The purpose of this study was to clarify the dietary habits of children,4212 children, aged three to fifteen year, who visited 29 university dental hospitals all over Japan and who were investigated by means of a questionnaire during June and July of 1996.
A portion of the results were as follows.
1) Children three to five years old had breakfast everyday, but 15% of the childrenthirteen to fifteen years old sometimes did not.
2) 30-50% of the children watched T. V. program while they were eating breakfast.
3) 70-80% of the children three to five years old and up 90% of the children thirteen to fifteen years old finished breakfast within 20 minutes.
4) About 40% of the children three to five years old had dinner between 5: 00-6: 00p. m. and about 60% had dinner between 7: 00-8: 00 p. m.3% of the children thirteen to fifteen years old had dinner after 9: 00p. m. and 12% of them had dinner at irregular times.
5) Children three to twelve years old had dinner with their family, but 30% of the children thirteen to fifteen years old sometimes did not.
6) About 55% of the children three to five years old talked with family while they were eating dinner and about 45% watched T. V. program while eating. About 35% of the children thirteen to fifteen years old talked with family and about 60% of them watched T. V. programs.
7) 45% of the children three to twelve years old finished dinner in 30-40 minutes and 30-35% finished dinner in 20-30 minutes.35% of the children thirteen to fifteen years old finished dinner in 30-40 minutes and 37% finished dinner in 20-30 minutes.

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We sent a questionnaire to 55 dental hygienists who are members of the Japanese Society of the Pediatric Dentistry and surveyed their relationship with pediatric dentistry, the contents of their job and thier requirments toward the Japanese Society of Pediatric Dentistry. As a result, the following conclusions were obtained from responses of 21 dental hygienists.
1. Among the personal questions, half of the responders did not consider continuing their job after marriage.
2.2/3 of the responders worked at public or private institutions, and the remaining 1/3 worked at practitioners mainly specializing in pediatric dentistry or orthodontic dentistry.
3. Most of their responders were engaged in dental health guidance, and most of those working at practitioners conducted treatment by touching the inside of the oral cavity directry with their hands such as when applying fluoride and sealant.
4. About 43% of the responders had made a presentation at the Japanese Society of Pediatric Dentisry.
5. Their requirements toward the Japanese Society of Pediatric Dentisry were a decrease in the burden of the membership fee, setting of a place for publication by dental hyginists, and formation of an environment facilitating their participation. As the ideal of each member, they aimed at becoming health professionals acquiring not only knowledge about the oral cavity as one unit but also a broader knowledge and regarding children as one person thereby respecting their respective personalities.

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In order to determine whether the oral calcium supplement therapy had any beneficial effect on bone debilitation, we examined the mandibular alveolar bone of weaned Wistar male rats aged 3weeks using Ca/P microanalysis and bone mineral mass. In the control groups, the rats were fed on a standard diet, low Ca diet, or Ca deficient diet for six weeks respectively. In the experiment groups, the rats were fed on a low Ca diet or Ca deficient diet during the first three weeks, with their food then changing to a standard diet, mixture diet I (cattle-bone powder: standard diet=1: 2) or a mixture diet II (cattle-bone powder: standard diet= 3: 1) during latter three weeks respectively. The results were as follows: 1) The mixture diet I group showed the best results among all of the experiment groups with both Ca/P microanalysis and bone mineral mass.2) The values of the Ca/P microanalysis and bone mineral mass in the experiment groups were higher than that of the pair-fed groups in the control groups.3) All of the values in the experiment groups were lower than the values of the standard diet group in the control groups. It was considered that the oral calcium supplement therapy had a positive effect on bone debilitation to a certain extent during the weaned period of rats, but it was not found to help the bone debilitation to recover completely to a normal level.

