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Volume 50 (2012)
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- Issue 4 Pages 275-
- Issue 3 Pages 161-
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Volume 50, Issue 3
Displaying 1-14 of 14 articles from this issue
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REVIEW
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Yuko FUJITA2012 Volume 50 Issue 3 Pages 161-169
Published: June 25, 2012
Released on J-STAGE: March 17, 2015
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn the Annual Report of School Hearth Statistics in 2011, the prevalence of asthma and other allergic diseases among Japanese children has increased during the past two decades, and the use of glucocorticoids for asthma patients has so increased. However, even short-term administration of glucocorticoids is known to stunt bone growth and increase risk of fracture. At present, bisphosphonates are used as the first-line drugs for the treatment of glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis for adult patients, whereas no evidence has been presented in children and adolescents. We evaluated effects of the bisphosphonate (risedronate) treatment on the bone changes in established glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis growing rats. Risedronate improved the decrease in bone strength, in addition, regulates different bone turnover in trabecular and cortical bones in the growing rat mandible. In the present study, no gross histopathologic findings of bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis were found in the rat mandible. Therefore, we need the analysis the relationship bacteria, such as those involved in periodontal diseases and osteonecrosis of the jaw in elderly patients to elucidate the pathogenesis of bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis.View full abstractDownload PDF (1159K) -
Tsutomu IWAMOTO2012 Volume 50 Issue 3 Pages 170-174
Published: June 25, 2012
Released on J-STAGE: March 17, 2015
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSCartilage formation with subsequent skeletal formation in childhood is very important for growth and development of children. Most bones develop by endochondral ossification, a process to replace a template of hyaline cartilage with bone. Endochondral ossification including cartilage resorption and bone formation requires a carefully orchestrated interplay of three major cell types : chondrocytes,osteoclasts and osteoblasts. Recent advances in molecular biological techniques have provided insight into the differentiation mechanisms of those cells.Pannexin 3, a gap junction protein, was found in cartilage cDNA by bioinformatical analysis. Pannexin 3 is expressed by prehypertrophic chondrocyte in growth plate, and regulates chondrocyte proliferation and differentiation by ATP hemichannel.Here this paper describes the process of endochondral ossification and discuss the role of pannexin 3 in cartilage development.View full abstractDownload PDF (914K) -
Kyoko OKA2012 Volume 50 Issue 3 Pages 175-181
Published: June 25, 2012
Released on J-STAGE: March 17, 2015
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe mandible is an important structure involved in the essential functions of breathing and mastication. Many human syndromes with craniofacial anomalies include defects in mandible formation. To investigate the role of Transforming growth factor β (TGF-β ) in regulating the fate of cranial neural crest cells (CNC) during mandibular, we generated the mutant mice with tissue-specific Tgfbr2 gene ablation using Cre/loxP recombination system exclusively in the cranial neural crest lineage (Tgfbr2fl/fl ; Wnt1-Cre : Tgfbr2 CKO). Tgfbr2 CKO mice show mandible defects including abnormal shape of Meckel's cartilage, small mandibular bone and perturbed chondrogenesis in the proximal region of the mandible. TGF-β signaling stimulates the proliferation activity of chondrocyte in Meckel's cartilage through Ctgf and of osteoblast in mandibular through Msx1 expression. Specifically, the appearance of chondrocytes in Tgfbr2 CKO mice is delayed and they are smaller in size in the condylar process and completely missing in the angular process. TGF-β signaling controls Sox9 expression in the proximal region, because Sox9 expression is delayed in condylar processes and missing in angular process in Tgfbr2 CKO mice. Moreover, cartilage formation is replaced by bone the results of accelerated osteoblast differentiation by elevated Runx2 and Dlx5 expression in osteo-chondroprogenitor cells. Additionally, deletion of Dlx5 in Tgfbr2 CKO mice resulted in the rescue of cartilage formation in the angular processes. Collectively, our data suggest that there are differential signal cascades in response to TGF-β to control chondrogenesis and osteogenesis during mandibular development.View full abstractDownload PDF (972K) -
