The purpose of this study was to discover the changes in the adaptation of children to the Dental setting, and to discover the relationship between the adaptation, and the personality of the child, the personality of the mother, as well as the relationship between the mother and child. The subjects were 60 two to six year old children and their mothers who visited at the Department of Pedodontics, School of Dentistry, Showa University. The results were as follows:
1) The changes of adaptation were classified in groups of four classes. Four groups: Continuous Adaptability (45.0%)
Acquired Adaptability (18.3%)
Continuous Inadaptability (16.7%)
Extreme Inadaptability (20.0%)
2) The inadaptability groups (Continuous Inadaptability and Extreme Inadaptability)of the two to three year old children did not correlate to the change of adaptation and personality of the child, and the relationship between the mother and child.
3) The extreme inadaptability group with the four year old children showed a connection with the change of adaptation and the various Phycological Tests.
Concerning personality, the children showed elements of “dependence” “retrogression”and “maladaptation to school (kindergarten)”.
Concerning the mother child relationship, there were elements of “anxiety”“dotage” “follow blindly” “disagreement”.
4) Nobody showed extreme inadaptability in the group of five to six year old children.
Continuous Inadaptability group with the five to six year old children showed scarcely any problems.
5) The Personality of mother did not cerrelate to the change of adaptation of children in the dental setting.

View full abstract

The purpose of this study was to investigate the method of diagnosis of deciduous tooth pulpitis to make sure of the extent of the inflammation for more appropriate pulp therapy.
The subjects were 100 decayed deciduous teeth of the 81 normal healthy children aged from 2y9m to 11y2m, which justified the vital pulp amputation therapy according to Nagasaka's deciduous tooth pulpitis diagnosis criteria.
The blood picture was compared with the histological structure of the coronal pulp and then observed after treatment. The diagnosis of the deciduous tooth pulpitis was considered by the blood picture in the dental pulp. The results were as follows.
1. As to the blood picture in the deciduous dental pulp, it was suggested that the lymphocyte ratio was able to be taken for the discrimination of the deciduous tooth pulpitis, because ratio of lymphocyte in the coronal pulp was higher than its normal values in the peripheral blood picture regardless of the age.
2. As to the histological sturcture of the removed coronal pulp, the inflammatory degree was divided into 4 types; (-) no evidence of inflammation, (+) slightly confined infiltration of the inflammatory cells, (++) slightly or moderately diffused infiltration, (_??_)scverely dlffused infiltratlon, when the numbers of the case at each degree type were (-) 0, (+) 37, (++) 47 and (_??_)16 cases.
3. As to the ratio of the lymphocyte ratio over 60% against all at each degree type, (+)86.5% and (++) 61.7% were much higher than (_??_) 0%.
4. The ratio of cases in which it was difficult to control bleeding at ratios of the coronal pulp amputations were type (+) 32.4% and (++) 25.5% in typ e, however, type (_??_) showed high rate (62.5%).
5. As a result of the clinical and X-ray examination after vital pulp amputation therapy, the number of poor case was 12 of 42 cases (28.6%) in type (+)(++) and 4 of 4 cases (100%) in type (+++).
6. This result suggests that the vital pulp amputation therapy is not adequate when it is hard to control bleeding and the lymphocyte ratio of blood picture in the coronal pulp shows under 57%.

View full abstract

Cyclosporin-A (CsA) which is an effective immunosuppressive agent to control the rejection of organ transplants causes gingival overgrowth as one of accompanying side effects. However, the mechanism of this particular gingival overgrowth still remains unclear.
This seems to be largely due to the difficulty of reproducing gingival overgrowth in experimental animals, especially in rodents. The purpose of the present study was to establish a rat model for CsA-induced gingival overgrowth. Specific pathogen-free Fischer and Sprague-Dawley rats (20 days old) were used and fed a caries inducing diet containing CsA. The degree of gingival overgrowth was measured, and histological examination of the gingival sections was performed.
The results obtained were as follows;
1. Marked gingival overgrowth was noted around mandibular molars of all rats fed died 2000 containing 56% sucrose supplemented with CsA (a diet of 120-200 mg/kg). This overgrowth was more conspicuous in buccal than in lingual gingiva. However, there were no differences between the two strains of rat in the macroscopic findings as well as in the severity of CsA-induced gingival overgrowth.
2. Rats receiving CsA treatment for 40 days (at 63 days of age) showed the maximum level of gingival overgrowth in both strains of rats. When the gingival sulcus depths at 48 days of age were compared, the S.D. rats seemed to be a higher responder to CsA than the Fischer rats.
3. CsA treated rats showed significantly higher plaque scores than untreated rats. However, CsA-induced gingival overgrowth was little affected by this enhancement of plaque accumulation in the rats infected with S.sobrinus.
4. Histopathological examination of the gingivae showing CsA-induced gingival overgrowth revealed that the major bulk of the enlarged gingivae consisted of a wide and elongated fibrous connective tissue. Also these findings were similar with those of gingiva in humans treated with CsA
It is hoped that this animal model will prove an useful tool for the elucidation of this particular gingival pathosis.