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The aim of the present study was to observe the effect of the active vitamin D₃ supplement on the mandibular alveolar bone. Fifity weaned Wistar male rats aged 3 weeks were used. The rats were fed on a low Ca diet or a Ca deficient diet during first three weeks, with their food then changing to a standard diet or a standard diet plus active vitamin D₃ during the latter three weeks respectively. The mandibular alveolar bones were observed using Ca, P microanalysis and bone mineral mass. The results were as follows: 1)The observation of Ca, P microanalysis revealed that the groups with the standard diet plus active vitamin D₃ showed significantly higher values than the groups with the pairfed standard diet. The control group showed the best result among all of the groups based on Ca, P microanalysis. The results of ratio of the Ca/P of the microanalysis showed that the control group was higher than the group with the low Ca + standard diet plus active vitamin D₃ which was higher than the group with the low Ca + standard diet which was higher than the group with the Ca deficient +standard diet plus active vitamin D₃ and which was higher than the group with the Ca deficient +standard diet.2)The control group showed the best result among all of the groups on bone mineral mass. The value of standard diet plus vitamin D₃ group was significantly higher than that of the group with a pair-fed standard diet among the low Ca diet groups; but those values did not showed a significant difference between the groups with the pair-fed among Ca deficient diet groups although the value of the group with the standard diet plus active vitamin D₃ group was higher than that of the group with the standard diet group.

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“The burn-out syndrome” is increasiugly common among doctors and nurses. Therefore, we are hoping that the fields of psychology and sociology will improve our working environment through our multi-discipline research. There is however no research that measures pressures on dentists. The communication between the doctor and a child patient is very important to pediatric dentistry, and the psychological stress produced by children on dentists during treatment is a key factor in our work place. There is a psychological stress on dentists when they examine their patients, and most of that stress comes from the children and the children's mothers. We are focusing on the external behavior of the children, using factor analysis, and are developing a Psychological Stress Response Scale for stress produced by children on dentists during treatment, This scale is a 21-item questionnaire. To confirm the effectiveness of this scale, we examined its reliability and validity from many points of view. We found the scale to be effective for measuring the degree of the of a child patient effect on a dentist during treatment. In the present study, we used this scale and examined the results by analyzing the relationship between the psychological stress score of dentists during treatment and State-Trait Anxiety. Moreover, we examined the relationship between the psychological stress scores of dentists and general items. The findings were as follows:
1. We found a significant correlation between the state and trait anxiety scales, confirming the relationship between the two.
2. The psychological stress score, measuring the stress produced by treating children, correlated significntly to the dentists anxiety. There was a positive correlation between high anxiety scores and high psychological stress scores for both state anxiety, related to the time and place, and trait anxiety, related to the personal characteristics of the individual.
3. An examination of items on the psychological stress scale revealed a significant difference between the psychological stress scores for clusters of low-anxiety and high-anxiety items for 6 state anxiety items and 10 trait anxiety items of the dentist.
4. Trait differences in the psychological stress scores resulting from stress produced on dentists by children during treatment was not related to the dentist's sex, age, years of chinical experience, or marital status.
The above results indicate a correlation between the tendency of the individual dentist stoward anxiety and his or her score on the scale measuring psychological stress related to treatment.

