According to Fürst, Chick and Hume, Heller, Kucera, it is an established fact that vitamin C is synthesized by the process of germination. The writer, also reported that germination of various seeds in the sun light produced a notable amount of vitamin C, and showed that although, light was not absolutely necessary factor for the production of vitamin C, but its content was affected by the light, and the differece of content was more clearly defied in sprouts germinated for a long time.
In the 17th report, the writer stated that barley produced antiscorbutic vitamin even in the dark, but existence of light had some influence upon the production, for vitamin C was remarkably increased in barley cultivated in the sun light.
The writer examined the effect of light upon the production of vitamin C with barley germinated, radish grown for 35 days and Unshu orange. Results obtained were as follows.
(1). In sprouts not manured during germination was effected by the light, the longer the seeds germinated, the greater the difference of content.
(2). The production of vitamin C in sprouts manured was also clearly affected by the light. To compare the content of the sprouts germinated in the dark with that of the sprouts germinated in the sun light, the former was only about 1/4 of the latter.
(3). One part of barley was covered to grow in the darkStudies on Vitamin C. XVIII. 65field, until the barley not covered extends to the length of 4 feet, to see whether there is an influence of light upon the production of vitamin C, according to the result, the exsistence of light influences upon the production of vitamin C, for, the production was about quadruple in the light as much as in the dark.
(4). The radishes germinated were grown for 15 days in the sun light, then, one part of them was covered for 20 days to grow in the dark, the other part was grown in the sun light. The content of vitamin C of the radish covered was about 1/5 of the other.
(5). Vitamin C content of uncovered orange was twice as much as that of covered one, therefore, the effect of light was very little.
(6). The production of vitamin C during life of plant is affected by the light.
(7). Light is not the absolute factor for the production of vitamin C during life of plant, for it was produced even in the dark, but the existence of light has some influence upon the production.

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Three groups consisting of 120 albino rats, having been kept respectively on the complete, Ca-superfluous or vitamin A-deficient diet, were infected with Tricitinella spiralis. They were then observed for 120 days, as to the body weight, grade of infection, mortality, cyst-formation of the worms and calcification of their cyst, and the relation of diet to the susceptibility of rats to infection with Trichinella spiralis were traced. The results obtained from our experiments are as follows:
(1) Of the growing rats fed on the complete or Ca-superfluous diet, those infected with Trichina are definitely inhibited in their growth, as compared with non-infected ones. In rats fed on the vitamin-deficient or Ca-free diet, however, the difference of growth was not noted between the infected and non-infected animals, so that the influence of the deficient nutrition was too large.
(2) Rats fed deficiently in vitamin or calcium are far more susceptible to the Trichina-infection than those normally fed.
(3) No distinction was observed in the progress of cystformation between the 3 above-mentioned groups of different feeding.
(4) The calcification of cysts seems to be more delayed in animals deficiently fed in vitamin or calcium than those sufficiently fed. As far as our observation for 120 days shows, however, the calcification of cysts was slight even in the latter animals, a distinct instance being observed only in one animal (No. 22). (Fig. II).
(5) In the period extending from formation of cysts to their calcification, we observed disintegration of worms in the muscle several times among rats of sufficient and superfluous feeding, while such a phenomenon did not occur in those fed deficiently. (Fig. III).
(6) In the chemical analysis performed by us, the Ca quantity in the infected muscles did not show a definite difference of the 3 groups of rats.

