In view of the literatures regarding the treatment of microfilaria infection in man and dogs, we know that almost all anthelmintics, for instance, atoxyl, salvarsan, imamicoll, phenocoll, trypanred, ttypanblue, malachitgreen, methylenblue, emetin, picric acid, filarisin chinine hydrochlolide, etc. have hitherto been used without any favorable effects.
On the contrary, a number of reports as regards the favorable effects of intravenous injections of tartar emetics, especially natrium antimonyl tartarate upon schistosomiasis, paragonimiasis, and chlonorchiasis has recently been published by various authors.
Referring to these reports, we engaged in the treatment of Dirofilariasis in dogs which is widely spread in Japan by employing natrium antimonyl tartarate for the past several years. In the present paper the results obtained are briefly described.
Periodicity of Microfilaria Immitis. In order to count the number of microfilariae per 20cmm. of the blood collected from the peripherial veins of four filarial dogs was examined every three hours for twenty-four hours, that is, from the 20th to the 21st of March in 1923. The results are shown as follows (Table 1):
So far as any conclusion can be drawn from these few observations, it would appear that Microfilaria immitis has a slight periodicity in the blood of peripheral veins. The maximum number was observed at six o'clock in the evening, but it was not so marked as in the case of embryos of Wuchereria bancrofti. Based upon this fact we procured the blood in the evening for the purpose of counting of microfilariae in it with possible certainty.
Dose of Natrium Antimonyl Tartarate Required. The solution of natrium antimonyl tartarate employed was freshly prepared before use in a concentration of 0.003 or 0.004 per each cubic centimeter of the physiological saline solution.
Prior to treating filarial dogs, a series of experiments were carried out mainly on puppies to determine the safe dose of the drug for healthy dogs. The results are given in Table II.
From the foregoing experiments it has been noticed that the death of the animals actually followed the administration of a single dose at the rate of 0.01 per kilo of the body weight within twenty-four hours if an after-treatment such as the administration of adrenalin was not carried out, and that seven doses at the rate of 0.005 per kilo for successive days would cause the toxic ill-effects in healthy dogs. Two dogs could tolerate the daily administration of seven doses of 0.004 per kilo, while four injections of 0.004 per kilo resulted in some cases in death of the animals, These conflicting results suggest that all dogs are not equally susceptible to the drug.
Generally speaking, definite proof has been obtained that the several intravenous injections of natrium antimonyl tartarate in doses varying from 0.003 to 0.004 per kilo at intervals of one to two days could be carried out in the non-filarial dogs without any deleterious effects.
In the following experiments, we administered the same amounts of the drug in the same way to six filarial dogs to obtain information as to the anthelmintic dose and the resistance of dogs against the drug, and obtained the result that the administration of only three doses at the rate of 0.003 per kilo at one to five day intervals was sufficient to kill microfilariae in the peripheral blood as in the case of dog No 4. It will be obtained, however, that the same dose of the drug had not always lethal effect on filarial embryos. In most cases, slight or severe toxic symptoms such as refusal to take food, elevation of the bodily temperature, drowsiness, sometimes even collapse for a few days, followed the practice. The details are given in Table III.
After these experiments, the injections of natrium antimonyl tartarate were carried on seventeen patients for the treatment of microfilaria injection with satisfactory results.

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Judging from the symptoms in these two cases, it may be concluded that the toxic ingredient of the sweat-fungus is the muscarine. Because the important symptoms which I have studied from the animal experiments, such as severe sweating, secretion of saliva and bronchial mucus, acceleration of peristaltic motion, diarrhoea and distress in the stomach revealed themselves. But it is to be regretted, that it is not yet clear, whether the vomiting comes from the poisonous fungus, or exclusively from the antidote, or from the combined action of both.

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In the present paper, the author deals with the comparative study of human, ermine and field vole strains of Spirochaeta laverani, which was examined from 3 faces of inoculation experiment, immunological reaction and chemotherapeutic biology. The results obtained are summarized as follows:
1. Three spirochetes under discussion can readily infect such experimental animals, as the mouse, rat and guinea-pig. The virulence of field vole spirochete, however, is slightly inferior to that of human and ermine strains.
2. The splenectomy makes adult rats more susceptible to the less virulent field vole spirochete, while the virulent human and ermine strains infect both the splenectomized and normal rats with equal readiness.
3. The human and ermine strains surpass the field vole spirochete positively in the spirochetolysin-producing power.
4. These 3 strains reveal no difference in the cross-immunization test, carried on with mice.
5. When treated in vitro with such chemotherapeutic agents, silver salvarsan, neotrepol and muthanol, the least virulent field vole strain is most refractory to these chemicals, the virulent ermine ranks next, while the most virulent human spirochete is the most sensible to them.
6. The internal desinfection of infected mice with the above mentioned 4 drugs shows that the infection by field vole spirochete manifests recidivation most frequently and that by the human strain least frequently.
As seen from the above described results, the human, ermine and field vole spirochetes under discussion, all representing the same species, exhibit variations in visulence, antigenic property and chemotherapeutic biology, which might be due very often to the difference in the species of their host. And it is very probably concluded that the more the virulence of spirochete increases, the more its spirochetolysin-producing power and sensitiveness to chemotherapeutic drugs grow.