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Recentily, much research regarding occupational diseases has shown that dentists are subject to considerable psychological stress in the work place. Psychological stress during treatment is thought generally to be related to the age, years of clinical experience, sex, and personality of the dentist. Whether one stress is subject to the recognition of the situation as stressful is determined by the mutual interaction of life environment and personality. We examined the relationship between psychological stress scores, clinical experience and sex, but found no relationship, In the present study, we examined the relationship between the psychological stress scores of dentists during the treatment of children and the personalities of the dentist. The findings were as follows:
1. A study of personality types showed that the D-type (director type) accounted for the largest percentage of dentists (33.3), while 25.0% the C-type (calm type).20.5% the A-type (average type),12.5% the B-type (blast type), and 8.3% the E-type (escape type).
2. We also analyzed the results in three grorps of items: emotional stability (D: depression, C: cyclic tendency, I: inferiority feelings, N: nervousness), social adaptability (O: lack of objectivity, Co: lack of cooperativeness, Ag: lock of agreeableness), and social direction (G: general activity, R: rhathymia, T: thinking extraversion, A: ascendance, S: social extraversion). We found a signigicant correlation (0.05 level) between the psychological stress scores and social direction. No significant correlations were found for emotional stability and social adaptability.
3. A significant correlation was found (0.05 level) between the psychological stress scores and the three scales for inferiority, general activity, and ascendance in the 12-scale YG personality test. No signigicant correlation was found with the other nine scales.
These results suggest that, regarding stress produced by children on dentists during treatment, the Psychological Stress Response Scale and YG Personality Test were effective for measuring social direction, but they were not effective for measuring emotional stability and social adaptability. We did find a relationship between the dentist's psychological stress scores of the dentist and social extraversion or social introversion.

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The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between depression and dental perception and behavior, particularly trust toward dental staff in the course of dental procedures, among adolescents. A total of 490 adolescents (225 males,265 females) fifteen to eighteen years old attending a private tutoring school in Hiroshima were surveyed.
The questionnaire consisted of Zung's self-rating depression scale (SDS), the Dental Belief Survey -Japanese Edition-Revised (DBS-JR) and several questions about dental experience, dental trust, oral condition, dental anxiety, and dental fear. SDS is a measure of depression that has often been used to study mental health. The DBS-JR measures the degree to which patients perceive the behavior of dentists and dental staff as causing or contributing to fear of dental treatment.
The results were as follows:
1. The average SDS score of boys was 43.4, the average SDS score of girls was 44.3, and the average SDS score of all adolescents was 43.9. The items of “Dissatisfaction”, “Emptiness” and “Depressed affect” described the depression of adolescents well.
2. The depression scale was related to dental trust, oral condition, dental anxiety, and dental fear, but did not relate to dental experience.
3. The SDS score had a significant correlation with the DBS-JR score. The items for “Irritability”, “Psychomotor agitation” and “Suicidal rumination” had a particularly high correlation.
4. Among the 6 dimensions of DBS-JR, “communication” and “environment and reception by dental staff” had a particularly high correlation with the SDS score.

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The condition of the occlusal contact was investigated on children who were attending nursery schools and elementary schools in Kyoto prefecture (Japan). The Dental Prescale was used for all school children during their dental checkup at their respective schools. The occlusal contact area, occlusal pressure, bite force, and occlusal contacts were measured. Because not all of the children had normal occlusal condition, we established a symmetry index based on the left-right difference in the bite force. This index was then used to place each subject into either an asymmetry or symmetly group. The four measured parameters were compared between the two groups.
In all of the subjects, the contact area tended to increase with the dental stage. Similarly, the occlusal contact tended to increase with Hellman's dental stages IIIA and IIIC. The occlusal pressure remained unchanged. These results suggest a strong relationship between the bite force and the occlusal contact area.
Compared with the symmetry group, the asymmetry group showed lower values (20%-30% lower)for the occlusal contact area, bite force, and occlusal contacts. Both groups showed similar values for occlusal pressure. Symmetry is suggests being an important factor of occlusal.

