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Volume 29 (1960)
- Issue 6 Pages 461-
- Issue 5 Pages 391-
- Issue 4 Pages 319-
- Issue 3 Pages 191-
- Issue 2 Pages 113-
- Issue 1 Pages 1-
Predecessor
Volume 29, Issue 5
Displaying 1-16 of 16 articles from this issue
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(VIII) Lipids of living and shed cuticles of larvaeMasayoshi Shikata1960 Volume 29 Issue 5 Pages 391-399
Published: October 31, 1960
Released on J-STAGE: November 29, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSChemical constituents of lipids were compared between isolated cuticles of 5th instar larvae and the exuviae from pupation ecdysis. The lipids prepared by the method shown in Fig.1, were separated into several fractions with liquid chromatography on silica gel and analyzed with the following results.
1. Ether soluble fractions of cuticular lipids are almost entirely composed of glycerides of low melting-point, which are found most in the inner layers of the cuticle. They contain only a little amount of waxes. On the other hand, the exuvial lipids are almost made up of waxes. The amount of such waxes found in the exuviae seems to correspond to that of those which increase in the cuticle of the prepupae just before ecdysis.
2. Fractions soluble in chloroform resemble with each other in connection with their quality and quantity. From this it is likely that the waxes of exuviae of such a nature exist as they were in the living cuticle.
3. As for the saturated hydrocarbons, these appear to be little differences in theproperties and amount. From this it is concluded that the hydrocarbons do not increase in amount during the molting unlike the waxes.
4. Sterol esters do not occur in both lipids, but their free forms are seen in a large amount in the living cuticle. Phospholipids exist also in it but not in the exuviae. Bothsubstances can be proved only in the lipids contained in the inner parts of the cuticle.
5. Thus, it may be considered that the lipid constituents of the intact cuticles are not entirely the same as those of the shed ones, and they suffer some changes during the process of moulting.View full abstractDownload PDF (1431K) -
(IX) Lipides of living and shed cuticles of ligatured premature larvaeMasayoshi SHIKATA1960 Volume 29 Issue 5 Pages 400-404
Published: October 31, 1960
Released on J-STAGE: November 29, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn order to inquire into the problem what changes will take place in the properties and amounts of cuticular lipides of silkworm under the influences of the actions of the metamorphosis hormones and the starvation, the caterpillars were ligaturel in the boundary of head and thorax on the third day of the 4th instar and developed into premature stage. The results of examination of lipides contained in their living and shed cuticles were as follows.
1. In the normal larvae (not ligated) absolute amounts of the total cuticular lipids as well as the ratio of the insoluble parts increase enormously just before pupation ecdysis.In exuviae the lipids are almost entirely composed of the wax-like substances.
2. The ether soluble components contained in the cuticles do not show any increase by the collapse of time in the ligatured premature and normal unfed larvae as compared with the amounts at the time of ligation.
3. The chloroform soluble fractions, on the other hand, show some increases.
4. There are no changes in the amounts of cuticular waxes by ligation and starvation.
5. The lipids are surely larger in content in the exuviae of the ligated larvae from their pupation moult than those from the growth moult, when the comparison are made simultaneously.
6. Thus there are found no changes in the properties and amounts of waxes contained in the cuticles of the ligated premature larvae by the actions of metamorphosis hormones and starvation, but there is an evident increase in the exuviae of pupation moult as compared with those of larval moult (4th moult) with which the hormones have nothing to do.View full abstractDownload PDF (900K) -
(I) On the formation of the intima in the anterior divisionHiromu AKAI1960 Volume 29 Issue 5 Pages 405-410
Published: October 31, 1960
Released on J-STAGE: November 29, 2010
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(IX) Further studies on the phenolic substances and the mechanism of darkening and hardening of the cuticleShigemi KAWASE1960 Volume 29 Issue 5 Pages 411-414
Published: October 31, 1960
Released on J-STAGE: November 29, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS1. Free protocatechuic acid found in the integument and exuvia at pupation period can not be detected in those at larval and imaginal moulting.
2. The acid content in the integument and exuvia just before and after pupation respectively is less than that of exuvia stored in laboratory.
By incubating the homogenates of the integument and fresh exuvia at pupation period at 37°C or hydrolizing them with 6N H2SO4 for several hours, protocatechuic acid can be extracted resulting in large quantity. From this, it may be infered that the majority of protocatechuic acid in the integument or fresh exuvia at the pupation period exist in a combined condition with unknown substance.
3. When newly laid pupal cuticle, soft and colourless, was immersed in tyrosine, catechol, 3, 4-dihydroxyphenyl acetic acid and protocatechuic acid, the cuticle manifested the most natural amber colour only in case of protocatechuic acid, while purplish black in tyrosine, brown in catechol and pale amber in 3, 4-dihydroxyphenyl acetic acid. From above mentioned results, the author supposes that at least protocatechuic acid is one of the phenols responsible for pigmentation in the pupal cuticle of the silkworm, Bombyx mori.View full abstractDownload PDF (663K) -
(XII) The functional localization of the silkgland on the amino acid absorptionToshifumi FUKUDA, Motoichi MATSUDA1960 Volume 29 Issue 5 Pages 415-419
Published: October 31, 1960
Released on J-STAGE: November 29, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS1) The current experiment was carried out, in relation to silkprotein biosynthesis, to clarify the functional localization of the silkgland on the amino acid absorption.
2) A pair of silkglands was isolated from the silkworm one hour after 0.5μc per head of the C14 amino acids, such as C14 glycine, C14 alanine, C14 tyrosine, C14 aspartic acid, C14 glutamic acid, C14 phenylalanine and C14 serine was given per os, to make its radioautograph.