Satoko INAGAKI2012 Volume 50 Issue 3 Pages 182-187
Published: June 25, 2012
Released on J-STAGE: March 17, 2015
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSStreptococcus mutans, a primary causative agent of dental caries, is known to synthesize adhesive glucans from sucrose by the actions of glucosyltransferases (GTFs ; GTFB, GTFC, and GTFD), which are considered to mediate firm adherence of bacterial cells to tooth surfaces, leading to biofilm formation. The recombinase A (RecA) protein has been shown to be essential for transformation of plasmid and chromosomal DNA in Streptococcus pneumoniae. In this study, a RecA-deficient mutant strain RAD was constructed by insertional inactivation of the recA gene encoding the RecA protein in S. mutans MT8148, after which the biological functions of acid tolerance and biofilm formation were investigated. The RAD strain had a lower rate of growth in pH 5.0 medium as compared to the parental strain MT8148. In an attempt to evaluate the viability of biofilm formed by the strains, the biofilm formed by RAD had a greater number of dead cells scattered throughout. The decreased viability of RAD biofilm was caused by sensitivity to acid, which may also contribute to defects in its formation. In addition, when the sucrose concentration in the medium was increased, MT8148 formed higher quality biofilm with greater cell density as compared to that formed by RAD, which was altered and had a lower density. These results suggest that RecA is an important factor for acid tolerance and gtf expression in biofilm formation by S. mutans.View full abstractDownload PDF (1042K)
ORIGINAL ARTICLE
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Chizuru ARAI, Ayumi MAKIGUCHI, Miyabi TAKAHASHI, Makoto SAITO, Mitsuro ...2012 Volume 50 Issue 3 Pages 188-192
Published: June 25, 2012
Released on J-STAGE: March 17, 2015
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe reference standard value of tooth germ development and tooth eruption have been reported by Nolla, Schour and Massler, Moorrees, etc, and are used in daily clinical practice.Recently, we have the impression that we encounter cases where the beginning of calcification in mandibular premolar germs is slower than the reference standard value. It is important to know whether the reference standard value for the diagnostic criteria reflects the real condition or not, because the congenital absence of premolars affects the treatment plan for the deciduous predecessors.In this research, we investigated whether a time discrepancy exists between the degree of actual calcification of the first and the second premolar germs and their standard time of calcification using dental x-ray films taken in the Pony Dental Clinic located at Edogawa area in Tokyo.The study examined 296 dental X-ray films taken from child patients (male : 143, female : 153) for the diagnosis of caries on their first and second deciduous molars. Calcification stage of successive premolar germs was evaluated using the classification by Nolla.Calcification of both the first and the second premolar germs tended to occur later than the standard. The time differences between the first and the second premolars was also bigger than the standard.Although it is true that the mandibular second premolar is the most frequently congenitally missing tooth, these results indicate careful and sufficient observation is required for the diagnosis of a congenitally missing tooth. In addition, further nationwide investigation of calcification of premolar germs is necessary in Japan.View full abstractDownload PDF (1093K) -
A Comparative Study among Five Local AnestheticsSachi GOTOH, Mizuho MOTEGI, Ayako YABUSHITA, Zenzo MIWA, Yuzo TAKAGI2012 Volume 50 Issue 3 Pages 193-201
Published: June 25, 2012
Released on J-STAGE: March 17, 2015
