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Volume 23 (1954)
- Issue 6 Pages 319-
- Issue 5 Pages 271-
- Issue 4 Pages 217-
- Issue 3 Pages 143-
- Issue 2 Pages 67-
- Issue 1 Pages 1-
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Volume 23, Issue 6
Displaying 1-17 of 17 articles from this issue
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Toshimichi OSHIMA1954 Volume 23 Issue 6 Pages 319-324
Published: December 29, 1954
Released on J-STAGE: July 01, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS1. The experiments were carried out to see the influence of the partial pressure of oxygen in the soil aeration on the sprouting, growth of the root and top, especially on the growth of the new roots of mulberry seedling. The seedlings were cultured in sand, which was aerated by the gas mixture of various concentrations of oxygen and nitrogen in the ratios: 0, 1, 2, 3, 5, 10 or 20 parts to 100.
2. In each lot the water capacities and porocity was considered the same, the difference between each lot was considered to be brougnt about by the difference of the partial pressure of oxygen.
3. The sprouting was retarded a little in the 0% lot. After the expand of leaf, the growth-rate of leaf and shoot was parallel to the oxygen-pressure in the range from 1-20%, and below 3%, the growth did not advance beyond a certain limit. It was found the oxygenpressure above 5% was neccesary to allow the seedlings grow normal.
4. The root grew to some extent when the aerating gas contained oxygen above 2% but oxygen above 5% was neccesary for the root to develop normally.
5. Comparing the data in various fruit trees, such as the apple, the pear, the peach or the persimon with those mentioned above, it may he concluded that the mulberry seed-ling can grow in lower oxygen pressure than fruit trees.View full abstractDownload PDF (641K) -
1. Identification of raffinose and stachyose in the various parts of the mulberry tree and fluctuation of their contents during its growthYutaka KASHIWADA1954 Volume 23 Issue 6 Pages 325-328
Published: December 29, 1954
Released on J-STAGE: July 01, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe sugars contained in the various parts of the mulberry tree were investigated with the method of paper chromatography, as the result of which raffinose and stachyose were detected in seed, bud, shoot and root. But the sugars above mentioned were only detected in the diapause period of the mulberry tree, e. g. in the dormant seed and bud, and also in the shoot and root of the winter, except in the growth period of these parts.View full abstractDownload PDF (466K) -
1954 Volume 23 Issue 6 Pages 328
Published: December 29, 1954
Released on J-STAGE: July 01, 2010
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Eiichi NAGASHIMA1954 Volume 23 Issue 6 Pages 329-333
Published: December 29, 1954
Released on J-STAGE: July 01, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe absorption curve of the melanin pigments in the cuticles of several stages in the silkworm larvae which were extracted by FLORENCE'S method was analysed by the spectro-photometric method using several mutants. The results obtained are as follows:
The difference of the absorption curve of melanin pigments was not observed from the stage of newly hatched larva to that of 3rd instar one, but the differences were found at the 4th instar, the peak due to the existence of some phenol compounds having appeared at 290mμ wave length in normal (+) and lemon yellow (lem) strains. The peak at 290mμ was observable at the 5th instar larval stage from 3 or 4 days after the 4th moulting to the matured larval stage in all strains used excepting for striped (ps) in which the peak disappeared at the matured larval stage.
