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Volume 45 (1976)
- Issue 6 Pages 461-
- Issue 5 Pages 381-
- Issue 4 Pages 291-
- Issue 3 Pages 193-
- Issue 2 Pages 95-
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Volume 45, Issue 2
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[in Japanese]1976 Volume 45 Issue 2 Pages 95-106
Published: April 28, 1976
Released on J-STAGE: July 01, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (1859K) -
IV. Effects of the small flacherie virus on change in infecttivity of the infectious flacherie virus passed through different strains of the silkwormYoji FURUTA1976 Volume 45 Issue 2 Pages 107-110
Published: April 28, 1976
Released on J-STAGE: July 01, 2010
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II. Heritabilities in amount of food ingested, amount of food digested and digestibility in F2 populationToshio YAMAMOTO, Takuma GAMO1976 Volume 45 Issue 2 Pages 111-114
Published: April 28, 1976
Released on J-STAGE: July 01, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSHeritabilities of the three characters related to food utilization, amount of food ingested, amount of food digested and digestibility, in the silkworm larvae reared on an artificial diet were studied, using two hybrid strains. Heritability was estimated in F2 population by means of the method of parent-offspring regression.
The heritabilities of amount of food ingested, amount of food digested and digestibility in the 5th instar larvae were estimated as 0.53-0.68, 0.42-0.75 and 0.36-0.64 respectively, and their values were higher in female larvae than in male ones. Since the heritabilities of these three characters showed relatively high value, it is concluded that these characters can be improved by selection.View full abstractDownload PDF (414K) -
Katsuo OHYAMA, Seibi OKA1976 Volume 45 Issue 2 Pages 115-120
Published: April 28, 1976
Released on J-STAGE: July 01, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThis paper describes procedure for the regeneration of whole plants from shoot tips under aseptic conditions. The isolated shoot tips were cultured on MURASHIGE-SKOOG (MS) solid medium with different growth substances at 28°C and exposed to fluorescent light (4000 Lux, Photoperiod 12hrs).
The results obtained were as follows.
1. Vegetative development of explants were strongly influenced by concentration of the agar used to the medium. Fresh weight yield increased as agar concentration decreased. This was probably due to the increased diffusion rates of large molecules through more dilute agar gel.
2. The addition of benzyladenine (BA) to MS medium resulted in shoot formation but never induced any root formation, and the addition of 2, 4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2, 4-D-) remarkably enhanced the callus formation at the lower part of explants, but the shoot were scarcely developed.
3. The addition of naphthalenacetic acid (NAA) or gibberellic acid (GA3) to BA-supplemented MS medium resulted in remarkable increase in the leaf production and internode extention.
4. At the end of 3-week growth period on MS medium, supplemented with BA alone, the cultured explants were transferred and sub-cultured on MS medium which contained NAA at concentration 1mg/1. The explants continued their development and showed signs of root formation from the basal part of the plants.
5. When the plants attained the 5 or 6 leaves stage, they were transferred to pots containing vermiculite and growh in growth chamber at 80% RH.
6. From our experiments it could be concluded that an exogenous supply of BA and NAA is necessary for morphogenesis leading to the development of a complate plant in mulberry trees.View full abstractDownload PDF (3561K) -
Hidejiro TAKAGISHI, Akira GOTO, Toyoko SATO1976 Volume 45 Issue 2 Pages 121-127
Published: April 28, 1976
Released on J-STAGE: July 01, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSPhosphorus effects to mulberry growth which suffered from Cu, Co, Ni or Zn injury were tested by soil culture method.
Acidic alluvial sandy loam was used. Metal elements were supplied in the following amounts; Cu 1.67, Co 8.33, Ni 12.5 and Zn 80ppm per dried soil. Based on another experiment, half reduction of mulberry growth were forecasted by this.
1. Mulberry leaf yield increased markedly by heavy phoshorus application in spite of metal element supply or no supply, and the increment reached in about 70% for the cases of no metal supply, Co or Zn supply.
2. Under consideration of the leaf yield increment by phosphorus application in no metal supply plot, the yield increment in the case of each metal supply was reevaluated, because the soil was a priori poor in phoshorus fertility. As the result, the substancial increments of yield by phosphorus application were only several percent in the cases of Co or Zn supply. In the cases of Cu or Ni supply the yield did not increase substancially.
3. Cu, Ni and Zn contents in leaves decreased in appearance by heavy phosphorus application. The decrement of Ni and Zn contents may be explained from the stand point of “dilution effect” caused by growth ameriolation, but the reasonable explanation was not obtained to Cu content decrement.