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSScandonestⓇ, a short-action dental local anesthetic, is supplemented without vasoconstrictor, preservative or antioxidant. Therefore, the anesthetic could be useful for pediatric patients. However,only a few clinical studies have been reported to date in Japan.In this study, we aimed to investigate the clinical utility of ScandonestⓇin pediatric dentistry. The subjects of this study comprised 148 patients in need of local anesthesia for dental treatment at the Dental Hospital, Tokyo Medical and Dental University. We administered a questionnaire to the patients and their dentists. Each dentist chose and used one of the following five kinds of local anesthetic : ScandonestⓇ, CitanestⓇ, Citanest with OctapressinⓇ, XylocaineⓇand ORAⓇInj. Cartridge.The results indicate that the anesthetic effect and pain during dental treatment are comparable among these anesthetics. There were significant differences in discomfort level after dental treatment,and the discomfort from ScandonestⓇtended to be less compared to the other anesthetics.These results suggest that ScandonestⓇcould be used as an effective local anesthetic, performing similarly to other anesthetics. Therefore, except for invasive treatments and dental treatments lasting longer than 30 minutes, ScandonestⓇwould be useful in pediatric dentistry.View full abstractDownload PDF (1056K) -
Second Report : Method to Quantitatively Evaluate the Movement of the ArmYong YU, Eijiro ARIMURA, Emi INADA, Issei SAITOH, Chiaki ITO, Yoshihik ...2012 Volume 50 Issue 3 Pages 202-209
Published: June 25, 2012
Released on J-STAGE: March 17, 2015
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThere are many opportunities for teaching of tooth brushing in dental clinical practice. However, an obvious index to assess the brushing motion skill of patients has not been established. We have reported that an individual's frequency during tooth brushing can provide a numerical index to assess their brushing motion skill. Tooth brushing motion is a detailed coordinated movement between the arm and oral cavity. A method is needed to objectively assess, instruct and educate about tooth brushing motion, and to clarify the evidence-based component of an individual's frequency and detailed regulation of arm movement during tooth brushing.In this study, we focused on arm motion during tooth brushing. Tooth brushing motion, performed by a dental hygienist for 15 seconds, was captured using a motion-capture system that continuously calculates the three-dimensional coordinates of an object's motion relative to the floor. The dental hygienist brushed the buccal side of the right and left upper molars. The frequency and power spectrum of joint angles of the shoulder, elbow and wrist were calculated and analyzed statistically.Study conclusions :1)All arm joints moved synchronously during brushing of both the upper right and left molars.2)Tooth brushing motion was controlled by coordinated movement of the joints of the arm. The results suggest that the shoulder and wrist regulate brushing on the right side, and the wrist does the same on left side.3)The results suggest that the elbow generates an individual's frequency through a stabilizing movement rather than through detailed control of movements on the right and left sides.View full abstractDownload PDF (1060K) -
Mikihiko YAGI, Chiduyo KAGAWA, Kazuhiro SHIMAMURA2012 Volume 50 Issue 3 Pages 210-217
Published: June 25, 2012
Released on J-STAGE: March 17, 2015
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSStudies of respiration and circulatory dynamics of children under body restraint during dental treatment, have shown marked increases in heart rate and significant decreases in percutaneous oxygen saturation of arterial blood. Although, caution has been advised concerning the body restraint of children and disabled patients on the basis of these clinical studies, there has been no detailed study on the relationship between the pressure of body restraint and changes in respiration and circulatory dynamics in pediatric patients because of ethical considerations.This study evaluated the effect of body restraint of uncooperative patients during dental procedures on respiration and circulatory dynamics by measuring arterial pressure, central venous pressure, heart rate, respiratory rate, and blood gas analysis in 13 Japanese white rabbits (16-week-old).Significant elevations of central venous pressure and respiratory rate were observed after 5 minutes of body restraint at pressures of 25, 50, and 100 mmHg. Blood gas analysis also showed significant decreases in PaO2, significant increases in PaCO2, and decreases in blood pH.These results suggest that body restraint of even a short duration can exert adverse effects on respiration and circulatory dynamics, and the possibility of hypercapnia and hypoxia. Because a rapid decrease in blood pressure was also noted after release from body restraint, we consider it important to observe patients after body restraint. In addition, we believe that this rabbit research model is effective for studying the several effects of body restraint and further nociceptive stimulation.View full abstractDownload PDF (1435K) -