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The use of air at high pressure during KCP instrumentation makes it easy to induce the development of emphysema when accidentally directed towards the oral mucosa. This fact, makes the use of rubber dam imperative while working with KCP.
The aim of this study was to analyze the variables involved in the prevention of emphysema both related to the use of rubber dam and to the Kinetic instrumentation per se such as Al₂O₃ particle's size, air pressure used and operating distance from the rubber dam surface.
A total of ninety rubber dam sheets were used. Four different rubber-sheet thicknesses were employed, dividing the sample into nine groups. After performing the abrasion, the samples were observed using a dissecting microscope to determine the time required to perforate the rubber sheet (perforating time). After this analysis, basic data were obtained supporting the idea of the unavoidable use of the rubber dam.
The following conclusions were obtained:
1. As the thickness of the rubber dam sheet increased, the perforation time became longer. A thickness of the rubber dam of over 0.25 mm seems to increase significantly the perforation time (more than 20 seconds).
2. Eventhough 0.81 was the lowest “r” value found (p<0.01), there was also a positive correlation between the operating distance and perforating time. In addition, the diameter of the scratched surface in the rubber dam increased with the enlargement of the operating distance.
3. A negative relation was found between air pressure and perforating time, i. e., as the air pressure increased the perforating time decreased. An interesting finding, was that with 160 psi, the time required to perforate the sheet was extremely short. This suggests a strong necessity of using a rubber dam while working at high pressure.
4. Comparing the use of 27μm particle and 50μm particle, a statistic significant difference was observed (p<0.01). When using 27μm alumina particle the perforating time was markedly short.
5. The scratch y/o perforation obtained was classified into two main shapes: star and round shaped. Based on these findings it can be concluded the best combination when using a KCP is obtained by employing air pressure below 120 psi, a rubber dam sheet thicker than 0.25 mm (heavy type) and an aluminum-oxide particle size of 50μm. On the other hand, it can be stated that the use of the rubber dam does protect the oral soft tissue against injuries caused by improper use of air abrasion and in this way, the appearance of emphysema and soft tissue lesions decreases.

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The purpose of this study was to evaluate the longitudinal changes in the dental arch length from childhood to adolescence. Materials were longitudinal casts taken at 2-month intervals from 28 children (13 males and 15 females) with normal occlusion. Observations were made from 3 years and 6months to 20 years of the chronological age. The dental age was based on the emergence of the permanent central incisor and the exfoliation of the second deciduous molar. The dental arch length was measured as the distance between the labial surface of the left (deciduous or permanent) central incisor and a line connecting the most distal points on the distal surfaces of the second deciduous molars. After the exfoliation of the second deciduous molar, measurements were made on the distance between the labial surface of the left permanent central incisor and a line connecting the most mesial points on the mesial surfaces of the permanent first molars.
Observation by chronological age, revealed that the dental arch length during the period of the deciduous dentition decreased slightly until the exfoliation of the deciduous central incisor in both the maxilla and the mandible. Observation by dental age based on the emergence of the permanent central incisor, revealed that the dental arch length showed a similar decrease until 6 months before the emergence in the maxilla, and until 2 months before the emergence in the mandible, but after that they increased until the exfoliation of the deciduous central.
Observation by chronological age, revealed that the dental arch length after the emergence of the permanent central incisor increased gradually until 11 years of age in the maxilla, and until 10 years of age in the mandible.
Observation by dental age, revealed that the dental arch length increased remarkably until 6 months after the emergence in the maxilla, and until 2 months after the emergence in the mandible. Observation by dental age based on the exfoliation of the second deciduous molar, revealed that the dental arch length decreased remarkably from the exfoliation until 1 year and 6 months after the exfoliation in both the maxilla and the mandible. After that the dental arch length remained nearly stable while showing a tendency to decrease gradually until the time of the last observation.
No statistically significant sex-related differences were observed in the dental arch length in both the maxilla and the mandible.