View full abstract

The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of thermal cycling on the adhesion of the resin on the young permanent ground enamel which was etched with different etching times.
Labial surfaces of 50 extracted and frozen bovine mandibular young permanent incisors were used. The etchant used in this study was 40% phospholic acid gel and the etching times were 0, 10, 20, 30 and 60 seconds. All of the specimens were washed with an air water spray after etching. The bonding agent and composite resin used in this study were Photo Bond and Photo Clearfil A (Kurarav Co. ). After thermal cycling tests of 10,000 temperature cycles between 600°C and 4°C water baths, shear bond strengths on the ground enamel were measured. After the shear bond strength tests, all the test surfaces of the enamel and resin specimens were observed using the SEM. The results of this study were compared with the previous results which were not thermal-cycled.
The following conclusions were obtained.
1) The etching time which showed the highest bond strength was 30 seconds (45.21±8.49Mpa).
2) When the enamel was etched with all of the etching times, the bond strength were significantly higher than that of the enamel without etching.
3) In the etched groups, the bond strength with 20 seconds of etching time was significantly lower than those with 10, 30 and 60 seconds of etching times.
4) In the 10, 30 and 60 seconds etching times, the bond strengths with thermalcycled groups were significantly higher than those without thermal-cycled groups.
5) On the enamel specimens after the shear bond strength tests, the frequency of the clear prism structures observed on the enamel was higher in the groups which showed higher bond strengths. However, the differences were not significant.

View full abstract

We prepared new root canal cements for trial. These cements were comprized of calcium aluminate and calcium hydroxyde for setting in a root canal and a bioabsorbable property. The biocompatibility of these cements were then evaluated with kinds of cytotoxicity tests and were compared with three kinds of root canal cements on the market such as Calvital (CV), Canals (CA) and Neodyne (ND).
As a result of the millipore filter test using HeLa cells, three kinds of trial cements and CV showed moderate cytotoxicity at every stage. The toxicity of CA and ND were related to the period of administration and the two products showed severe cytotoxicity 24 hours after the administration. The cell growth inhibition test using L-929 cells revealed that the inhibition of the three kinds of trial cements was based on a strong alkalinity caused by calcium hydroxyde and the inhibition on the cell growth was related to the calcium hydroxyde content in these cements. However, the inhibition of these cements was smaller than that of CV and they showed no inhibition in the last stage of the cell culture, while CA and ND caused the mild inhibition.
Therefore, we have concluded that these trial cements are useful for root canal filling because they have better affinity to the cultured cells than CV, CA and ND.

View full abstract

FluoroBond^TM is one kind of fluoride releasing, visible light-activated bonding system for orthodontic bracket placement. The first aim of this study was to investigate the fluoride release from FluoroBond. The second aim of this study was to determine the fluoride uptake by human enamel which was immersed in distilled water for 30 days in contact with FluoroBond. The third aim of this study was to demonstrate the fluoride uptake by human enamel adjacent to the bracket as well as by the human enamel beneath the bracket which was placed using FluoroBond, and immersed for 30 days in distilled water. The results obtained were as follows.
1) A great amount of fluoride was released from FluoroBond immediately after immersion. The fluoride released weakend rapidly over the first 10 days. However, the fluoride released became stable after the 10th day.
2) The uptake of fluoride from FluoroBond was large both on the surface and the subsurface enamel in contact with it.
3) When FluoroBond was used as a bracket bonding material, fluoride was absorbed from FluoroBond by the enamel not only under the bracket but also adjacent to the bracket.

