This research is a qualitative and inductive study aimed at clarifying the current situation, needs, and tasks of Nursing student volunteers at a special support school from the view point of parents and teachers at the school. The research subjects were 32 parents and teachers who participated in school events at B special support school, in which the nursing college volunteer club is involved. The results of the analysis were divided into the following 5 categories; “the children’s security and safety,” “social development of the children,” “familiarity and appreciation to the students,” “expectations and support for students’ growth,” and “strengthened bonds due to the children’s understanding.” The recipients of the volunteer activities expected expansion of the children’s social development while communicating with students in a safe and secure environment. Students were not only volunteers, but recipients because their growth was supported by others through their activities. The task is that both children and students participate actively and continuously with each other, because the social development of the children and students’ growth is due to deeper contact.

 The present study aimed to clarify the experience of nine fathers raising school-age children with disabilities at home. Semi-structured interviews were conducted, and the obtained data were analyzed using a qualitative and descriptive method. This led to the extraction of seven categories, and the relationships among them were illustrated. Fathers suffering [distress regarding the disabilities of their children] had the basic idea of [respecting them as a human being regardless of their disabilities], [experienced relief from the mental and physical burdens due to support from people], and felt a [sense of fulfillment in being a parent due to their existence and growth]. These fathers also tried to [protect their families by playing paternal roles] and [adjust social participation aimed at improving their children’s QOL]. These experiences led to [self-growth through overcoming developmental issues]. We suggest that, to continue a home-based life, it is important to provide long-term support to the families of children with disabilities.

 The present study aimed to clarify experienced nurses’ perception of discharge support for mothers of neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) patients. Berelson B. content analysis was applied to semi-structured interviews conducted on experienced nurses (n=12; length of NICU nursing experience≥5 years) regarding their perception of discharge support for mothers. A total of 238 codes were extracted and organized into 49 subcategories, 15 categories, and 6 core categories. The 6 core categories comprised “building and deepening mother-infant and mother-nurse relationships”, “coherent supports the postpartum process”, “looking ahead to the infant’s care after hospital discharge”, “working as a team to coordinate for life after hospital discharge”, “learning about the mother and infant’s lives after hospital discharge and evaluating the discharge support in the NICU”, and “beginning discharge support from the pregnancy”. The findings suggest that experienced nurses bring their perceptions of discharge support into practice in accordance with the timing of the infant’s therapeutic course, based on a fundamental coherent awareness of discharge support throughout the postpartum process. It is also suggested that these perceptions were mutually reinforced to discharge support for mothers.

 The purpose of this study was to find out how school-aged children (hereinafter simply “children”) feel about receiving planned surgery during a short-term stay in hospital. Thirteen children agreed to participate in the study. They were given a semistructured interview and their answers were qualitatively and descriptively analyzed.

 Six categories were created for the results: “I cannot face having an operation in hospital”, “Having an operation in hospital is a problem that I want to face down myself”, “Having an operation in hospital feels like too much to bear”, “People looked after me while I was in hospital”, “It was tough, but I put my mind to it so I feel positive about my operation in hospital” and “When I get out of hospital, I’ll do what I can to adjust to the changes in my life”.

 When faced with a short hospital stay and a planned operation, the children focused on doing what they could and moving forward despite their difficult situation. From this, it can be concluded that nurses’ role is to provide support that makes children feel like they have grown from having an operation in hospital.

 This study investigated characteristics of resilience manifested by adolescent patients with allergic diseases, based on narratives about their disease-related experiences. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 22 adolescent patients with an allergic disease, and qualitative analysis was used to extracted emergent themes. Analysis extracted the following 7 primary categories : “Inability to accept the disease,” “Depending on parents,” “Anxiety about the future,” “Not understood other,” “Building good interpersonal relationships,” “Receiving support,” and “Self-management of the disease.” Results revealed that adolescent patients with allergic diseases had anxieties and fears about their disease, and experienced both maladjustment events that occurred due to the disease and disease-related consequences. Therefore, while encouraging them, it is important to provide them with support to facilitate their continued self-management of disease, accepting the disease, and promoting good interpersonal relationships.

 Purpose : The purpose of this study is to investigate the thoughts of fathers who have a child from birth through infancy with congenital heart disease, and to determine what nurses can do to support these fathers.

 Methods : A qualitative descriptive research design was used in this study. A semi-structured interview was conducted with 12 fathers who had a child with congenital heart disease. Fathers were asked about their thoughts and feelings in regard to their child, their wife, and their own experiences.

 Results : The fathers’ responses were divided into 9 main categories and 27 subcategories. From their child’s birth, fathers’ feelings fluctuated over time as they considered their child’s disease process and child’s future. Fathers were frustrated, fought against helplessness, and felt anxious as they made decisions about their child’s care. They also felt pressured, as they had to support their wife and try to meet other’s expectations as a husband and a father.