3) The quantity of the amino acid absorbed by the posterior division is the same at all the cells.
4) The absorption of the C14 amino acid is taken place at all the cells of the middle division of the silkgland, but its activity is especially strong at the cells present at all the middle part of the middle division and at the anterior half of the posterior part of the middle division. At the posterior part of the middle division is recognized one boundary-line, before and behind where the absorption ability varies strikingly.
5) The quantitative ratios of the amino acid absorbed by cells of the posterior division for the amino acid absorbed by cells of the middle division vary remarkably by different amino acids.View full abstractDownload PDF (934K) -
(VI) On the pigments of cocoon in Theophila religiosae HELF and Indian silkwormsNaomasa FUJIMOTO, Keizo HAYASHIYA1960 Volume 29 Issue 5 Pages 420-424
Published: October 31, 1960
Released on J-STAGE: November 29, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn this paper, the authors have detected the pigments of cocoons in Theophila religiosae HELF and Indian silkworms, with absorption spectrum, colour reaction and paper-chromatography. The cocoon layer of T. religiosae contains 4 and more kinds of carotenoids (one of them may be similar to one of the yellow cocoon pigments in Bombyx mori (var. Kojiki)) and 3 phenols. And in Indian silkworms, the cocoon layer of var. Nistari contains 4 and more kinds of carotenoids (two of them may be similar to two carotenoids of Theophila religiosae) and 9 flavonoids, but those of other varieties, Moria and Chotopalu, contain only the same 9 flavonoids. These flavonoids are identical with those of both green cocoon in Japanese and Chinese silkworms and those of the cocoon of Theophila mandarina MOORE. Therefore, it may be considered from the above-mentioned flavonoids that T. religiosae HELF is not the progenitor of Indian silkworms and the progenitor is the same to that of Japanese and Chinese silkworms.View full abstractDownload PDF (705K) -
(I) Growth and ill condition of infected larvaeJoji AOKI1960 Volume 29 Issue 5 Pages 425-430
Published: October 31, 1960
Released on J-STAGE: November 29, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSBy using larvae artificially infected with Aspergillus flavus-oryzae group soon after the first molting, observations were made on the duration of the second and the third instars, the second and the third sleeping periods and on the mortalities during the feeding as well as the sleeping period.
As the results of this experiment it was concluded that the duration of the second instar of infected larvae was only slightly retarded when compared with normal ones and, on the contrary, it was generally prolonged in the third instar. As for the sleeping period, no difference was observed comparing with the check in the second sleeping period, while it was prolonged in the third one.
The sleeping ratio of infected larvae did not decrease when compared with the check save for the cases with high concentration of fungous suspension in the second instar, whereas it decreased to one half of the check in the third instar. The mortality was similar during the second and the third sleeping periods in the infected larvae, which was larger, in both cases, than the check.
Inoculated larvae usually could never sleep or died during the sleep and, even in the rarer cases of surviving the sleep, they perished with the shrinkage of the body length in serious condition, while in light condition they were usually kept alive during the next feeding period followed by the death during the sleeping period. As was mentioned we could with difficulties find any incubation period in this disease. The relative live weight of inoculated larvae to normal ones began to diminish three days after the infection, remained constant during the second sleep and again diminished rapidly from the beginning of the third instar. The diminishing degree in inoculated larvae was more remarkable than in larvae of Muscardine.
Also the amount of diet and feces began to diminish from three days after the infection and tends to become more distinguished in the third instar.View full abstractDownload PDF (926K) -
(I) On the relationship between the polyhedrosis of Antheraea pernyi and that of Bombyx mori.Sigeo TANAKA1960 Volume 29 Issue 5 Pages 431-435
Published: October 31, 1960
Released on J-STAGE: November 29, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS -
Tsuneo HONDA1960 Volume 29 Issue 5 Pages 436-442
Published: October 31, 1960
Released on J-STAGE: November 29, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe author carried out a experiment on the elongation of mulberry root throughout the winter of 1954-1955 and 1958-1959. The material for this experiment was two-year-old mulberry plants of Kokuso-21 and Ichinose forms planted in wooden or concrete root box (33×33×200cm) with glass-plate at front side, the top of the boxes being leveled with ground surface. The observation was done every 5-14 days during the whole period. The results are summarized as follows:
1. After leaf fall the root elongation at the depth of 10-100cm below the surface almost stopped, while the root continued to grow at 130-200cm depth throughout the winter (Table 1, 2).
2. The minimum of average soil temperature was 7.5-8.0°Cat deep layers in which root continued to elongate (Table 3).View full abstractDownload PDF (949K) -
(II) On the conponents of pupa of Bombyx mori which was killed by HCN gasMutsuo KUGA1960 Volume 29 Issue 5 Pages 443-446
Published: October 31, 1960
Released on J-STAGE: November 29, 2010
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(III) On the method of cocoon-drying at the low temperatureMutsuo KUGA1960 Volume 29 Issue 5 Pages 447-452
Published: October 31, 1960
Released on J-STAGE: November 29, 2010
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Hayao IWABUCHI1960 Volume 29 Issue 5 Pages 453-458
Published: October 31, 1960
Released on J-STAGE: November 29, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS -
[in Japanese], [in Japanese]1960 Volume 29 Issue 5 Pages 459
Published: October 31, 1960
Released on J-STAGE: November 29, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS -
1960 Volume 29 Issue 5 Pages 460a
Published: 1960
Released on J-STAGE: November 29, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (106K) -
1960 Volume 29 Issue 5 Pages 460b
Published: 1960
Released on J-STAGE: November 29, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (106K) -
1960 Volume 29 Issue 5 Pages 460c
Published: 1960
Released on J-STAGE: November 29, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (106K)
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