View full abstract

A statistical study was carried out to evaluate the dental caries of permanent teeth in the elementary school children (208 boys and 165 girls,373 children of total)in the town of Fuji, Saga Prefectur, which is a mountain village, by means of psychological test and investigation of the living environment of children and their parents. The following results were obtained:
1. In analysis of the relationship between the increase of dental caries and personality characteristics, was shown a tendency toward a low degree of direct of correlation. However, in analysis of quantification type III, it was proven that personality characteristics that as dependency, regression, nervousness and emotional instability related to an increase in dental caries.
2. In the analysis of the relationship between living environments and personality characteristics, a tendency towards a low personality profile was recognized in the children with an increase of dental caries.
3. In pasticvcal, there was a distortion of the personality characteristics of slefuncontrol and dependency.
4. In comparing the first half of the elementary school year with the last half, a difference in the living environment and personality characteristics was observed during the last half year.
5. The results obtained in this study indicated that early discovery of problems in the living environment and synthetic approach during the first half of the elementary school year were important for the prevention of dental caries of per manent teeth.

View full abstract

The present study characterized the microbial profiles of the gingival sulci in children. Subgingival samples from 36 gingivitis lesions of 18 patients and 36sites in 18 healthy persons were examined. The tested individuals were divided into three stages according to physiological maturation i. e. early childhood, school age, circumpuberty. Puberty was confirmed through examination of wrist radiographs. Using continuous anaerobic techniques, samples were dispersed, diluted and then inoculated on selective and nonselective media and cultured under the condition appropriate gaseous phase respectively. Isolates were identified microbiologically and counted. All values were evaluated statistically. The samples were simultaneously examined by dark-field microscopy.
Changes in the proportions and the frequency of periodontophathic bacteria were distinct in different stages of physiological maturation. Black-pigmented Bacteroides species were commonly found in gingivitis lesions.
Bacteroides intermedius was frequently detected in the subgingival samples from children with gingivitis. In all stages, the proportion of black-pigmented Bacteroides and B. intermedius in the gingivitis groups were found to be significantly higher than that of the healthy groups. Statistical analysis revealed that levels of B. intermedius increased in circumpuberty stage compared with the 2 younger stages. Black-pigmented Bacteroides and B. intermedius were closely related to GI, PlI in 3 stages. Bacteroides gingivalis was found only in two gingivitis sites of a circumpubertal child with gingivitis.
Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans was detected in 4 out of 12 sites in the school age group, and in 6 out of 12 sites in the circumpuberty group with gingivitis respectively. In the circumpuberty group, the proportion of A. actinomycetemcomitans in the gingivitis group was significantly higher than that of the healthy group, and A. actinomycetemcomitans was closely related to GI, PH, CI, PPD. Eikenella corrodens was found to be associated with gingivitis in the school age and circumpuberty groups. No correlation was found in the detection of Fusobacterium nucleatum in 3 stages.
Microscopic examination showed that the proportion of rods, fusiforms, filaments, motile rods, spirochetes in the gingivitis groups was significantly higher than that of the healthy groups, while the proportion of cocci in gingivitis groups was significantly lower than that of the healthy groups in 3 stages. Spirochetes were closely related to GI, PlI, PPD in all stages.

View full abstract

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the erosive properties of sport drinks and to clarify the facts which effect these properties.
We analysed the contents of 3 kinds of sport drinks and measured their capacity to dissolve hydroxyapatite in vitro under several duration times.
The following results were obtained:
1) The pH Values of the sport drinks ranged from 2.91 to 4.07.
2) The total sugar concentration of the sport drinks ranged from 3.24 to 5.95%. The sugar were consisted mainly to sucrose, glucose and fructose, but their proportion in the sport drinks had different values respectively.
3) After stirring for 1 and 5 minutes, there was a negative correlation (Spearmann's rank correlation coefficient test) between the pH values of the sport drinks and the amounts of Ca²⁺ released into them. And after stirring for 10 and 20 minutes, there was a negative correlation between the Ca concentrations of the sport drinks and the amounts of Ca²⁺ released into them.
4) The addition of sugar to the sport drinks showed no effect on their capacity to dissolve hydroxyapatite.
The results suggested that tooth erosion depends on the pH value of the sport drink at the early stage when the tooth contacted it, and also tooth erosion depends on the Ca concentration of the sport drink when the tooth is in contact with it for a long time.

