishing trust. In explaining about the drip, they provide care [connecting in the child's word the present experience and the image of the future] to draw out the child's can-do spirit. Then, the enjoyment of joint hand-washing is effective for [strengthening the wave of "can-do spirit" in the child's world] so that the high positive level is maintained, which results in care [coordinating timing to effect safe secure treatment, and praising the child's efforts]. In cases of resistance by the child, using strategies based on the nurses' experiences, they carried out care [seeking a way to redirect a resisting child]. This study clarified a way of nursing care which, even under the time constraint of emergency hospitalization and immediate I.V., helps to strengthen the "can-do spirit" of children by giving them peace of mind in their own world, while nursing staff remain responsive to situational changes.

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[in Japanese]

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[in Japanese]

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[in Japanese]

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[in Japanese]

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