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Die Geflügelzucht in Japan hat in den letzten Jahren einen bedeutenden Aufschwung genommen. Einen Rückschlag erlitt diese Zucht durch eine häufig auftretende und durch Eimeria avium verursachte Krankheit, die Kukenkokzidiose, zu deren Bekampfung man weder uber prophylaktische noch therapeutische Mittel in Japan verfügte. Mein, auf vielen Versuchen aufgebautes Jod= Mittel “Jodinol” brachte ich zuerst im Jahre 1933 zur praktischen Anwendung. Bis heute habe ich die prophylaktischen und therapeutischen Versuche mit diesem Mittel fortgesetzt und seine Wirkungen festgestellt (siehe Tabelle 1-5).
Zur gleichen Zeit bin ich bei diesen Versuchen zu folgenden Dosierungsmengen gelangt: Bei prophylaktischer Behandlung von zwei Monate alten erkrankten Küken alle vier Tage am frühen Morgen das Trinkwasser mit einer 0.125%iger Jodinol Lösung von 2c.c. vermengen und diese mit zunehmendem Alter des Kükens steigern, d. h., für einen und zwei Monate alte Küken 2c.c., für drei Monate alte Küken 3c.c., usw. Bei therapeutischer Versuche über Prophylaxe und Therapie der Kükenkokzidiose. 69Behandlung erkrankter Küken jedoch dem Trinkwasser dieselbe Lösung und Menge täglich einmal zusetzen und ausserdem mit der Pipette einflossen.
Sofort ist ein Nachlassen der Krankheitserscheinungen bemerkbar und die prophylaktische wie auch die therapeutische Behandlung zeigt ihre gunstige Wirkung. Keine Nebenwirkungen sind beobachtet worden, jedoch Atrophie oder Aufquellung und Vakuolenbildung and Zerbrechen der Kot=Oozysten und nach zirka 10 Tagen ihr vollstandiges Verschwinden (siehe Abbildung 1 bis.10).

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In May 1933, some scabs, which had been obtained from the skin of a sheep suspected to suffer from sheep-pox were sent to our laboratory from X district. To the scabs. was added 1% carbol solution in 1: 4 proportion and, after shaking for 3 hours, the suspension was centrifugalized. The sediment was washed 3 or 4 times with saline solution and it was then emulsified in 1: 4 proportion with carbol (0.5%)-glycerin (60%) solution.
Animal experiments were then performed with the scab emulsion thus produced and especially the vaccinization with this scabvirus was tried. The results obtained are summarized as follows:
(1) Smearing of the scab-virus on the scarified cornea of sheep caused a clouding of the inoculated area on the 3rd day and this reaction continued 2 weeks. In pig, a slight clouding appeared on the 11th day after inoculation and it persisted for 40 days. In calves, a clouding of cornea occurred on the 3rd. to 4th day after inoculation and continued one month. We, however, couldn't observe such a reaction in goats, rabbits or guinea-pigs.
(2) When the scab-virus was inoculated on the incised skin of sheep, vesicle appeared on the 3rd day and developed to its maximum on the 5th to 6th day. The desiccation stage comes generally after 2 weeks and the formed scabs begin to fall off after 3 weeks.
(3) The dermal inoculation with sheep-passage virus as well as the intravenous injection with the 2nd passage-virus produced a beautiful, confluent eruption on the skin of sheep. If the blood, liver and spleen of thus infected sheep are inoculated on the skin of sheep or goats, these materials can also produce distinct eruption.
(4) The scab-virus filtered through N or V candle of Berkefeld filter, produced a definite eruption by dermal or intradermal inoculation into sheep or goats. It was then proved that the virus under discussion is filterable.
(5) When the scab-virus was inoculated on the skin of goats, the eruption developed its maximum nearly on the 6th day (Fig. 4) and the formed scabs began to fall off on about the 16th day.
(6) Our scab-virus, when inoculated into calves dermally or intradermally, produced a papular eruption already in the 1st generation of calf-skin passage.
(7) While the original scab-virus causes only a stimulating reaction on the inoculated skin of rabbits, the above-mentioned 1st rabbit-passage virus produced a characteristic red eruption, as large as the half size of red bean, on the skin of rabbits (Fig. 1). Similar eruption was still observed up to the 4th generation of rabbit-passage. The 5th transfer-virus, however, could first yield a papule-like eruption on the skin of rabbits (Fig. 2). The 4th transfer-virus did not yet cause any reaction on the cornea of rabbit, but it produced a papule-like eruption on the skin of calf. The 5th transfer-virus caused a clouding on the cornea of rabbits in 66%, but not yet on the cornea of calves, while it developed scattered pustules on the skin of calves.
The rabbit, which has been inoculated with the 5th transfervirus, resisted the subsequent infection with vaccine virus. Then it may be considered that the 5th rabbit-transfer-virus began to lapinize, i. e., vaccinize. The 6th transfer-virus became decidedly virulent for rabbit and calf (Fig. 5), and it could develope confluent pustules on their skin. Moreover, it can produce a distinct clouding on rabbit's cornea, where we can easily detect the Guarnieri-bodies (Fig. 3). And it can also cause a clouding reaction. on the scarified cornea of calf.
(8) The original scab-virus does not affect guinea-pigs at all.
(9) The original scab-virus, like vaccine virus, could produce red eruptions on the skin of pigs.
(10) The vaccination with the sensitized virus protected sheep, against reinoculation with this virus, as well as, with the sheeppox virus.
(11) From the above-stated facts, it became known that this. scab-virus sent to us originated from a sheep-pox animal.