View full abstract

The caries-inducing activity of soybean-oligosaccharide (SOR: stachyose- and raffinose-rich sugar mixture) was examined in in vitro andin vivo experiments. Streptococcus mutans MT 8148R fermented SOR and produced acids. However Streptococcus sobrinus 6715 did not ferment. SOR was not able to act as a substrate for crude glucosyltransferases (GTase) of these mutans streptococci to synthesize the water-insoluble glucan. However, SOR did not inhibit the synthesis of waterinsoluble glucan from sucrose by crude GTase.
SOR was proved to be oflow cariogenicity in rats infected with S. sobrinus 6715.

View full abstract

The role of successional tooth germ and occlusal force in root resorption of mandibular second deciduous molars was studied in 24 beagle dogs by means of radiographic and histologic evaluations.70 days after birth their mandibular right third permanent premolar germs were surgically removed, and in 10 of the dogs the maxillary right and leftsecond deciduous molars were extracted to decrease the occlusal force on the mandibular second deciduous molars.
1) When successional tooth germs were present, whether the occlusal force was normal or decreased, the alveolar bone and deciduous tooth adjacent to the tooth germ were resorbed, accompanied by eruption of the permanent tooth. After the resorption of the deciduous tooth reached half of the root, many odontoclasts were observed in the dental pulp of the deciduous tooth. The root resorption was hastened by internal resorption.
2) When successional tooth germs were removed, whether the occlusal force was normal or decreased, the root resorption was delayed. The resorption from the root surface progressed very slowly, but shortly after this resorption reached the pulp, internal resorption occurred and the deciduous tooth was resorbed in short time.
3) When the occlusal force was decreased, in the deciduous teeth in which successional tooth germs were present, the tooth resorption tended to delay to a later time. However in the deciduous teeth from which the successional tooth germs were removed, the processes of tooth resorption was very different in individuals, the difference between tooth resorption in normal occlusal force and in decreased occlusal force was not clear.
4) In all groups, shallow resorption on the deciduous root surface was observed before the successional tooth started to erupt, and this resorption was apart from the tooth germ. By repeating resorptive periods and resting periods, this resorption progressed according to the increase in age, and in the resting period, resorption was repaired by new deposits of cementum.

View full abstract

A case of a primary supernumerary tooth in a 18 month old girl was reported.
1. The supernumerary tooth was located in the maxillary incisor area.
2. The maxillary left primary central incisor and the primary supernumerary tooth were impacted.
3. The clinical and radiographic findings indicated that the primary tooth in the mesial position was the supernumerary tooth, and therefore it was removed.
4. Three days after extraction of the mesiodens, the left primary central incisor erupted. The tooth completely erupted in two months.
5. The radiographic examination showed no supernumerary succedenous teeth.

View full abstract

A case of pulmonary atresia with intact ventricular septum in a 4-year-4-month boy, whose dental treatment was performed under general anesthesia, was reported. For the general anesthesia, the medication Digoxin was stopped 24 hours before the treatment. For the prevention of bacterial endocarditis, medication consisting on antibiotics of the pencilline series was administered 24 hours before the treatment. The anesthsia was administered with the modified N. L. A. method with Ketamin and Diazepam.
The dental treatment went smoothly, and was finished within 1-hour-15 mins from the start. Anesthesia was administered for 1-hour-45 mins. The prognosis was good, and the patient was discharged the next day.
It should be noted that as for performing dental treatment under anesthesia or not using anesthesia, there are some different opinions.
We think that it must be discussed from the point of view of the effect of the dental treatment on the patient versus the danger of the anesthesia. In this case, we found that, under general anesthesia, stress of the patient was reduced, and the dental treatment was able to be performed smoothly and safely.

View full abstract

The oral condition of a 7 year old boy at the 12th and 13th remission induction therapy sessions since contracting acute lymphatic leukemia was investigated clinically and microbiologically.
The findings obtained were as follows:
1) The appearance of gingivitis coincided with the decrease of white blood cells 7 to 9 days after administration of the anti-leukopenic drugs.
2) Gingivitis appeared on the same site of the oral cavity at both remission induction therapies sessions.
3) The bleeding from the gingival lesions corresponded to the decrease of blood platelet at both remission induction therapies sessions. Conversely, gingivitis disappeared with the improvement of peripheral blood conditions.
4) The total number of oral bacteria decreased after administration of the antibiotics, although the ratio of Candida in the oral microbial flora increased markedly.
5) Typical symptoms of oral candidiasis were not observed after the appearance of the microbisme substitute.