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The influence of the finger sucking on the occlusion is quite evident as described by many authors. However, extensive research and considerable controversy exist concerning many aspects of the finger sucking habits, especially with regard to treatment age. The object of this study was to investigate the effects of the finger sucking habit on the occlusion and to evaluate the spontaneous correction of the malocclusion which might occur in children who had been weaned of their habit on a longitudinal basis in children from 18 to 60 months of age. The data used in the present study were recorded during serial study of 512 children who attended a public health center in Kunitachi-city, Tokyo, for regular dental examination at 18,24,36, and 60 months of age. The registration of malocclusion was made and the parents were interviewed regarding their children's finger sucking habit, present or stopped.
There were 42 children who persisted in finger sucking from 18 to 60 months of age, and there were 33 children with experience of finger sucking from 18 to 36 months of age but stopped thereafter. In contrast to this, there were 192 children out of all of the subjects, with no history of any type al habit from 18 to 60 months of age.
Those children with persistent finger sucking from 18 to 60 months of age, the percentage of open bite and maxillary protrusion was 31.0% and 16.7% respectively at 60 months of age. A spontaneous correction was observed however among children those with experience of finger sucking to 36months of age but who stopped thereafter. It can be seen that both open bite and maxillary protrusion accounted for 24.2% at 36 months of age but those percentages decreased to 3.0% at 60 months of age. It is suggested that the treatment of finger sucking should be postponed until 3 years of age and it is reasonable to advise parents that spontaneous correction takes place after habit cessation during 36 to 60 months of age.

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The purpose of this paper was to elucidate the influence of the reflex control on the jaw-closing muscles during masticatory jaw movements in children with deciduous dentition. The subjects comprised 6 children and 5 adults without any dysfunction of the mandibular movement. Removable bite locks were worn to separate the dental arch into three parts in adults and into two parts in child-rben during tapping movement.
In both adults and children, the activities of the masseter, the anterior and the posterior parts of the temporal muscles were reduced while wearing the incisor bite-block. This was evaluated by the ratio to the muscle activities while wearing total bite-blocks. Each muscle activity was enhanced during tapping when the posterior bite-block was worn. Comparing the ratio of each muscle activity, the masseter muscle showed the most increased activity during the anterior tapping and the posterior part of the temporal muscle showed the most active one during the posterior tapping. These results were more noticeably obtained in children than in adults.
The above results clarified that the periodontal jaw reflex occurring from the anterior and posterior parts of the dentition influenced the activities of the jaw-closing muscles differently during tapping in both adults and children. Moreover, comparing the difference between adults and children, it seems that the activities of the jaw-closing muscles in children are more simply regulated through the jaw reflexes than those in adults during the masticatory jaw movement.

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For evaluation of the function of the occlusion and the masticatory function of the child, it is necessary to know the their standard values. To discover these, the functions of the occlusion (the occlusal contact area, the maximum bite pressure, the average bite pressure and the degree of bite force)were measured using the bite pressure detecting film “Dental Prescale” and “Occluzer” system (Fuji Photo Film Co. ) while the masticatory functions (the masticatory time and the masticatory cycles)were measured using three types of masticatory jellies (Sunstar Co. ) in 871 children with normal occlusion (421 boys and 450 girls). The number of children in Hellman's Dental Stage IIA, IIC, IIIA, IIIB, IIIC and IVA was 145,123,145,162,161 and 135, respectively.
For evaluation of the functions of the occlusion, the following values were recommended as the stand values. For the occlusal contact area(mm²): IIA 9.2 ±7.3, IIC 9.9±5.9, IIIA 11.4±6.2, IIIB 10.0±55, IIIC 12.0±6.7, IVA 14.7±8.1, the average bite pressure (MPa): IIA 45.7±8.2, IIC 44.9±8.4, IIIA 46.9±6.6, IIIB 47.6±7.0, IIIC 47.1±7.2, IVA 46.0±7.2, the degree of bite force(N): IIA 391.8±258.3, IIC 430.1±231.0, IIIA 520.0±252.2, IIIB 463.7±221.4, IIIC 548.9±263.6, IVA 651.4±312.7. The values of IIA stage and the maximum bite pressure should be studied continuously.
For evaluation of the masticatory functions, the values obtained in this study are recommended as the standard values.

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At The Senri Dental Clinic of The Sunstar Foundation for Dental Health Promotion, we conducted a survey of 184 new patients under 35 years old regarding fluoride in order to discover what they think about fluoride.
The results obtained were as follows;
1. Numerous new patients know of fluorine and not many have a bad impression.
2. Not many patients who experienced fluoridation have a bad impression, and 45.1 percent of them answered “have no idea”.
3. Only 20.6 percent of the patients wanted to use fluoride and many of the patients answered “have no idea”. These results suggest that though few new patients tend to use fluoride, we think the number of patients who use fluoride will increase if we advise them adequately.