 Considerations : It is necessary for nurses to understand and support not only sick children and their mothers, but also their fathers, who may have complicated feelings and thoughts. Because fathers of sick children often do not express their emotions, they may miss opportunities to receive effective support and care. It is also important to let those fathers know that health care professional are also on their side and trying to understand their thoughts and feelings.

 The purpose of this study was to describe the experiences of mother’s with a child disable due to a sudden illness by focusing on the parent-child interaction and to consider nursing aid. A semi-structured interviews were conducted with 9 mothers. Analysis of the interview date revealed the following themes : “unexpected changes in everyday life with my child” “returning to an unchanged home but noticing new changes in my child and myself” “controlling my feelings and behaviors” “sensing my feelings and thoughts as a mother when spending time with my child” “having a good time for both my child and for me” “for the first time learning the thought of the child disabled due to sudden illness” “considering my child’s mind” These themes contained a total of 10 categories. Nurses should support to parents pile-up the daily life after the disabled due to a sudden illness. Furthermore, nurses should continue to follow-up on the life and status of the child “considering my child’s mind”.

 Purpose : The purpose of the study was to understand their experiences of “pair nursing” pediatric clinical practice based on peer learning, in which they learn with a partner.

 Method : We conducted group interviews with 14 nursing students and analyzed them qualitatively and descriptively.

 Result : As a result, 7 categories were identified, including “The partners motivated each other to provide better nursing care to children.” “The student nurses were able to learn with their partner how to strengthen relationships with children.” “The student nurses were able to provide better care for children thanks to their partner.” “The student nurses were able to understand children from various angles through learning with their partner.” “The student nurses were able to establish better relationships with their partner as a result of pair nursing practice.” “The student nurses accepted their differences and learned to work well together.” “The students felt that objective evaluations of pair learning were a little vague.” along with 18 sub categories.

 Conclusion : We can assume that nursing students were able to feel more at ease and conduct their practice of “pair nursing”. With regular monitoring between pairs of nursing children, they were able to reflect on their own practice and gain a better understanding of the children.

 The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy of continuous nursing intervention utilizing ICT for children with type 1 diabetes. We included nine children aged 8 to 15 years who were asked to input data, such as blood glucose and insulin levels, on tablet-style mobile devices, using a downloaded application (e-SMBG) for the self-management of diabetes. We reviewed the data input by the children and provided guidance in accordance with nursing intervention for about two months. HbA1c levels, the score of diabetes Self-Care Inventory-revised, and QOL scale before and after intervention were analyzed using t-test and Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Two months later, HbA1c levels significantly decreased and QOL scores increased. Utilizing ICT helped timely guidance and support matched to the children’s lifestyle and improved their motivation and awareness toward independence of self-care behaviors. Supportive interventions utilizing ICT are effective for children who experience psychological problems requiring long-term intervention.

 The objective of this study was to elucidate the changes over time and perceived burden in fathers of very-low-birth-weight infants admitted to the NICU, based on statements by the fathers. The nine fathers in this study underwent semi-structured interviews. Based on graphs drawn by the fathers that showed changes in their perception of burden, the burden they felt was categorized into two perspectives. A qualitative analysis extracted 8 categories, including “wives and children being hospitalized”, “role of supporting family cohesiveness by mitigating stress in the family”, “parenting children”, and “housekeeping role”. The perception of burden among fathers was highest starting when the wives were admitted to the hospital. Various roles overlapped, including concerns about the newborn child, emotional support for the wives and older children, household chores, and trying to balance work and visiting hours. In addition, factors that influenced the perception of burden were whether the newborns were twins and the presence or absence of older siblings. This study highlighted the importance of the kind of support that ⅰ) takes into consideration the stages and individual backgrounds while also focusing on strengths and ⅱ) takes into account the fathers’ feelings.

 The purpose of this study was to clarify the factors that primary caregivers feel are necessary for family resilience in raising medically handicapped children at home, for 10 or more years, until adulthood.

 The subjects were 10 primary caregivers, all of whom were mothers. The research was conducted by means of a questionnaire and interviews, and was qualitative and inductive in nature. The analysis yielded 95 codes, 36 subcategories, and 12 categories of factors. Sorting the categories according to Grotberg’s concept yielded 3 “I AM” categories, 6 “I HAVE” categories, and 3 “I CAN” categories. The results suggested a strong correlation between the ability to continue caring for a child at home and “I AM” factors. Many of the “I HAVE” factors were indispensable for overcoming the challenges necessary for children to continue living at home. With regards to “I CAN” factors, emotional support for the mother seems to be an important factor in the ability to continue caring for a child long-term at home. We may infer that support that is based on these family resilience factors makes it possible for families to raise their medically handicapped children long-term at home.

 Aim: The aim of this study was to clarify nurses’ involvement with families of children with severe motor and intellectual disabilities in their terminal stages, and to identify implications for nursing practice.