4. Relative composition of macro-nutrients to nitrogen content in whole leaves was influenced by metal element supply. The P/N decrement with decreasing and the K/N decrement with increasing of phosphorus application were characteristic in the case of Zn supply.View full abstractDownload PDF (718K) -
Hidejiro TAKAGISHI, Toyoko SATO, Noriko MATSUDA1976 Volume 45 Issue 2 Pages 128-134
Published: April 28, 1976
Released on J-STAGE: July 01, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSMulberry trees precultured by water culture method were tested on the growth disorder caused by Cd toxicity and Cd distribution in tissues.
1. When the Cd concentration in culture solution was less than 5μM/l (0.56ppm), any growth disorder did not appear. With increasing Cd concentration above 10μM/l (1.12ppm) the petioles became drooping and the leavees at lower position shoot fell down. In addition to this, the Cd concentration higher than 25μM (2.8ppm) resulted in browning of roots and barbed wire like shape of secondary roots, then graduall rotting out.
2. Most fallen leaves kept fresh green color. The specific symptoms did not appear, like necrosis developed on midrib and veinlets of leaves as so-called Cd excess symptom.
3. The greatest Cd accumulation was observed in shoot, with stock and petiole with midrid showing lesser amounts. Mesophyll accumulation was slight. With increasing Cd concentration in solution Cd accumulation increased in shoot, stock and petiole with midrib. The older the age of shoot and petiole with midrib, the more accumulation, But the content in leaf was little affected by increasing concentration and ageing.
4. Cd content in fallen leaves was comparatively constant in about 13ppm in spite of leaf order.
5. From the above-mentioned facts, it was supposed that when Cd concentration in vascular tissues was raised to a certain level absciss layers may be formed and this may result in little fluctuation of Cd content in surviving leaf with more increasing concentration in culture solution.View full abstractDownload PDF (3864K) -
Tsuyoshi MURAKAMI1976 Volume 45 Issue 2 Pages 135-139
Published: April 28, 1976
Released on J-STAGE: July 01, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA single leaf showing differnt stage of growth was kept in the dark for 10 to 12 hours and, immediately after the dark treatment, it was illuminated by the artificial light for approximately about 2 hours, during which measurement was made on photosynthetic rate at about 5 minutes intervals.
The results are as follows:
1). Photosynthetic rate of mulberry leaves varied greatly according to leaf order and growth stage, and they reached to a settled level of photosynthetic rate in 30 to 70 minutes after the beginning of illumination.
2). Time required to attain to a settled level of photosynthetic rate was determined with the season of measurement rather than with the leaf order.
The the time required was about 70 minutes in the middle of August where mulberry plants grew vigorously, about 50 minutes at the beginning of September, about 30 minutes in the middle of September, when the growth of plant was slowing down.
3). The proportion of photosynthetic rate measured in 10 minutes after the beginning of illumination to the maximum rate obtained was 30 to 60 percent in the middle of August, 30 to 70 percent early in September and 60 to 70 percent in the middle of September. The proportion was comparatively low in the leaves with high potential and was high with low potential.
4). It may be said that the ability of stomata to close decline at first and, afterward, the ability of stomata to open decline with the progress of the ageing of leaves and growth stage.
5). It was concluded that the change of photosnythetic rate after the beginning of illumination was intricately influenced with the ability of stomate to open and close, the seasen of measurement and the ageing of leaves.View full abstractDownload PDF (487K) -
I. Probability distribution of the size of empty baskets runAkinori SHIMAZAKI, Kouki SASAKI1976 Volume 45 Issue 2 Pages 140-145
Published: April 28, 1976
Released on J-STAGE: July 01, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWe dealt with the probability distribution of the size of empty baskets run in the feeling process of newly-cooked cocoons with a priority order of seniority.
We now define each notation as follows;
Z(j); random variable on the size of empty baskets run at the j th's store box of cooked cocoons,
k; number of the empty units,
q; probability that a store box requiring cocoons accepts the cocoon of one unit from the basket series, p=1-q,
P(Z(j)=k); probability of (Z(j)=k).
From our analysis, the next relation was led.
P(Z(1)=k)=qkp, P(Z(2)=k)=∑kl=0(k+l 2l)p2(pq)k
As a general rule,
P(Z(j+1)=k)=P(Z(j)=k)pk+1+∑k-1i=0P(Z(j)=i)P(Z(j)=k-i-1)(k+1 2)qpk/(k 1)
+∑k-2i=0∑k-2-Il=0P(Z(j)=i)P(Z(j)=l)P(Z(j)=k-i-l-2)(k+2 4)q2pk-1/(k 2)
+……+[P(Z(j)=0)]k+1(k+k 2k)qkp/(k k)
where j=2, 3, ……, N-1. These theoretical results were verified by means of Monte-Carlo procedures and the validity was certified.View full abstractDownload PDF (521K) -
Teruo NISHIDE1976 Volume 45 Issue 2 Pages 146-149
Published: April 28, 1976
Released on J-STAGE: July 01, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe size detector (contact type) was developed appling the differential transformer. The detector consisted of several parts, such as core, bobbin, plate springs, and detector holder.