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Raw meat is the essential substance for the preparation of culture media. The cooked meat extracts in the form of broth contains nitrogenous substances insufficient for the multiplication of the cultivated bacteria. The deficiency is supplimented with an additional pepton.
The routine method of the preparation of media is first to obtain the extracts by cooking meat and the broth thus obtained contains only 9% soluble protein, while the remaining 91% insoluble part of the nitrogenous compounds is cast away as rubbish. I tried to find a method by which this cast away rubbish might be of any use for the manufacture of media, economically to facilitate the experimental works in the laboratory. I employed papain, a decomosing ferment of vegetable proteins in my experimental work and the results are dealt with in this communication, which can be summalized as follows:
1. 450 gr. of the raw meat was boiled by direct heat with an addition of 0.5 gr. of the powder of papain and obtained 30-55% soluble protein of the total protein contents of the material.
2. Various species of bacteria multipli in the medium prepared after my method. Moreover, the colonies in it had almost the equal sizes and the total amount of the bacteria was also almost equal to what was obtained by the use of the Teruuchipepton-broth.
3. The production of tetanus toxin in my broth was. almost equal to what was obtained by the use of either the Teruuchipepton-broth or the Hida-pepton-broth.

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Drei natürliche Fälle und ein experimentelles Fall der Lungenseuche des Rindes eingesandt von Südmandschurei wurden eingehend pathologisch-anatomisch und -histologisch untersucht. Diese Erkrankung, kurz gefasst, äussert sich als ein kompliziertes Pleuropneumonie von serös-fibrinös-eitrig-haemorrhagisch-nekrotischer Natur und aus deren komplizierten Bild können wir sie mit der menschlichen epidemischen Influenzapneumonie vergleichen.

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A trypanosomiasis closely related to Surra prevails among water-buffaloes, zebus and dogs in Formosa. The present paper deals with the systematic study on the prophylactic power of "Bayer 205" against experimental infection of mice, cattle and horses, which were inoculated with the Trypanosome isolated from an infected water-buffalo of Formosa. The results obtained are summarized as follows:
1. The Trypanosome is in all probability identical with Trypanosoma evansi, the causative agent of Surra, according to its geographical distribution, as well as to its morphological characters (Fig. 5) and results of animal experiments (Fig. 1, 6, 7, 2, 3-Cf. IX, 4-Po. XIV)
2. When subcutaneously injected with 0.005g (1/2, dosis tolerata) of "Bayer 205", mice are absolutely protected against the trypanosomal inoculation for 5 months after introduction. In the 6th month, however, the protection is not complete, and still later there is no protection (Table 5).
3. For comparison, we tried similar experiments with a large dose (about 1/2 dosis tolerata) of other trypanocidal preparations, such as trypaflavin, trypanblue, tartar emetic, neotrepol, atoxyl, neosalvarsan and silver salvarsan. Other chemicals revealed no or negligible effect, but neosalvarsan can keep animals non-infective for 3 days after application, and silver salvarsan for about 1 week (Table 1 and 2)
The above mentioned results show that "Bayer 205, " compared with other preparations, has a striking superiority in prophylactic action against the experimental trypanosomiasis of mice.
4. Experiments were again carried out with a smaller dose of "Bayer 205." By the introduction of 0.0001g mice are positively protected from infection for 1 week; but from 2 to several weeks after injection death from infection is generally delayed, while sometimes a complete protection or recovery after infection is observed (Table 3). After the dose of 0.00003g some of the injected mice are completely protected, and others have death delayed for several days. Finally, 0.00001g of the preparation has almost no prophylactic possibility in mice. Then we may accept 0.00003g as the minimum prophylactic dose of the present drug for mice (Table 4).
5. Calves, injected subcutaneously with 1.0g of "Bayer 205" per 100kg of the body weight, remain non-infective for 4 mon- ths after administration (Table 6, Fig. 3).
6. For horses, the same dose of the medicine has no positive protection, even 1 month after introduction. But, their death, compared with controls, is more or less delayed. If 2.0g per 100kg is used, however, the horse is satisfactorily prevented for 31/2 months (Table 7, Fig. 4).
7. Supplementary to the above, the experiment on rinderpest was attempted by the courtesy of Dr. C. Kakizaki. Even so large a dose as 4.0g of "Bayer 205, " however, could not produce any inhibitory action against the development of rinderpest in calves.
From the foregoing results, it is obvious that "Bayer 205" has a decided preeminence to any hitherto known chemotherapeutic drugs as the prophylactica against the trypanosomiasis. The fact that such a chemical artificially synthesized can protect both the small and large animals against the trypanosomal infection for several months, is truly worthy of "paru fantastique a Ehrlich", the phrase expressed by Fourneau (3). The discovery of "Bayer 205" then may be considered as an epoch-making event to open the field of "chemoprophylaxy" as salvarsan to chemotherapy.

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