 Methods: A qualitative descriptive research method was used. Study participants comprised eight nurses with experience in the care for families of children with severe motor and intellectual disabilities in their terminal stages. Individual semi-structured interviews based on an interview guide were used to collect data.

 Results: Six categories were extracted from interview data as ways in which nurses were involved with families of children with severe motor and intellectual disabilities in their terminal stages: respect the parents, be mindful of the parents’ peace, be close to the child with the parents, maintain the family’s state of being, leave proof that the child was alive, and adjust the care for the family in conjunction with the medical team.

 Conclusion: Nurses’ involvement with families of children with severe motor and intellectual disabilities in their terminal stages is important from the perspective of family centered care.

 The aim of this study is to identify the changes in nurses’perceptions of practice that have occurred as a result of a “practical nursing program focusing on the self-regulation displayed by preschool children undergoing venipuncture.”

 This study included longitudinal data from nine nurses with over 3 years of experience in pediatric nursing. The nurses participated in one practical session prior to the start of the educational program, and two practical sessions after completing the program. In addition, at each timepoint, data was obtained from observation of the nurses’ practice involving children undergoing venipuncture and semi-structured interview after the practice. The data was qualitatively analyzed. The results found that, prior to the program, the nurses stated that their “understanding and judgment of children and care was based on a framework provided by themselves”, but following the program, the nurses shared that they now had a “realization of the significance of care for children through paying attention to the self-regulation of the children”, and spoke of “care oriented toward practice that was meaningful as a means to support children’s self-regulation”. However, the nurses’ experiences of a “fluctuation in the care practices to support children’s self-regulation” were observed across the entire period. These results highlight the importance of accepting nurses with fluctuating thoughts on wanting to support children’s self-regulation, as well as the importance of supporting nurses’ learning through practice.

 This study aimed to describe in their own words the experiences of parents whose children were diagnosed with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in childhood or adolescence, with a focus on parent’s sense in daily life. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with six parents whose child was suffering from IBD in childhood or adolescence. Data were analyzed using a qualitative-inductive method. As a result, 13 categories emerged that characterize the experiences of these parents focusing on parent’s sense in daily life. For example, the 13 categories were “I think a lot about my child’s future and feel anxiety,” “for my child, I struggle with my child’s illness,” “I feel sorry that there are restrictions on child’s meals and daily life,” “unless you are my child, you can’t understand his/her thought,” “I understand my child’s feelings and wishes from his/her unexpected expressions.” From the results of this study, parents experienced that they felt their children having sense of self in adolescence. For example, parents became aware of their children’s feelings and thoughts from his/her expressions. On the other hand, parents accumulated the subjective experience that they had mixed feelings when they recognized their children’s unstable physical condition and future prospect. It is important that parents are being respected as a person and supported having their sense of self when their children move from adolescence to adulthood.

 Aim: To examine the reliability and validity of “The Child-Nursing Student Relational Assessment Scale” as a self-assessment scale for students to assess their relationships with children in the first few days of a pediatric nursing practicum.

 Methods: As an overview of the study, the first stage was to establish constructs and operational definitions for an assessment scale of relationships with children. Items were selected based on operational definitions of constructs. Content validity and face validity of the scale items were examined with faculty members and with students of nursing university. Items were revised based on the results of, leading to the creation of a draft scale of 55 items. Reliability and validity of the draft scale were then examined. Reliability and validity were examined through a questionnaire survey conducted with 1,132 nursing students. Analysis was conducted through factor analysis, Cronbach’s alpha, and correlation with external reference. All the studies were approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the author’s institution.

 Results: In total, 190 valid responses were obtained. Through item analysis and exploratory factor analysis (principal factor, Promax rotation), 25 items were deleted and a 30-item scale with three subscales was created. Cronbach’s alpha was 0.758-0.920. Significant positive correlations were observed with external criteria, indicating concurrent validity.

 Discussion: The reliability and validity of the scale were confirmed. By using this selfassessment scale to assess relationships with children in the first few days of a pediatric nursing practicum, students were able to ascertain the current state of these relationships.

 We investigated a questionnaire survey to clarify the reality of medical ethical decision-making, the reality of nurses’ participation, and factors related to nurses’ participation. 1. There were 29 target diseases including very low birth weight, trisomy 18, and severe neonatal asphyxia. Furthermore, it was revealed that families do not participate in decision-making and sometimes are not subject to the decisions. 2. Nurses understood well that decision-making concerned the condition of the child, but “the hope of parents” affected the decision about the treatment of the child. 3. Of all nurses surveyed, 26.1% had experienced participating in decision-making. Factors related to participation were recognition of “classification of Tokyo Women’s Medical University” and “guidelines of Yodogawa Christian Hospital.” Based on the above results, the required roles of nurses are 1. to provide information for the family to become the decision-making entity to support the decision-making process by listening to their thoughts, 2. to make decisions from the position of children, and 3. to construct a learning system as an organization in order for the nurses themselves to participate in decision-making.