The purpose of this study was to clarify the relationship with children and related factors as assessed by nursing students in pediatric nursing training. The draft of the questionnaire was examined, and the construct validity was determined by factor analysis. Two factors, [friendliness with children] and [deepening of relationships as nurses] were extracted and Cronbach’s Alpha was 0.828 to 0.878. The result of investigating the relationship between nursing students and children using the questionnaire, [deepening of relationship as nurses] by one-way analysis of variance and multiple comparisons was and after the training was significantly lower than and before the training. There was no significant difference in [friendliness with children] (p<.001). “I like children” was significantly higher after the training than before the training (t=−2.02, p<.05). These showed that the nursing students became familiar with the children and became more likable during training, although there was a difficulty in deepening the relationship with the children as nurses and gaining a sense of accomplishment.

 Objective: This study aims to clarify the coordination process by nurses who provided professional support to the life of the children with disabilities at home. Method: The six nurses who have coordinated with a child home care were interviewed for about 1 hour, and the interview data was analyzed by the M-GTA. Result: Firstly, the nurses conducted “making professional judgment by deeply considering the state of the children with disabilities and building the relationships with the children’s families.” Secondly, they conducted “providing timely nursing care for the children with disabilities and their families,” “identifying and adjusting appropriate supporters,” and “connecting to the supporters who can reassure their families.” Thirdly, they conducted “building the sustainable support system that harmonized the raising of the children with disabilities and the wishes of their families.” These activities were the process that aimed in “creating a community support team by multiple occupations’ collaboration which is centered on individual children with disabilities and their families.” Consideration: In coordination with a child home care, it is important to gain insights into the children with disabilities and their families while building relationships with their families. Furthermore, it is necessary to identify the power of supporters and to establish a collaborative system by coordinating multiple occupations.

 This study aimed to quantify parenting stress in fathers of firstborn infants based on the Parenting Stress Index-Short Form (PSI-SF) and to determine the current status of their support needs. 1,147 fathers were surveyed, and 239 valid responses (21%) were included in the analysis. Parenting stress was measured by the Japanese version of the PSI-SF. The mean PSI-SF scores for fathers were 37.3 (±8.8) total points, 18.3 (±4.7) for child aspects, and 19.0 (±5.3) for parental aspects, that were slightly lower than the mean scores for mothers and fathers in previous studies. The mean score for satisfaction with parenting support to the company and the government was 2.8 (±1.0) out of 5. Support needs in childcare included requests for flexible parental leave for fathers, a measure that the government is currently focusing on, and requests pertaining to the ongoing issues that have existed for some time, such as financial support and the improvement of nursery school.

 This study aimed to clarify the thinking of mothers of children who require medical care regarding siblings performing medical procedures such as suctioning or tube feeding for the child requiring care. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with seven mothers who are the main caregivers of children requiring medical care. Further, a qualitative and inductive analysis was conducted, which led to the extraction of 8 categories and 19 subcategories from the mothers’ responses. Although mothers wanted to prioritize siblings’ lives over the latter’s performance of medical procedures, they also cherished the siblings’ thoughts regarding these procedures. Some mothers considered it normal for siblings to perform medical procedures for the child requiring care and thus helping the family. They wanted the siblings to share a good relationship with the child who needed medical care and were positive that performing medical procedures for the child requiring care would enhance the siblings’ personal growth. Although mothers did not want siblings to be burdened with medical procedures, they still wanted to know what willing siblings feel, so that they can help the latter safely perform the medical procedures without feeling burdened. Thus, this study suggests that the thoughts of mothers should be respected when considering policies to support families of children who need medical care.

 The purpose of this qualitative descriptive study was to clarify the experiences of patients with severe motor and intellectual disabilities (SMID) receiving home health care during life events, focusing on family life from childhood onward. In their life with their family since childhood, [their symptoms worsened and they did not interact with their peers] [Adjustment of their life to fit their peers] [Life with restrictions where only they are scolded and their parents are taken by their peers] [Helping care for their peers by seeing their parents] [Awakening to the realization that they need support and care for their peers and finding their existence value through seeing their parents’ joy]. The characteristics of the parents are: [Putting the lives of their siblings and their parents before their own] [Respecting the wishes of their siblings and participating in activities that connect them to society]. Experiences related to sibling-centered life events were found to be. The following were mentioned: [Choosing a career path or occupation that prioritized the presence of siblings] [Interacting with friends while being aware of the presence of siblings] [Anxiety about being rejected or not being accepted because of siblings] [Anxiety about having children and parents’ encouragement] [Parental thoughts about the growth of their children overlapping with that of siblings]. It is necessary to support siblings’ childhood struggles and experiences and the process of changing roles.