From these results, it may be plausibly thought that the peak of 290mμ was due to the existence of phenol compounds which could not be excluded by FRORENCE'S method because of the differences of the cuticle structure. The disappearance of the peak of the melanin pigment in the matured larva of ps may be imagined to be due to a quinone tanning, but the reinvestigation on this problem is thought to be necessary. Moreover it may be plausibly thought that these differences of the cuticle structure have some relations with the expressions of the genes controlling the newly hatched larval marking and a few larval markings.View full abstractDownload PDF (526K) -
III. Stainability of albuminous yolk globulesTakeo TAKAMI1954 Volume 23 Issue 6 Pages 334-338
Published: December 29, 1954
Released on J-STAGE: July 01, 2010
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Ueber den am frueheren Entwicklungsstadium abnorm kruemmenden Embryo der Seidenraupe, Bombyx mori L.Shoji WADA1954 Volume 23 Issue 6 Pages 339-342
Published: December 29, 1954
Released on J-STAGE: July 01, 2010
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II. Studies on the effects of the temperature during pupal stage on the voltinism of the silkworm, Bombyx mori L.Narumi YOSHITAKE1954 Volume 23 Issue 6 Pages 343-348
Published: December 29, 1954
Released on J-STAGE: July 01, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe mechanism on the changes of the pigmentation and the hibernation of the egg has been investigated by incubating the pupae in various temperature (15, 20, 25 and 30°C) using bivoltine races of the silkworm, Bombyx mori L. The results obtained are as follows:
1. The conditions of the incubation temperature in the stages of pupa and of the egg at the next generation have some influences upon both the egg pigmentation induced by tryptophane metabolism and the egg hibernation, and the temperature in the pupal stage is more effective than that in the egg stage for the pigment formation.
2. The most temperature-sensitive stage for the permeability of 3-hydroxykynurenine from blood to the ovary is the relatively early one of the middle pupal stage. When the pupa of this stage is incubated in relatively low temperature (15-20°C) not injurious for the pupal physiological conditions, much more 3-hydroxykynurenine transmitted from the papal blood into the egg than in the higher temperature incubation as 30°C, resulting the darker pigmentation of the eggs laid in the former than in the latter.
3. It may be plausibly thought that the differences of the incubation temperature in the papal stage have some relations with both the hormonal function deterring the voltinism and the growth rate of the ovary, and finally control the amount of 3-hydroxykynurenine transmitted to the egg resulting the change of the egg pigmentation.
4. The control of the permeability to the egg by the incubation temperature is not only observable in 3-hydroxykynurenine, but also in kynurenine. The parallelism between the egg pigmentation and hybernation mentioned above may be thought to be due to that the transmissions to the egg of both the pigment forming substances and the inhibitor of the embryonal development accompany with each other.View full abstractDownload PDF (798K) -
III. On the change of the voltinism due to the injection of a few inorganic salts and other chemical substancesNarumi YOSHITAKE1954 Volume 23 Issue 6 Pages 349-356
Published: December 29, 1954
Released on J-STAGE: July 01, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe present paper deals with the change of the voltinic characteristics due to the injection of a few inorganic salts and some inhibitors for enzymes using two kinds pupae induced respectively by the low temperature incubation (15°C dark) and the high temperature one (25-26°C light) in the embryonal stages using four chinese bivoltine races, the former usually will lay the non-hibernating eggs, but the latter do the hibernating ones.
In the experiments of the injection used the pupae induced by the low temperature incubation of the eggs, some pigmented and hibernating eggs were obtained by the injection of KCl and Na-citrate. In the NaCl injection, a few lightly pigmented eggs were obtained, being all of them non-hybernating eggs. In the investigation on the effects of a few inhibitor for some enzymes, it was observed that Na-azide which is thought to inhibit the cytochrome oxidase activity has some influences upon the change of the egg pigmentation and hibernation, and other inhibitors for enzymes produced very lightly pigmented eggs, but they were all non-hibernating ones.
The phenotype of the eggs from the female moth being injected KCl, NaCl and K2SO4 in the pupal stage were resembled to the mutant kidney (ki), end this may be thought to be a kind of phenocopy.
In the experiments using the pupae treated in the embryonal stage with high temperature, the eggs not showing pigmentation and hibernation of several percentage were induced in almost all cases of the injection of some inorganic salts and a few inhibitors for some enzymes.
In the experiments on the injection of the above mentioned substances into the larval body, no appearent influences upon the change of hibernation were observed, though in a few cases lightly pigmented eggs appeared.
The changes of the voltinic manifestation by the above mentioned injection may not be due to the direct effects on the function of the hormon which determine voltinism and that of the suboesophagial ganglia or brain, but may be due to the effects on the egg cells in the special developmental stage.