Hiroshi IWASAKI, Tomohiro MIZUTANI, Akira NAKAYAMA, Hiroo MIYAZAWA2012 Volume 50 Issue 3 Pages 218-228
Published: June 25, 2012
Released on J-STAGE: March 17, 2015
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWe performed dental examinations and a questionnaire survey of children living in central cities and suburban areas of Siem Reap, Cambodia, and examined relationships between caries prevalence and living environments of these children.1.No significant difference in caries prevalence was observed between children living in central cities and suburban areas.2.Caries prevalence was 95.5% in 3-year olds, 99.0% in 5-year olds, and 97.3% in 12-year old children. The mean dft values of 3- and 5-year-old children were 9.2 and 12.3, respectively, and the mean DMFT value of 12-year old children was 5.8, being higher than those of Japanese children. Treatment levels of dental caries were low in all age groups, indicating that sufficient dental treatment had not been provided.3.The children had a habit of eating sweet snacks, which induced caries. These results indicate that is necessary to provide oral health education about caries risk for guardians and their children.4.Oral health education for guardians and proper tooth brushing instructions for children can be expected to help reduce caries risk and contribute to establishing a system for the prevention of dental diseases.View full abstractDownload PDF (864K) -
1 : Findings of Questionnaire Survey made at a Dental Office attached to an Maternity ClinicYuko SHIMANO, Hisae OKA, Mariko KOGAWA, Mari FUJIOKA, Mitsuko INOUE2012 Volume 50 Issue 3 Pages 229-236
Published: June 25, 2012
Released on J-STAGE: March 17, 2015
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn this study 182 pregnant women undergoing prenatal classes were surveyed by questionnaire to assess their awareness of their own oral health and that of their unborn babies. Half of the pregnant women surveyed were in their 30's, and most of them had no previous experience giving birth. In response to a question, half described their current health condition as “good”. Those who had experience with smoking accounted for 30%, and many of them had given up the habit before or after they found they were pregnant. Two women were still smoking. About 90% said they had no problem with brushing their teeth, and the most common reply when asked to suggest “an alternative when brushing is not possible” was to “gargle with water”. As to whether they had a dentist they could consult when they had a problem, about 70% responded “yes”. Regarding concerns about the oral health of their unborn babies, many of them responded “do not know yet”. In descending order, they were most concerned about “dentition”, “dental caries”, and “occlusion”. As for their willingness to adopt breast feeding after giving birth, about 90% responded positively, and many were hoping to feed their baby breast milk as much as possible. With regard to the relationship between smoking or drinking alcohol and premature birth and mother-to-child transmission of cariogenic bacteria, many expressed awareness.On the overall matter of health guidance and advice given to pregnant women, the study found it is necessary to emphasize that proper healthcare management during pregnancy not only promotes the prenatal health of the mother and child but postnatal health as well.View full abstractDownload PDF (1163K) -
Noriko NIIZATO, Ayako BANSYODANI, Satoko OTANI, Noriko GOTO, Yuko IWAM ...2012 Volume 50 Issue 3 Pages 237-242
Published: June 25, 2012
Released on J-STAGE: March 17, 2015
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe number of child abuse cases is increasing rapidly in recent years, and child abuse is a serious issue that should be immediately solved by society as a whole.We visited two child-guidance clinics in Hiroshima Prefecture in Japan, and checked the oral health condition of the abused and non-abused children who had entered the temporary shelters.The rate of the children experiencing dental caries (the dft and DFT ratio) and the rate of the children with untreated teeth (the dt and DT ratio) were higher, and they had experienced more dental caries (the number of dft or DFT) and had more untreated teeth (the number of dt or DT) than children with an ordinary family.Our study shows that it is difficult to judge the existence of abuse for children only by the number of dental caries (dt or DT), but dentists may be able to suspect the maltreatment of children through their bad oral conditions, helping to discover abuse and stopping it at an early stage.View full abstractDownload PDF (921K)