It was confirmed that the detector could detect the size signal under running thread of raw silk. Relation between the size and the output voltage was given essentially straight line. The detector could detect the size change on the base of dropping end or feeding end of a cocoon filament. Relation between the force for displacement of core and the output voltage was given straight line under the elastic limit of plate spring, when the thread running speed was less than 70 (m/min), the output voltage increased little by little. But above this speed, the output voltage remained nearly constant.View full abstractDownload PDF (435K) -
Mamoru SATO, Kokichi TAKAHASHI1976 Volume 45 Issue 2 Pages 150-155
Published: April 28, 1976
Released on J-STAGE: July 01, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn order to determine the strains of P. mori and their phages distributed in Japan, many isolates of both bacteria and phages were tested for their affinity between each other.
Phage sensitivity of P. mori was studied by the drop method using 125 isolates of bacteria and 49 isolates of phage. As the result, P. mori isolates were classified into five lysotypes, A, B, C, D and E, according to their sensitivity to six phage strains as follows:
Lysotype A: Sensitive to phage groups, I, II, III, IV, V and VI.
Lysotype B: Sensitive to phage groups I, II, III, IV and V.
Lysotype C: Sensitive to phage groups III and IV.
Lysotype D: Sensitive to phage groups II, IV and V.
Lysotype E: Resistant to all phage groups.
Lysotype B was most widely distributed in Japan constituting 25.6% of the total isolates. Other lysotypes, A, C, D, E were less frequently isolated than B. And 19.2% of the total isolates could not be classified by the phage sensitivity.
These lysotypes showed similar distribution in the various districts surveyed.
The host range of P. mori phage was studied using 17 species of Pseudomonas, 9 of Xanthomonas, 3 of Erwinia, 3 of Bacillus, and 1 of both Corynebacterium and Escherichia. The host range of the phage was very narrow and it attacked only three species, such as P. phaseolicola, P. striafaciens and P. eriobotriae.View full abstractDownload PDF (570K) -
I. The local difference in the seasonal prevalence of the adult insectMasaki IBA, Shoji INOUE, Minoru KIKUCHI1976 Volume 45 Issue 2 Pages 156-160
Published: April 28, 1976
Released on J-STAGE: July 01, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe yellow-spotted longicorn beetle, Psacothea hilaris, is one of the most injurious pest of mulberry trees in Japan. The present studies have been carried out to elucidate the local difference in the seasonal prevalence of this insect. The study plots in 1962-1967 were the mulberry fields at Ayabe in the Kansai district and those in 1973-1974 were the mulberry fields at Tsukui and Hino in the Kanto one.
The results obtained are summarized as follows:
1. The first emergence of the adult occurred from the end of May to the end of November at Ayabe, while at Tsukui and Hino it occurred from the middle of June to the end of November.
2. The peak of adult occurrence was observed in the early summer at Ayabe and in the autumn at Tsukui and Hino.
3. The sex ratio (female to both sexes) of insects caught was about 0.46. There was neither local nor seasonal difference.
4. The size of adult insect was 11-30mm in length and the coefficient of variation of body length was bigger in the male than in the female.View full abstractDownload PDF (460K) -
Studies on the time Course of respiratory rate of mulberry leaves after putting out the illuminationTsuyoshi MURAKAMI1976 Volume 45 Issue 2 Pages 161-165
Published: April 28, 1976
Released on J-STAGE: July 01, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSMulberry leaves which had been illuminated more than 120 minutes were examined for the change in their resrespiratory rate after putting out the illumination.
The results are summarized as follows:
1. The respiratory rate depended on the order of leaf and the growth stage, especially the former. The difference concerning the growth stage was distinguished between the season before the eary September and the season after late September.
2. The respiratory rate was relatively high immediately after putting out the illumination and decreased rapidly to attain a settled level in 30 to 60 minutes. The settled level of respiratory rate may be regarded as the actual respiratory rate by night.
3. The proportion of the settled level of respiratory rate to the rate measured immediately after putting out the illumination was about 60 percent, approximately 50 percent and 70 to 80 percent for young immature, mature and senescent leaves, respectively.
4. The respiratory rate of mulberry leaves by night measured at 25°C was over 4mg CO2 for young immature leaves, about 1mg CO2 for mature ones and in the range of 0.5 to 1.0mg CO2/100cm2/hr. for senescent ones.