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Abortion of swine due to Brucella-bacillus occurs in various countries of Europe and America, especially in the United States of America, very frequently. In Japan, however, it has not been reported as yet. Whereas, several years ago, a sow for breeding, imported from Great Britain, aborted seven fetuses on a certain farm, 2 months after it had been fecundated. Using the viscera of these aborted fetuses and the amniotic fluid, we carried out the isolation by means of ordinary agar slants and in 3 days we were able to obtain, in almost pure state, macroscopically visible numerous, transparent, minute colonies.
As we could not distinguish this isolated bacillus from Brucella abortus, used as a control, either morphologically, serologically. biologically or by animal experiment, we decided the former to be of the Brucella group.
Hereupon we carried out a test, following Huddleson's and the hydrogen sulfide (H₂S) methods, in order to decide whether it was Br. abortus suis or Br. abortus Bang.
According to the results of comparative tests with the isolated bacillus and the bovine type of Br. abortus, as regards to growth in media, each of which contained different kind of dye in various concentration, e. g., thionin, pyronin, basic fuchsin, methylviolet, 1) the isolated bacillus grew very well in the medium containing thionin, while the bacillus, used as a control, failed to develop in this medium at dilutions of 1:10, 000 and 1:15, 000.
2) As regards medium containing pyronin, the isolated bacillus did not grow at a dilution of 1:1, 000 at all, and we could distinguish it from the control-bacillus at the dilutions of 1:1, 000-1:10, 000.
3) In the medium containing basic fuchsin, the isolated bacillus was weak in reducing power, and the dilutions, at which we could distinguish it from the control-bacillus, were between 1:15, 000 and 1:30, 000.
4) In the medium containing methyl-violet, the isolated bacillus was weak in reducing power and could not develop completely even at dilutions of 1:50, 000. We could, however, distinguish it from the control-bacillus in the sphere of dilutions between 1:25, 000-1:1(10, 000.
5) In the medium containing gentian-violet, the isolated ba
cillus did not develop completely at aa dilution of 1:25, 000. The
most suitable dilution for distinguishig it from the control-bacillus
extended from 1:25, 000 to 1:50, 000.
In the next differential test, in which the hydrogen sulfide method was followed, either in solid or in liquid media, the iso-lated bacillus produced hydrogen sulfide rather remarkably in comparison with the controlbacillus, with the exception that one of the control-strains produced hydrogen sulfide to a considerable degree.
According to the above mentioned tests, in which the Huddleson's and the hydrogen sulfide method was followed, we decided that the bacillus isolated by us from the fetuses is B. abortus suis, and conclude that the abortion in this case was caused by this bacillus.

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In early spring of this year, contagious abortion broke out among ewes at the Rinsi Sheep-Farm (S.M.R.Co.) in Rinsi, Inner Mongolia, Manchukuo. The occurrence of the ovine contagious abortion seems to be the first one noted in the Far East, whilethe bovine contagious abortion has been recognized for 20 years. in Japan, and recently even in Manchukuo. There was also observed a febrile attack among the greater number of staff and shepherds at the same farm. It, however, must be remembered. that the occurrence of Malta fever has been several times reported up to this time in China, especially in Northern China.
By our investigation, it was established that this epizootic abortion and the human affection both were due to Brucella melitensis. The results obtained from the present experiments are summarized as follows:
(1) Out of 632 pregnant ewes at this farm, 133 aborted during a period extending from early January to middle of March. (Table I).
(2) A bacillus was uniformly isolated from 4 aborted fetuses by cultivation and from 2 ewes that aborted by inoculation of their organs into guinea-pigs. (Tables II and III).
(3) Having examined these 6 strains bacteriologically, the authors determined that the strains are the same one which they classified as Br. melitensis. (Table IV).
(4) Sera of 20 ewes that aborted were examined by agglutination and complement-fixation tests and 18 of them showed a positive reaction against Br. melitcnsis. (Table V).
(5) From the above-mentioned results, it was concluded that the ovine contagious abortion under discussion is due to Br. melitensis.
(6) A febrile disease also has been observed to prevail among persons of this farm since last year. Considering the above-mentioned circumstances as well as results of serological tests, the outbreak was diagnosed as undulant fever caused by Br. melitensis. (Table VI).