 The purpose of this study was to develop a difficulty scale for nurses engaged in pediatric nursing care in hospital wards. A draft scale was created based on concept analysis and qualitative research. The surface validity and content validity were verified, and a draft scale of 64 items was developed. To confirm the reliability and validity of the draft scale a questionnaire survey of nurses who were involved in pediatric nursing care in hospital wards was conducted. A total of 1,040 copies were distributed, and only 307 valid responses were received. Item analysis and exploratory factor analysis revealed five factors across 39 items. Cronbach’s α coefficient was 0.790～0.937, Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient with the external standard was p=0.362 (p＜0.01), and the intra-class correlation coefficient of the subscale by the test-retest method was 0.70～0.86. The above results verified the reliability and validity of the scale. This scale can be used for self-assessment by nurses involved in pediatric nursing in hospital wards, and allows administrators to identify the current difficulties and underlying problems that pediatric nursing care experiences as an organizational unit.

Objective: To identify the aspects of assessment and examine the necessary skills of nurses who provided professional support and coordinated the home life care of children with disabilities, making the children’s lives easier and safer. Method: Six nurses who coordinate pediatric home-based care were interviewed for approximately 1 h, and data were qualitatively and descriptively analyzed. Result: The following four categories of assessment content and methods were identified: determine the present and future support needed by the children, take a bird’ s-eye view of the entire family situation with the parent at the center and find the support needed for daily life, identify the strengths and weaknesses of other professionals and consider ways for collaboration, and explore the possibility of administrative support and consider measures to continue support. Moreover, three categories of foundational attitudes and ideas have been identified. Consideration: The results showed that nurses had excellent situational judgment and intervention decision-making skills to persistently pursue creative interventions; the foundation of their skills was ideas such as beliefs and standards of behavior, information gathering, and relationship-building skills.

 Semi-structured interviews were conducted with five family members to elucidate the anxiety felt when their young child was discharged from the hospital after a liver transplant. Results were analyzed using qualitative descriptive research methods. Since the children were infants and toddlers, we recognized the responsibility of their families to take the lead in health management. The families revealed they were worried about infectious diseases and physical symptoms in the absence of a medical professional, taking charge of immunosuppressive therapy, being in charge of medical care, and delayed growth and development due to liver damage compared to healthy children. Additionally, families experienced anxiety about the impact on the siblings due to the extensive period of time the children were separated. As the child recovered from the liver transplant and settled down to live a life of recuperation at home, families began to look toward the future, and anxiety about an uncertain future arose.

 Educational intervention for clinical nurses and their organization was conducted through a joint project consisting of nurses and researchers to incorporate self-care theory into the nursing process in children’s hospital and to improve children’s self-care and parental care agencies. The purpose of this study is to elucidate changes in nurses’ learning and perception, as well as changes in nursing practices, verbatim records of reflections and meeting records were qualitatively analyzed using a descriptive approach. As a result, the “stage when clues were obtained for nursing practice to support children’s self-care agency and parental care agency” and the “stage when support for children’s self-care agency and parental care agency were implemented in the nursing plan, and the effect of support and significance of nursing care were realized” led to the “stage when support for children’s self-care agency and parental care agency using department case conferences was established as a nursing process, and nurses gained value and self-confidence as a result of nursing care.” Thus, by improving self-care support for children and their parents in difficult situations and by improving children’s self-care agency and parental care agency, nurses were able to gain value and confidence in nursing care.

 This study aimed to elucidate the involvement of nurses in providing information to the siblings of pediatric patients with cancer and explore suggestions for their role in this process. We conducted semi-structured interviews with six pediatric nurses and analyzed the resulting data using the modified grounded theory approach. The results revealed that the nurses were mindful of patient siblings, constantly cared about their demeanor, and made the decision to provide information when they deemed it necessary. When providing information, the nurses were determined to meet the siblings’ need to know, realizing that it is important to provide them with information as soon as possible. This study suggests that it is important that nurse roles include addressing concerns of the siblings of pediatric cancer patients and acting as a coordinator to satisfy their “desire to know”.

 This study aimed to develop a scale that measures parents’ agency to care as a complement to self-care in hospitalized children, and test its reliability and validity. Therefore, we conducted a questionnaire survey on 300 families raising children admitted to a child hospital to verify the scale’s reliability and validity. Data of 95 participants (valid response rate: 85.5%) were analyzed. Eleven items and two factors were extracted using item analysis and exploratory factor analysis, respectively. Furthermore, confirmatory factor analysis confirmed the goodness of fit of the hypothesis model obtained by exploratory factor analysis. In terms of reliability, the Cronbach α coefficient was 0.879 for all 11 items on the scale and ranged from 0.788 to 0.823 for each factor. The correlation coefficient with “degree of acquisition of care capacity” as an external criterion was 0.552. Hence, the scale had a certain degree of reliability and validity. Therefore, this scale can be used in clinical settings in future.