5. It is supposed that the ability of stomate to close participated in the change with time in respiratory rate. Considering in connection with change in photosynthetic rate with the passage of time after the beginning of illumination, the decline in the ability of stomata to open and close may begin with the decline in the ability to close.View full abstractDownload PDF (495K) -
II. Consideration on the distribution of empty baskets runAkinori SHIMAZAKI, Kouki SASAKI1976 Volume 45 Issue 2 Pages 166-171
Published: April 28, 1976
Released on J-STAGE: July 01, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn our previous report, a theoretical distribution of empty baskets run was obtained on the assumption that the requirement time interval followed an exponential distribution. However, the interval does not always follow the exponential distribution. Therefore, we took gamma, normal and rectanglar distributions as the models of the time interval distribution and examined the properties of empty runs. And we got good approximate results on the relation between the theoretical value and the observed frequency. Calculation of the theoretical distribution was very difficult and tedious even though we used an electronic computer. We regarded the Pólya-Eggenberger distribution as the approximate one in place of the theoretical distribution. From the experiment, it was known that if we had the cocoon possessive baskets carried forward about 30per cent, the feeding system would be taken good stability and the approximate distribution was in conformity with the observed results.View full abstractDownload PDF (504K) -
Akio OHNUMA, Akio MURAKAMI1976 Volume 45 Issue 2 Pages 172-178
Published: April 28, 1976
Released on J-STAGE: July 01, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn the couse of progeny tests of egg-color specific locus mutations induced by 137Cs gammaray in pupal oocytes of the silkworm, it was shown to be a red egg (re, V: 31.7) locus mutation. According to the genetical analysis of this mutant, it is clearly observed that this mutant seemed to have resulted from a deficiency and/or breakage in the vicinity of re locus of chromosome 5 and that one broken part of the chromosome including pe (pink egg, V: 0.0) gene locus was translocated to the W chromosome. In addition, another part of the chromosome 5 including oc (chinese oily, V: 40.8) gene locus was in existence as a member of the genome. Thus, it can be concluded that this translocation line has a chromosome constitution of Z/W.V+pe.V+oc/V.
It was also observed that this translocation line produce a number of non-disjunctional individuals. In the female progeny of a cross between a female of this line and a male of the marker strain, there were individuals of three different chromosome types with Z/W.V+pe.V+oc/V, Z/Z.V+pe/V and Z/W.V+pe.V/V, while in the male progeny, there were individuals of three types with Z/Z.V/V, Z/Z.V+oc.V/V and Z/Z.V+oc/V. Some embryos of male progeny with Z/Z.V+oc/V in a cross between a female of the translocation line and a male of the marker strain died probably because of the loss of a greater part (ca. 60%) of chromosome 5. Similarly, in the progeny of a cross Z/W.V+pe.V/V_??_×Z/Z.V/V_??_, neither disjunctional males with normal color egg (+) nor females with yellowish-white egg (pe) were segregated, while in a cross between Z/W.V+pe.V+oc/V and the Z/Z.V/V there were a small number of progeny with disjunctional chromosomes. These findings seemed to have resulted from non-disjunctional events in meiotic divisions because this translocation line had such the complicated chromosome constitution.View full abstractDownload PDF (669K) -
Sigeo MURAKOSHI, Yoshio TAKIGUCHI1976 Volume 45 Issue 2 Pages 179-182
Published: April 28, 1976
Released on J-STAGE: July 01, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSLarvae of the silkworm; Bombyx mori L., were reared on leaves of Lactuca debilis Maxim. dipped in chloramphenicol aquous solution, throughout the larval stage in early spring of 1975. The results obtained are as follows.
1) Starting from 3 batches of 50 newly hatched larvae, 18, 24 and 38 cocoons, and 15, 20 and 34 moths were obtained. These moths performed normal mating and oviposition.
2) The larval period was about 23 days at 25°C. The mean weight of cocoon and cocoon shell was 1.37-1.48g and 243-287mg. The adults laid 584-632 eggs, most of which were fertilized.
3) Dead larvae appeared during the 2nd and 3rd instars and they exhibited the symptom like “shrinkage after molting”.View full abstractDownload PDF (1859K) -
M. KOBAYASHI, M. NAGATA, N. YOSHITAKE1976 Volume 45 Issue 2 Pages 183-184
Published: April 28, 1976
Released on J-STAGE: July 01, 2010
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Masayoshi OGURE1976 Volume 45 Issue 2 Pages 185-186
Published: April 28, 1976
Released on J-STAGE: July 01, 2010
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Saburo KOMORI1976 Volume 45 Issue 2 Pages 187-188
Published: April 28, 1976
Released on J-STAGE: July 01, 2010
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Toshikazu OSHIKI1976 Volume 45 Issue 2 Pages 189-190
Published: April 28, 1976
Released on J-STAGE: July 01, 2010
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1976 Volume 45 Issue 2 Pages 191
Published: April 28, 1976
Released on J-STAGE: July 01, 2010
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