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From 87 stock-cultures of Streptococcus equi, colonies of 3 different forms were isolated by cultivating their 18-20 hour broth cultures on agar plate. We intend to designate these 3 types respectively G-(granular), F-(flat) and C-(compact) types.
The present paper deals with the comparison of the morphological, cultural and biological characters of these 3 types with each other. The results obtained from our experiments are summarized as follows:
(1) The relation between the age of subculture and the appearance of each colony-type have been traced and it became known that the recently isolated strains always generate only G-type and those subcultured over 2 years produce the C-type or F-type. Cultures stocked over 5 years tend to turn completely into F-type. So it is considered that the G-type is the original colony form of Str. equi and the C-and F-types represent its variant forms. (Table 1).
(2) On the agar plate, the colony of G-type is round, minute (its diameter under 1 mm.), bluish-white, translucent and that of the F-type has almost the same form, but the C colony is markedly different from the colony of the other 2 types, namely, from variously sized, opalescent daughter-colonies on its surface, thus showing a granular appearance (Fig. I), while the F-type forms a smooth, flat colony, its thickened periphery being ringlike (Fig. II). The C colony has coarse surface, elevated at the centre like a cone. (Fig. III.)
(3) All 3 types grow luxuriously on blood (horse) agar. The G-type forms a wet-looking, glistening, transparent film, taking an appearnce of water-glass, which flows down along the slant in its highest growth of 18-20 hours. The F-type shows a growth almost similar to that of G-type, though weaker. The C-type grows far more scantly, compared with the former 2 types, and forms a dry-looking, greyish-white, opaque film.
(4) In broth, the G-type renders first the medium turbid and later forms a membraneous film at the bottom of the tube. The F-type shows minute flakes floating in the clear medium, later settling in a snowflake-like sediment. The C-type forms a granular sediment, later leaving the medium clear.
(5) All 3 types are Gram-positive. The organisms of the G- and F- types show presence of capsule distinctly demonstrable by Benians' method, but the C-type forms no capsule.
(6) Growing on agar, all of the 3 types assume generally a diplococcal form. In froth (8 hour culture), the G-type usually forms short chains of 2 or 4 spheres and the F-type chains of 4 or 6, while the C-type produces long twisted chains tending to settle.
(7) In blood agar shake-culture, the 3 types form alike a marked hemolytic zone measuring nearly 4.0 mm. in diameter around the deep colony.
(8) The hemolysin production of each type in broth culture was traced every 2 hours after incubation. The 3 types began to produce hemolysin already 2 hours after cultivation and seemed to show the greatest production in some 4 hours, and the hemolytic titre of broth culture revealed the highest in 6 hours of cultivation. Then the production of hemolysin diminished and simultaneously its destruction began, accordingly the hemolytic titre turned to decrease. When the production ceased and the destruction was completed, the hemolytic action of broth culture pin-point sized (under 0.5 mm.), compact, greyish-white and opaque. Under microscope, the G colony reveals protuberances originating disappeared, that of the G-and F-types in 16 hours of cultivation and that of the C-type showed the lower production in 14 hours. (Table 3).
(9) The colony of the 3 types forms an hemolytic zone uniformly both on horse-blood and sheep-blood agars, whether they contain glucose or not. Thus, according to Kobayashi's classification, ⁽¹⁰⁾ the G-, F- and C-types all belong to the II type of Streptococcus.