CASE REPORT
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Takeya TANAKA, Shina OHIGASHI, Aiko MIYAMOTO, Yasuo KUWAHARA2012 Volume 50 Issue 3 Pages 243-248
Published: June 25, 2012
Released on J-STAGE: March 17, 2015
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe congenitally missing of successive permanent teeth occurs in some cases with fusion or congenitally missing of anterior deciduous teeth. The purpose of this study was to investigate the frequency of missing of successors associated with fusion or congenitally missing of anterior deciduous teeth.The subjects were 2017 children (1014 boys and 1003 girls), staged at Hellman's dental age deviation IIA, who had visited our dental office.The results were as follows :The frequencies of fused teeth or congenitally missing of deciduous teeth were 3.37 percent and 1.39 percent, respectively. The fused or congenitally missing of teeth were more frequently found in the mandible than in the maxilla.Forty-four fused teeth were lower central and lateral incisors (54.3%), 31 were a lower lateral incisor and canine (38.3%), 6 were upper central and lateral incisors (7.4%), and no fusion of a upper lateral incisor and canine was found in the investigated group.The most frequent congenitally missing of deciduous tooth was the lower lateral incisor (32 teeth, 88.9%), and their successors were congenitally missing in 68.8%.The frequencies of missing permanent successors differed significantly between cases with fusion of the lower lateral incisor and the canine (22 teeth, 71.0% out of 31 teeth) and fusion of the lower central and lateral incisors (7 teeth, 15.9% out of 44 teeth).View full abstractDownload PDF (779K) -
A Case ReportKana FUJITA, Takashi NAKANO, Takeshi TOKURA, Mikio SHIMIZU, Katsutoshi ...2012 Volume 50 Issue 3 Pages 249-255
Published: June 25, 2012
Released on J-STAGE: March 17, 2015
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSFew reports of the ameloblastic fibroma at the deciduous dentition stage have been made due to its rare occurrence. This case report describes an ameloblastic fibroma that occurred in the mandible of a 3-year-old boy.A health examination for the 3-year-old boy revealed impaction of deciduous molar. A panoramic radiograph, taken in the neighboring dental office, showed impaction of the mandibular right second deciduous molar with translucent area around its coronal part. The patient was therefore referred to the Pediatric Dentistry Clinic, School of Dentistry, Aichi-Gakuin University for more detailed examination. CT findings suggested an odontogenic tumor. The patient underwent tumor resection and fenestration, and the tumor was histopathologically diagnosed as ameloblastic fibroma. In this case, the health examination discovered the impacted deciduous molar, which would rarely be a chief complaint by the parents, illustrating the importance of the health examination.There has been no recurrence for 1 year postoperatively. Periodic radiography and long-term follow-up will be necessary to verify the presence or absence of recurrence, eruption of the mandibular right second deciduous molar, tooth germ formation of the successor permanent teeth, and the growth of the mandible.View full abstractDownload PDF (1276K) -
Noboru YAMAGUCHI, Yukiko OOKUMA, Haruyoshi YAMAZA, Keiji MASUDA, Soich ...2012 Volume 50 Issue 3 Pages 256-263
Published: June 25, 2012
Released on J-STAGE: March 17, 2015
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWe report some dental features and clinical approaches in two cases of Williams syndrome at the pediatric clinic of Kyushu University Hospital. Both cases had supravalvular aortic stenosis and mental retardation. Dental features included enamel hypoplasia, malocclusion and congenitally missing teeth.In case No.2, a cephalometric analysis showed that the lower jaw deviated to the front upper side with reverse occlusion. This case may have difficulty brushing his teeth due to functional disorders for spatial perception and micro-actuation. We believe that the treatment plan for case No.1 should consider the information from case No.2. Therefore, treatment should include the prevention of dental caries and periodontal disease, and carrying out the occlusal guidance by analyzing jaw and facial development.View full abstractDownload PDF (1061K)
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