 Purpose: This study aimed to describe nursing practice when shared decision-making related to medical treatment for children with severe motor and intellectual disabilities occurs. Methods: Nine nurses participated in semi-structured interviews. Data analyses were conducted using descriptive qualitative methods. Results: Nine categories were extracted. Nurses “share direction for decision-making support with the medical care team” and “seize the opportunity for parents to consider the treatment”. During the decision-making process, nurses “facilitate parent comprehension of information”, “support parents in communicating with each other and making decisions together”, “support parents in taking a step forward by reducing anxiety”, and “make parents aware of the need for treatment”. Nurses “wait until parents make a decision in parallel while remaining close to parents who vacillate between consent and refusal” and “respect the parents’ decision”. Nurses try to “build a foundation of trust with parents” for decision-making support. Conclusion: In shared decision-making related to medical treatment for children with severe motor and intellectual disabilities, nurses combine the support of quietly waiting for the parents’ decision with the support of facilitating the decision-making process, and ultimately respect the parents’ decision.

 This study sought to identify categories of the nursing skills that nurses used when they provided telephone consultations about children’s health through the #8000 telephone number. We conducted semi-structured interviews with four nurses who had more than ten years of pediatric nursing experience and more than four years of practical experience providing telephone consultations. We analyzed the interview data using a qualitative descriptive analysis, and we identified eight broad categories of nursing skills used during telephone consultations: becoming familiar with the child’s living situation at home, visualizing the parents’ perceptions, complimenting the parent on their difficult work of having a job and raising a child/children at the same time, identifying issues/problems that the child was concerned about, modifying recommendations to make them more feasible, focusing on communicating effectively with the parent, providing a sense of security for the parent to calm their feelings, and supporting the parent and encouraging them to seek medical care for her child. The combination of these eight nursing skills during telephone consultations enabled nurses empathize with parents’ feelings and identify parents’ strengths to support their children’s health. This analysis demonstrated that phone consultations are a practical way for nurses to help develop parents’ abilities to care for their sick children at home.

 Objective: The integrated practicum of pediatric nursing was provided by combining the three facilities that support children with medical care living in their communities. This study aimed to clarify the learning of students in the practicum. Methods: The students who completed their practicum were requested to submit their photocopied practicum reports if they agreed to submit it. What their students learned was extracted from the practicum reports and analyzed them qualitatively and inductively. Results: Students gained distinctive learnings from the role of each facility and a deep understanding of the child and family. Students learned about the role of nursing in supporting children such as [support to protect the child’s health], supporting families such as [support to make the family feel secure], and multidisciplinary cooperation. Learnings about children were more common in the practicum at the special needs school, while learnings about families were more common in the practicum at the home nursing stations. Consideration: It was found that students can gain a comprehensive understanding of children with medical care and their families living in the community through integrated practicum at multiple facilities in the community, and that students will learn a variety of learning about the role of nursing which supports children and families while collaborating with multiple professionals.

 Children’s sense of taste is closely related to their diets, which are strongly influenced by their cultural backgrounds and affects their physical growth and subsequent psychosocial development. We examined studies on taste in children aged under 18 years in Japan. This study aimed to clarify the characteristics of participants and method of taste evaluation, and examine the indication age of each test and its clinical application for pediatric nursing. The literature search was conducted using ICHUSHI (Web version) and CiNii Articles databases, which yielded 53 articles. The literature was classified into whole taste and abnormal taste. When objectively assessing taste in clinical pediatric nursing, it was recommended that a proxy evaluation by a third party, such as a parent or guardian, be used as a reference for children aged under 6, as the reliability of the test results is not yet fully verified. This study suggests the need to establish an evaluation method that provides subjective and objective indicators of children’s sense of taste, and to consider specific support for children’s eating habits.

 This study aims to determine nurses’ trust in their knowledge, judgment, and response to child abuse detection, reporting, and cooperation. A total of 1,634 nurses from 99 hospitals and wards with 300 or more beds across the country agreed to take part in the survey. They were assigned to work in pediatric outpatient clinics, pediatric wards, emergency outpatient departments, and emergency wards. The survey was conducted using self-created questionnaires. Out of the 710 people who responded (response rate: 43%), 630 valid responses were analyzed (valid response rate: 39%). The findings demonstrated a lack of confidence in their knowledge, judgment, and response to social resources and sexual abuse. In addition, approximately 30% respondents answered “I do not know” when it came to items related to psychiatric symptoms. These findings highlight the importance of including knowledge and judgment about sexual abuse and social resources available to families, in training content to encourage action by nurses who collaborate with other agencies and professions.

 This study aimed to clarify how teachers who provide medical care in special-needs schools perceive support from nurses and what type of support they seek from them. Self-administered questionnaires were distributed via postal mail to 687 teachers at special-needs schools. The data of 262 teachers were analyzed. Simple tabulations were conducted for each question, and free responses were analyzed using qualitative content analysis. Approximately 60%-70% of teachers were satisfied with the nurses’ guidance in on-the-job training and support in school life. However, some teachers were dissatisfied because the nurses did not adequately monitor the implementation of medical care and showed differences in the content of support. Teachers preferred nurses over teachers to provide oversight that would guarantee safety and security, render advice as medical professionals, think about children with teachers, give support with education awareness, and provide medical care, which was difficult for teachers. Demonstrating medical expertise and reaching out to teachers and collaboration among nurses is vital in providing unified support to teachers.