The mechanism on the change of the voltinism induced by the injection of KCl and NaCl are thought to be different from the effects of the inhibitor for enzymes, and it may be plausibly thought that K plays an important part for the change from the non-hibernating eggs to the hibernating ones.View full abstractDownload PDF (3128K) -
1954 Volume 23 Issue 6 Pages 356
Published: December 29, 1954
Released on J-STAGE: July 01, 2010
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Hisashi YAMAZAKI1954 Volume 23 Issue 6 Pages 357-365
Published: December 29, 1954
Released on J-STAGE: July 01, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe author investigated on the nervous control of sexual behaviours, that is, copulation, ejaculation, oviposition and sexual stimulus, in some Lepidopterous moths (Antheraea yamamai, A. pernyi and Bombyx mori), through experiments of decapitation and nervous ganglionectomy. The decapitation of the Bombyx moth gives rise to the extripation of the brain and the suboesophageal ganglion, but the corpora allata and the pharyngeal ganglion always remain in the isolated body. On the contrary, our observations show that their organs are removed with the decapitation in the moths of Antheraea yamamai and A. pernyi.
When decapitated, both female and male moths suddenly stopped their movement of copulation and enter a standstill. This sexual behaviour may be controlled by the head (brain).
The 9th nervous ganglion in the female moth of Bombyx not only controls the oviposition, co-operating with the brain, but also manages the ejaculation of the male, and the sperm moves indendently in the seminal vesicle regardless of the brain, according to the results of the experiment of ganglionectomy.
The report has shown the nervous control of sexual behaviours but in the future we I concluded by expressing my heartiest thanks to Dr. Y. UMEYA revised the manuscript. have to discuss on neurosecretions.View full abstractDownload PDF (453K) -
I. On the differences between the deterioration and the yellowing of silkToshikazu CHUJO1954 Volume 23 Issue 6 Pages 366-372
Published: December 29, 1954
Released on J-STAGE: July 01, 2010
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III. Effect of some detergents upon the reeling quality of the cocoon in using an enzyme solution as the reeling agentK. NISHIZAWA, M. FUJITA, T. KOBAYASHI1954 Volume 23 Issue 6 Pages 373-377
Published: December 29, 1954
Released on J-STAGE: July 01, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIt was shown that a few surface active agents were considerably effective on the reeling quality of the cocoon as the enzyme solution from Bacillus Natto was used as the reeling agent.View full abstractDownload PDF (203K) -
Hiroyoshi HASHIMOTO1954 Volume 23 Issue 6 Pages 378-383
Published: December 29, 1954
Released on J-STAGE: July 01, 2010
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I. Solubility of sericin of cocoon layer caused by the action of heated waterMasayoshi NAKANISHI1954 Volume 23 Issue 6 Pages 384-387
Published: December 29, 1954
Released on J-STAGE: July 01, 2010
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II. The sericin losing in silk manufacture process and its simple measurement by chemical methodMasayoshi NAKANISHI1954 Volume 23 Issue 6 Pages 388-393
Published: December 29, 1954
Released on J-STAGE: July 01, 2010
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Yasuo KATO, Kazuo SUZUKI, Hiroyuki MORII1954 Volume 23 Issue 6 Pages 394-398
Published: December 29, 1954
Released on J-STAGE: July 01, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS1. When certain kinds of cocoons are reeled at love temperature, their rates of reeling quality begin to drop rapidly at about 30°C. This tendency is the more remarkable as the reeling quality of cocoon is lower.
2. Reeling quality is sharply effected by reeling speed at the temperature below 30°C.
3. Reeling becomes harder at about 20°C even with the help of penetrating agent in the process of cocoon-cooking.
4. The effect of such a penetrating agent as permeates layer of cocoon and causes the unwinding of have upon the reeling quality becomes remarkable in the reeling-water of a low temperature (30-20°C).
5. Neogen (anion active agent) as a penetrating agent, at the density of 0.01, 0.05 and 0.1% shows the good quality in our experiment, but reeling at the density of 0.05 and 0.1% is hard for the foaming of the penetrating agent.View full abstractDownload PDF (243K) -
1954 Volume 23 Issue 6 Pages 399-402
Published: December 29, 1954
Released on J-STAGE: October 29, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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