The influences of the level and type of regular physical activity as well as the concern for ingestion and consumption calories were investigated on the corpulence level (Body Mass Index and Body Fat Percentage) for 113 students (average age : 23 year-old). As the result, attention to over-eating is effective for suppressing over-body weight, and does not operate efficiently for the corpulence prevention. Proper physical activity is favorable for prevention of both over- weighting and corpulence. Physical activity is recommended for loosing weight while keeping in good health.

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We analyzed the factors related to prevention against frequent falls in old-old residents aged over 75 and young-old residents aged from 65 to 74. Multiple regression analysis was performed using frequency of falls as a dependent variable with age, sex, anamneses, self-rating symptoms, muscle power, moving range of joints, pain of joints, walking capacity, bone density, blood pressure and other factors as independent variables. The results were as follows. The factors significantly related to frequency of falls in old-old residents aged over 75 were right Kemp's Test (Positive) (β=0.302), systolic blood pressure (β=0.213) and right hand grip power β=-0.191). The factors significantly related to frequency of falls in young-old residents aged from 65 to 74 were 10m walking speed β=-0.344) and left arm abductor power β=0.199).

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A questionnaire survey concerning the smoking environment and smoking behavior was performed in 82 workers of a transport company. There was no difference in the knowledge about 10 harms of smoking among the smokers, those who had successfully stopped smoking, and the non-smokers. However, there were differences in the attitude to not smoking, work environment, and family back-ground among the 3 groups. The workers who had successfully stopped smoking had high interest in not smoking and were highly aware of the presence of those who had also successfully stopped smoking among close colleagues in the work-place. Many smokers considered their smoking to be their responsibility; they did not support the creation of a no smoking environment in the workplace, and wished freedom concerning the place of smoking. Also, many smokers were free to smoke anywhere in their homes and lived with smoking family members. From these results, spreading the knowledge about the harm of smoking in the workplace, and supporting changes in the work and home environments that induce behavioral changes from smoking to no smoking, are considered important.

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To estimate manganese (Mn) intake from tea, intake of tea drink (tea infusion and commercial tea drink) was surveyed in healthy 69 male and 39 female university students and Mn contents in the tea drink were measured by atomic absorption spectrometry. Intake of the tea drink in the students was estimated to be 689 ±491 (mean ± SD) ml/day and an inter-individual variation of the intake was remarkable. Mn content in most of infusion or commercial drink of green tea, black tea and oolong tea was 0.5 to 2.5 μg/ml; this range was somewhat lower than values described in the Standard Table of Food Composition of Japan. Mn content in most of roasted barley tea drink was less than 0.1 μg/ml. An estimated intake of Mn from tea drink was 0.68 ± 0.67 nig/day. Ratio of the students with Mn intake at a level of more than 1 mg/day was 26%. These results indicate that tea highly contributes to Mn intake in Japanese population.

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