View full abstract

The prognosis in the pulpotomy procedure with Formocresol during primary teeth has an excellent clinical results.
On the other hand, some reports of a poor prognosis in radiographic findings were found. To obtaine valuable information about the indications for pulpotomy procedures is quite difficult in the case of children concerning.
In 1972, Kurihara reported radiographic findings the indications for the pulpotomy procedure in primary molars with a stable stage having no root absorption.
The authors investigated the clinical and radiographic changes 6 months after the pulpotomy procedure with Formocresol.
26 primary lower molars having four criteria obtained from 3 to 7 year old patients were treated, and 4 primary lower molars were used as controls without the criteria.
We found that the dental lamina dura were an especially important finding to judge the indications for pulpotomy with Formocresol in primary molars.

View full abstract

Achodroplasia is caracterized by an undergrowth of arms and legs bones, low height and undergrowth of the Basis cranil. The name of this disease was called Chondrodystrohia foetalis before Parrot reported the name of this disease as Achondroplasia, distinguished from other similar diseases.
We are reporting in this paper on an 11-year,2-month-old girl with Achondroplasia. The dental findings as follows:
1) Open bite was observed for the front teeth.
2) The size, number, form and growth of the teeth were usual.
3) The tongue was a little bigger than usual.
4) According to X-ray cephalometric analysis, undergrowth of the Basis cranii and relative anterior cross-bite were visible.

View full abstract

A 7-year old boy visited the dental hospital complaining that the upper left second deciduous molar had not erupted.
Radiographs showed that the crown of this tooth existed near the apex of the upper left first molar.
Inversion of the second deciduous molar and second premolar was definite.
There were no differences in location, size and shape between the left and right second premolars.
A tooth-like object was observed near by the germ of the left second premolar.
The impacted molar was examined histopathologically after extraction and consequently it was found that it was a supernumerary tooth.
New radiographs were made which suggested that the succedaneous premolar developed normally.
The tooth germ of the primolar develops on the lingual side of the deciduous molar and moves in the level of the occlusal plane of the primary molar.
Later they are found between the divergent roots and, at the end of the preeruptive phase, below the roots of the primary molars.
We concluded that the supernumerary tooth disturbed this adjustment.

View full abstract

We found pure primary supernumerary teeth in the maxillary right deciduous incisor region of a 3 year 11 month old girl.
We reported the results of her oral and X-ray analysis results.
We would like to report our findings on the results of her oral and X-ray analysis.
1) Two of the primary supernumerary teeth were found between the incisor and canine teeth in the right side of the primary dental arch, and their color, form and size were very similar to normal primary lateral incisor teeth.
2) We also found pure secondary supernumerary teeth by means of X-ray analysis.
3) We suggest that the permeability of the X-ray is important for the ascertainment of both primary and secondary supernumerary teeth by mean of X-ray analysis.

View full abstract

A 4-year-old boy was examined with a chief complaint of “Delayed eruption of maxillary right deciduous central incisor”.
Oral examination revealed a firm swelling on the labial gingiva at the right deciduous incisor of maxilla. Radiographic examination revealed that odontomalike substances disturbed the eruption of the central deciduous maxillary incisor. The odontoma-like substances were removed surgically and examined histopathologically.
The thin sections showed findings typical of a Calcifying Odontogenic Cyst with Odontoma.

View full abstract

We have been treating a girl with hemifacial hypertrophy since she was 5 years 8 months years old.
We analyzed her stomatognathic function, the dentition and occlusion, X-ray findings of TMJ, tooth contact and measurements of mandibular movement, at 9 years 2 months.
The results were as follows:
1. The maxillary dental arch was almost symmetrical, but the mandibular one was complicatedly distorted in the up and down directions, and largely shifted to the left side. As a result the patient was able to occlude in the severe cross-bite condition of the area from incisors to left molars.
2. The patient had many tooth contact points on the right side and few on the left side when she bit at the intercuspal position and at the both lateral excursions.
3. From the analysis of the mandibular movements on the protrusion, lateral excursion and maximum open and close positions, it was suspected that the shift of right condyle was much less than the left one, and showed as almost rotating movement.
4. It could be concluded that the patient was accustomed to having more tooth contacts in the right dentition than in the left one because of the hypertrophy of the right half of mandible, so that she could only masticate with the right teeth also the anterior displacement of disk with reduction was resulted on the right condyle and the asymmetrical mandibular movement was noted.

View full abstract