The purpose of this study is to clarify the role and specialization of nursery teachers, and the awareness of and issues faced by both nurses and nursery teachers regarding collaboration. In this study, focus group interviews were conducted with the research subjects being-seventeen nurses (4G) and fifteen nursery teachers (3G) working in pediatric wards at four hospitals. Nurses perceived collaboration with nursery teachers as mainly being the exchange of information through transfer of information conferences and the like, while in addition to this, nursery teachers recognized that collaboration also included working with other professionals in performing preparation, development and implementation of examinations; so there was a difference in how both groups perceived collaboration. This difference reflects the current state in which nurses and nursery teachers do not have an equal position in the team of child care. For better collaboration, it is very important that nurses respect nursery teachers' specialization, and to more positively understand the nursery teachers' role. Furthermore the nursery teachers need to explain their own roles in the hospital to other healthcare members.

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[in Japanese]

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[in Japanese]

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The purpose of this study was to increase the understanding and to develop the structure on chronic illnesses in adolescents, so that they would obtain the necessary information required as part of their self care. The consenting participants were 11 outpatients (6 girls and 5 boys) of the age range of 13-20 years. All of them had chronic conditions such as post-liver transplant complications, nephrosis, hyperthyroidism, and dwarfism; these conditions had been developed following a brain tumor and asthma. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews with these participants, and these data were analyzed using Corbin and Strauss's grounded theory methodology. The findings revealed the following 3 categories: the foundation for adolescents to obtain information, initial stages of obtaining information by the adolescents, taking the responsibility of making a decision. Development of the Structure of Chronic Illnesses in Adolescents for Them to Obtain Information as part of Self-Care is that as follows; they would be open the way to the future whereby the adolescents would be aware of their problem and take decisions by themselves on the basis of the previous knowledge and resources. These findings indicate that health education for adolescents should cover chronic illnesses and include peer group discussions in order to enable them for self-care during such illnesses.

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This study aimed to analyze the anxiety of mothers whose young children had childhood leukemia after their children were discharged from the viewpoint of nurses working at the pediatric unit. A semi-structured interview was conducted with 14 nurses working at the pediatric unit. We also conducted a qualitative inductive study to analyze the findings. The anxiety after discharge was classified into 3 groups: anxiety induced by the children, anxiety of the mother herself, and unrecognized anxiety. The nurses recognized that the mothers were anxious not only about "The general health care of their sick children" "The completion of the long outpatient treatment," and "Adaptation of group living" but also about the future e.g., "Anxious about their child's appearance in future". In addition, the mothers thought that their own life was being spent in taking care of the sick children and their sibling, and were anxious about "Restructuring their own life". The nurse guided the mothers with respect to the car taking measures for the sick children when in hospital, but they recognized that it was difficult for the mothers to manage their child after discharge and that the cause of anxiety was unrecognizable in some cases.

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The aim of this study was to reveal the experiences of families (the couple subsystem) whose children with congenital disease were transported in emergencies to an intensive care unit and needed surgical treatment. Nine couples or mothers participated in semi-structured interviews. The accumulated narrative data were analyzed qualitatively. The families' experiences included that "the father tries to alleviate the mother's shock by approaching her deliberately and trying to reinforce positive thinking," "the shock of finding out at the same time that their newborn child has a congenital disease and suddenly needs to under surgery," "facing the pain of being separated from the sick child after birth in extraordinary circumstances," "feeling the suffering of both the hospitalized child and his or her siblings," "cherishing the value of family value and finding a way for the family to get over their pain," "moving toward a new stage in which the family protects the child in daily life while feeling anxious about the child." Two themes were detected from the above: easing the shock in the family of being informed of their child's disease and that their child will unexpectedly undergo neonatal surgery, and finding a way to get over the pain from the hospitalization of their child and moving toward a new stage in the family. The present findings suggest that nurses need to first understand the family's views about how they will try to cope with their shock and burden, and then provide appropriate information to support the family.

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The present study examines how mothers of severely mentally and physically handicapped children who require tracheostomy care at home are able to rebuild their lives. A semi-structured interview was conducted with six mothers who have been caring for their child at home for six months or longer. The comments they made during the interview were converted to data, which was then analyzed using a revised grounded theory approach. The analysis found three categories; building a life of my own, manpower that supports my life, and the development of my confidence as a mother. When the mothers started home care for their children, their strongest feeling was "anxiety on the day of discharge from the hospital" that stemmed from a fear of unforeseeable problems. Thereafter, they underwent the process of reorganizing and rebuilding their own life, moving from "being wrapped up in daily life" to "days of trial and error," which led them to reach a "daily life when things seem less difficult than I had imagined." In this process, the manpower that supported them with their daily life comprised the cooperation of family members, including "the active involvement of the child's father" and "help from the child's siblings," as well as "association with other mothers who had a child with the same difficulties, with whom they could empathize."

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The present study aims to clarify the current state and awareness of nursery school teachers of pediatric basic life support (PBLS) and their confidence in their PBLS skills. The study involved 262 nursery school teachers (with a response rate of 41.4% and valid response rate of 99.6%) The research method employed was quantitative and descriptive utilizing the questionnaire method. It used the Likert Scale to rate 15 items of confidence from 1 to 5. Using factorial analysis it identified the five factors of Concrete Action Method, Observation and Confirmation, Automatic External Defibrillator (AED) use, inform and Requests and Cardio-pulmonary Resuscitation (CPR). It also points out that, overall, while the respondents were aware of PBLS, their confidence in their skills was low. The study also points to the lack of AED apparatuses (quantity) and the insufficient, child-centered, wholistic PBLS training (quality) as reasons for the low level of confidence among nursery school teachers. The study also points to the vital educational support role of nurses in building the confidence of nursery school teachers concerning PBLS inasmuch as they possess specialized and wholistic PBLS knowledge and skills that they can impart to both teachers and parents.

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Sugar Scrub, mainly consisting of beat sugar coated with plant oil, has been shown to provide effective skin care for young children because of its moisturizing effect and skin barrier function enhanced by sebum secretion. The present study evaluated the effect of Sugar Scrub in skin cleansing in 35 subjects, aged 11 through 29, with acne vulgaris. Sebum content before Sugar Scrub care and 30 minutes after was compared. The skin sebum content of subjects suffering greatly from acne on the forehead, cheek, and lower jaw was high. Cluster analysis identified three groups by sebum content: high on the cheek and forehead (group 1), high only on the forehead (group 2) or low (group 3). Group 1 and 2 showed a significant decrease in sebum content after care, suggesting it had a cleansing effect. Acne lesions partly improved after one-month care. In conclusion, Sugar Scrub, by maintaining a proper sebum content in the skin, appears suitable for skin care for those suffering from acne vulgaris.

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