The purpose of this study was to clarify how nurses perceive self-regulation by preschool children undergoing venipuncture. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 13 nurses and their responses were analyzed using a qualitative descriptive methodology. As a result, nine types of data of nurses' perceptions were identified : nurses perceived (1) how children expressed their feelings leading up to the procedure, (2) that children wanted to find out more about the procedure, (3) the child's choice of conditions for the procedure that he or she felt comfortable with, (4) children incorporated feelings to meet the expectations of their significant others and medical staff, (5) children encouraged themselves to undergo the procedure, (6) children concentrated their attention on the procedure to face their fears or, (7) they diverted their attention from the procedure, (8) children did best when given support by their significant others or from a favorite object, and (9) children developed self-esteem because their efforts were recognized by their significant others or medical staff. Results suggested that, in order to purposefully support self-regulation by children undergoing venipuncture, nurses need to realize that they should encourage children to express their feelings, understand the desire children have to participate in their own care, give them time to think, and provide a sympathetic assessment that encourages children to verbalize their efforts and develop their own sense of self.

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The purpose of this study was to determine coping behaviors of preschool children and support of their parents after blood sampling and related factors. Data were obtained through observation from entering the treatment room until 10 minutes after leaving, along with a checklist investigation after 30 minutes leaving from the treatment room for 3-6 years old children and their parents in the pediatric outpatient unit. Participating observation involved 48 pairs 53 samples, and checklist investigations were 40 persons 44 samples. Many coping behaviors of preschool children after blood sampling were "change-of-air behavior," "self-control behavior" and "attachment behavior." Many support of their parents were "praise or consoling" and "doing nothing." 10 minutes after leaving, coping behaviors of preschool children and support of their parents included significantly more "physical contact" and "scolding" in "pain behavior." There was significantly more "scolding" in "passive behavior." There was significantly more "provide play" in "change-of-air behavior," and significantly less "praise or consoling" in "change-of-air behavior." There was significantly more "physical contact" in "attachment behavior." These results suggested the need for supporting parental support after blood sampling.

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[in Japanese]

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[in Japanese]

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[in Japanese]

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The purpose of this study was to analyze the appraisal of the parents of the nursing care their children received while undergoing cardiac surgery. We investigated the degree of satisfaction for the operation's result, synthetic satisfaction of parents for nursing care during their child's surgery, and the degree of expectation and satisfaction of 20 care items. Data were collected from 58 parents by a questionnaire survey, and analyzed by Spearman's rank correlation and a diagram in order to appraise nursing care. The diagram is formed by finding the coordinates. In that arrangement, the ordinate designates the degree of satisfaction, and the abscissas designate the degree of expectation for 20 care items. The degree of synthetic satisfaction of parents for nursing care (51.8%) was lower than satisfaction for the operation's result (89.7%). Synthetic satisfaction of parents for nursing care during their child's surgery was correlated with encouragement by the hospital staff that their child's surgery would be completed successfully in 20 care items (r=.50, p=.00). The diagram indicated a necessity to offer parents timely information, especially when the finish time of their child's surgery had been delayed.

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[in Japanese]

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[in Japanese]

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[in Japanese]

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