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This is a case report of a submergence which occurred in three residual primary molars, these being the left mandibular second primary molar and the right mandibular primary molars, of a 13 year and 10 month old Japanese boy.
1) The occlusal surfaces of the three teeth were mostly flat, and no mobility was recognized.
2) Two of the teeth did not show root resorption clearly by radiographic examination.
3) Pathological examination of the left mandibular second primary molar after the extraction revealed the existence of dental ankylosis.
4) These examinations indicated that continuous mechanical pressure exerted by the habit by which the patient used to bite chopsticks just before meals, could be the cause of the ankylosed tooth, and the submergence was then caused by the vertical growth of the adjacent tooth and its supporting tissues.
5) The case emphasized the importance of adequate treatment including the extraction of three teeth and the guidance during eruption for these permanent teeth at the proper time.

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A 2-year-old Japanese boy had a pedunculated, smooth, red polypoid lesion on the gingiva of the unerupted first deciduous molar area. It was 9×5×4mm in size. It had been present from birth, and had not increased in size. Excision was performed under local anethesia. The pathological diagnosis was peripheral odontogenic fibroma, histologically composed of stromal cells resembling that of the tooth germ while islands of odontogenic epithelium were scattered in this lesion. Calcification was not observed. His first and second deciduous molars began to erupt after the excision. At the time of follow-up examination 31 months later, the lesion had not recurred. Congenital odontogenic fibroma is a rare neoplasm and is a great help investigating its origin. It is also important to have a long followup examination for lower-aged children.

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X-ray examination performed for orthodontic treatment and dental caries treatment of permanent teeth incidentally revealed a male patient and his younger sister with impacted supernumerary teeth in the premolar area.
1) In patient 1 (sister), x-ray examination at the age of 11 years and 6 months showed an impacted supernumerary tooth only in the mandibular left 2nd premolar area, but at the age of 12 years and 3months it showed another impacted supernumerary tooth in the mandibular right 2nd premolar area.
2) In patient 2 (brother), x-ray examination at the age of 12 years and 7 months showed no supernumerary tooth, but at the age of 16 years and 1 month it revealed an impacted supernumerary tooth in the mandibular left 2nd premolar area.
3) These x-ray examination findings suggest that the calcification of impacted supernumerary tooh in the premolar area can occur at the ages of 11-12 years or more.
4) Since the patients were a male child and his younger sister, the involvement of genetic factors was considered.

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A case of congenital epulis was encountered on the palatal region of the maxillary anterior alveolar ridge in a male three years and one month old. This epulis revealed a smooth, gingiva-colored mass with a pedicle, attached to the palatal gingiva of the A⊥A region, measuring 3.7×7.3×1.4mm. Histopathological investigation showed that the findings of this epulis consisted mainly of markedly nervous fibers. This epulis was therefore diagnosed as congenital neurofibroma, which is considered to be a very rare case.

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An 8-year-old boy with delayed eruption of the maxillary primary second molar and permanent first molar presumably due to the presence of an odontoma in the corresponding region was treated by exposure and traction of the buried teeth, follwing removal of the tumor. We report here on the course of the treatment in detail, documentedw ith a series of intraoralp hotographs.
[Course of Treatment]
The radiopaque lesion was excised under local anesthesia, and was identified as a complex type of odontoma based on pathological examination. Two months after the removal of the tumor, the occlusal surface of the maxillary right primary second molar was found to be erupted. The Nance arch appliancew as placed on D⊥E 6and_the bracker was attached to the occlusals urface of the primary second molar.
Traction began, using a power chain. Subsequently, t he maxillalyr ight permanentf irst molar was surgicallye xposedu nder local anethesia. As a result, spontaneouse ruptiono f the maxillaryr ight permanent first molar was observed. Ten months after traction began, the maxillary right permanent first molar erupted.