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In mares inoculated with Salmonella abortivo-equina, we tried repeatedly agglutination, precipitation and complement-fixation tests in order to trace a quantitattve vacillation of each antibody in their serum during a long period of time before and after abortion. Simultaneously we observed the quantitative relation between O and H agglutinins from the view-point of antigenic analysis.
The results obtained from the present experiments are summarized as follows:
(1) In horses subjected to intravenous inoculation or peroral infection, the production of agglutinin begins respectively about 5 and 7 days after infection. Then, in both cases, it gradually increases and reaches the maximum 10 to 14 days after infection. No particular rise of agglutinin production was observed after abortion, except in a few cases which showed a temporary increase. Usually, about 1 month after abortion, the agglutinin content in the blood begins to decrease. Its return to normal, however, is markedly delayed and we even came across cases which continued to show a positive reaction over 1 year. (Table 1).
(2) The production of precipitin and the variation of precipitin content in the blood tended to run parallel to those of agglutinin, while, in a few cases, the precipitin production was so scanty that the precipitation was not decidedly detected. The precipitin produced in the blood, however, generally began to diminish some 2 weeks after abortion. (Table 3).
(3) Compared with agglutinin and precipitin, the complement-fixing substance appears somewhat delayed. Then, in the majority of cases, its quantitative variation runs almost parallel to that of agglutinin and precipitin. In a few cases, however, the complement-fixation reaction does not appear or is strikingly weak before abortion and, in such cases, it tends. to become positive about 10 days after abortion. The complement-fixing antibody in the blood generally shows no conspicuous diminution in 30 days after abortion. (Table 4).
(4) As far as these 3 serological tests were tried in a number of vaccinated or naturally infected cases in 50 days after vaccination and abortion, the content of each antibody in the blood showed practically no difference between vaccinated and infected horses. Thus we could not differentiate these 2 conditions by the above-mentioned reactions. (Table 2).
(5) The correlation between O and H agglutinins was finally studied.
a) If pregnant mares are inoculated either intravenously or perorally with living organisms, O agglutinin is chiefly produced and H agglutinin is very low or fails to appear. (Tables 5 & 6).
b) In geldings and nonpregnant mares, when intravenously inoculated, the relation between the production of the O and H agglutinins is similar to that in the above-mentioned case (a). If animals are subcutaneously inoculated, however, the production of H agglutinin becomes marked and tends to approach that of O agglutinin. (Tables 7-99).
c) In mares repeatedly subcutaneously treated with "Sitinohe" vaccin (killed bacilli), the production of both O and H agglutinins is marked, but, according to individual, the quantitative relation between these 2 agglutinins varies. (Table 10).
d) In vaccinated mares, the quantity of O agglutinin in the blood increases, but that of H agglutinin remains constant, if later intravenously inoculated with living bacilli. (Table 11).
e) When the vaccinated mares aborted on account of natural84 K. HIRATO.infection, the majority of them had larger amount of O agglutinin than of H agglutinin, so far as the observation is limited to 44 days after abortion. (Table 12).
f) If mares are intravenously inoculated with killed organisms, the production of O agglutinin is conspicuous and that of H agglutinin remains low, as in the case of intravenous inoculation with living organisms. (Table 13).

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The brain showed a slight meningitis with perivascular infiltration which formed nodules in the parenchyma. There was found degeneration of nerve-cells, and at times haemorrhage especially in the "Ta-strain" Almost all the infiltrative elements were lymphocytes, rarely combining. with eosinophilic leucocytes and histocytes, but no neutrophilic leucocytes were to be seen. In the "Tc-strain", the intranuclear corpuscles described by Joest and Degen were found in some large ganglion cells of the cornu ammonis. In the cerebellum, there was found a slight infiltration and degeneration. Haemorrhage occurred rather severely in the nucleus dentatus of the "F-strain" in which the degeneration of the nerve-cells was striking. In the spinal cord of the "Ta-strain", a trace of meningitis and an intense perivascular infiltration were found in the grey matter or in the white matter of the cord, especially in, the posterior horn. In this strain, the infiltration and degeneration were more intense than those which occurred in the, brains, and haemorrhage was much advanced in the cord and brain, while the infiltration was not so pronounced. The spinal ganglia were intensely affected, showing. both infiltration and haemorrhage. It may be pointed out that the changes were always found in the central and also in the peripheral nervous system and, except the "Ta-strain", they were more intense in the brain than in the cord. The results obtained are shown in the following table.

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