This article reviews population-based studies on weight fluctuation in humans. Review shows several challenges in method of these studies. Recommendation for method in population-based studies are as follows. 1. There is not yet established definition of weight fluctuation. Definite definition should be established and unified. 2. Body weight should be measured by using more reliable scale. 3. Standard for assessing magnitude, direction and pattern of weight fluctuation should be unified. 4. Period of measurement of body weight should be made shorter. 5. Large cohort studies of both sexes and a wide range of age should be conducted. 6. Duration of observation should be made longer.

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The plasma leptin levels were measured for 39 healthy female students and the results were compared with those obtained from the physiological and blood biochemical tests for any correlation. The result of the comparison showed that the leptin levels obtained fell within a range of 7.1±3.2 (1.8〜19.4) ng/ml and had significant correlations with BMI, body fat rate, body fat volume, glucose, urea nitrogen, ALP, and total bilirubin among the values obtained from the physiological and blood biochemical tests. In the light of the correlation of leptin levels with ALP values, in particular, a further investigation may be performed about the correlation between leptin levels and bone metabolism.

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By carrying out the therapeutic recreation to the old people with the dementia that lives in facilities, we examined the therapeutic effect. We set the recreation of the each form of the reminiscence, imitation and thought type. Using three kinds of intelligence test, the effect of the therapeutic recreation was examined. The therapeutic recreation was carried out throughout for 6 months in each one hour weekly one time. As the result, the following existed : the person who improved the score of the intelligence test after the therapeutic recreation and lowered person. The person who the score lowered after the treatment had the medical history of cerebral apoplexy in a past. The person who improved the score after the treatment mostly did not have the medical history of cerebral apoplexy. The therapeutic recreation used in present investigation seemed to be mainly effective for the dementia that originated from the disuse syndrome. It is necessary to confirm the factor of the improvement effect observed this time further.

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The purpose of this study was to investigate the actual life-style, exercise and recognition of exercise among the workers at the age between 40 and 64. The participants in this study were 590 workers, and their ages ranged from 40 to 63 years old, with an average of 49.8 years(SD=5.1). The data were collected by the questionnaire which consisted of life-style, recognization of effectiveness of the exercise and exercise-behavior. The analyses of these data were conducted by the chi-square test, Fisher's exact test and Wilcoxon signed rank test. The results were as follows, 1. The rate of men's exercise-behavior was significantly higher than that of women's (p<0.001). 2. The participants who actually exercised once or more a week was only 37.5%, although 80% of the participants recognized the effectiveness of the exercise. 3. The participants who actually exercise more recognized the effectiveness of the significantly exercised better than those who did little (p<0.001). 4. 75% of the participants felt the lack of exercise, and half of the participants who actually exercised also felt the same.

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We made an epidemiological follow-up study on correlation between 9 daily health practices at baseline and change rate of health examinations such as blood pressure and serum lipids for the next one year. ling in a rural district, Yamagata Prefecture. Follow-up study showed the following results. 1. Change rate of body weight and BMI were not significantly different between a good practice and a bad practice of any health practices in both sexes. However males having a good health practice in salt intake were significantly lower in change rate of body fat % than males having its bad health practices. 2. Subjects having a good health practice of salt intake were significantly lower in change rate of SBP than subjects having its bad health practice in both sexes. Males having a good practice of smoking were significantly lower in change rate in DBP than males having its bad health practice. 3. There is no significant difference in change rate in scrum lipids between a good practice and a bad practice of any health practices in both sexes.

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We targeted Hoken-Suisinins and non-Hoken-Suisinins, then compared the two to clarify influence of continuing experience of Hoken-Suisinin Activities of F-city on health behaviors and on health promoting activity towards their families and their communities. Hoken-Suisinins were divided into three groups : those with one to two years' experience, those with three to six years' experience, and those with more than seven years' experience. We verified the following as a result. 1. Age and a subjective sense of health A significant relationship was seen in regard to age : non-Hoken-Suisinins without activity experience were the youngest. Years of age increased along with age of this activity. A meaningful relationship was found in regard to a subjective sense of health : non-Hoken-Suisinins showed a significantly high subjective sense of health in comparison with Hoken-Suisinins for ages of this activity of more than seven years. 2. Health behavior scores and scores of health promoting activity towards their families and communities After reviewing all scores of health behavior and health promoting activity towards their families and their communities in four groups of score subjects, a significant relationship was observed in health behavior scores of all four groups. Non-Hoken-Suisinins were the lowest. Then, those with three to six years' experience, those with one to two years' experience, and those with more than seven years' experience became higher in that order. In scores of health promoting activity towards their communities, there were significant differences among the following four groups : non-Hoken-Suisinins, those with one to two years' experience, those with three to six years' experience, and those with more than seven years' experience. Scores of health promoting activity towards their communities increased through accumulating experience. Although a meaningful relationship was not seen in scores of health promoting activity towards their families in the four groups, the average score for health promoting activity towards families of all groups by Hoken-Suisinins was higher than that by non-Hoken-Suisinins.

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Using salt-sensitive Dahl S rats, salt-loading was carried out with both sail diet and high-potassium salt diet, and the variation in blood pressure and its effects were investigated. Those diets stated above were given for 10 weeks during which blood pressure measurements, biochemistry and urine tests were taken. The result showed that, comparing with salt diet, high-potassium salt diet had a more limited effect in raising blood pressure and less effect on renal function.

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The cellular localization of X-prolyl dipeptidyl-aminopeptidase (XPAP) was investigated using the broken mycelia of Aspergillus oryzae. In the broken mycelia, 26.1% of the total activity was found in the cell wall fraction (2,000 X g), 71.6% of the total activity was found in the soluble fraction (100,000 X g supernatant). The relative molecule weights of XPAP in the cell wall fraction and the soluble fraction were estimated to be 280,000. Based on these results, it is considered that XPAP of Aspergillus oryzae would be easily solubilized from the membrane. Although XPAP of Aspergillus oryzae is not a secretary enzyme, the enzyme activity was observed also in the extract of solid bran culture. From this observation, it is assumed that the aged cells underwent auto digestion during the solid bran culture making, and then XPAP exposed from the membrane.

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