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BlochSulzberger syndrome is an uncommon disorder which involves abnormalities in the skin, dental, ocular, hair and central nervous system. A three-year-nine-month-old girl affected by the syndrome was brought to Osaka University Dental Hospital with a complaint of masticatory dysfunction and an aesthetic problem. General health and dental findings are described as follows.
1. Dermatological findings showed the typical features of the BlochSulzberger syndrome.
2. Dental findings included partial anodontia, abnormal morphology of the molars, pegged canines, delayed eruption and malocclusion of the primary dentition. Only eleven tooth buds among the permanent teeth were identified in the orthopanthomogram.
3. Dermatological and dental findings were found peculiar to the left side although both the conditions were found bilaterally.
The treatment should first be focused on the functional problems of the occlusion. In addition, periodical examination including oral hygiene instructions should be conducted.

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Delayed eruption or tooth impaction is caused by systemic or local etiologic factors such as cysts, odontogenic tumors, supernumerary teeth, delayed tooth development and gingival fibrosis. Usually impacted primary teeth involved the permanent dentition and are rare in the primary dentition.
We encountered two cases of delayed eruption of the mandibular left primary second molars which had exposed a small area of the occlusal surface and had stopped erupting. The patients were a 4year-0-month-old girl and a 6-year-8-month-old girl. There were no particular findings in their genera healthl condition or family history in either case. Radiographs did not reveal any abnormal findings such as cysts or odontomas around the teeth in either case.
In case one, the mandibular left primary second molar was located at the same height of the cervical line as the neighboring primary first molar. The shape of the tooth crown was normal and root development was almost completed. Under the primary second molar, the tooth germ of the permanent second premolar could not be defected. Treatment involved surgical exposure of the tooth crown. One year and five months later the left primary second molar erupted spontaneously. The tooth germ of the second premolar was simultaneously recognized using radiography.
In case two, the lower primary second molar was located under the mesially drifted permanent first molar which resulted in loss of eruption space. The root was short and irregularly formed while the tooth germ of the permanent second premolar was recognized.
Treatment was surgical exposure of the tooth crown, distalizing of the first permanent molar to regain eruption space and traction of the primary second molar. After 10 months, the primary second molar erupted and occluded with the elongated upper primary second molar.
In both cases, gingival tissues overlying the teeth demonstrated pericoronal myxofibrous hyperplasia histologically.

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Due to an abnormality of one of the sex chromosomes (XXY-type chromosomes), the development of the muscular issue is poor. Klinelfelter's symptom is characterized in males by feminine breasts, a growth imperfection of the testicles, and a high value in the follicle stimulation hormone (FSH) and luternic hormone (LH).
In 1971, Daito reported a case of Klinefelter's Syndrome in a patient who exhibited Taurodont teeth. This was the first reported case in Japan.
Generally, a primary molar tooth or body of molar is long, but for Taurodont teeth, the marrow space gets longer, and the teeth have short roots.
We experienced a case of Klinefelter's Syndrome with congenital heart disease in a 3-year,8month old boy.
1. In the countenance of the patient, both eyes were far apart from each other. He had thick eyebrows, and a poor development of the face when it was measured.
2. According to clinical test, on the hormone value in the blood, the FSH and LH values were normal.
3. All the milk teeth showed enamel hypoplasia. In the examination, we noticed the imperfection of the face. We also noticed that the crowns in the primary molar teeth had grown imperfectly and they had a brown discoloration.
4. According to the orthopantomography and the dental X-ray, the Taurodont teeth were found among the primary molars in the maxilla and the mandible.
5. The mesio-distal width of the present teeth and the length and width of the dental arch were smaller than the standard average.
6. As a result of the cephalometric analysis, the crossbite was clearly noticeable.

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