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Volume 47 (1978)
- Issue 6 Pages 455-
- Issue 5 Pages 363-
- Issue 4 Pages 273-
- Issue 3 Pages 181-
- Issue 2 Pages 91-
- Issue 1 Pages 1-
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Volume 47, Issue 2
Displaying 1-16 of 16 articles from this issue
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K. OHYAMA1978 Volume 47 Issue 2 Pages 91-100
Published: April 28, 1978
Released on J-STAGE: July 01, 2010
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IV. The relation between different compounds of heavy metals and their toxicity, and an absorption of heavy metals by the silkworm, Bombyx mori L.Takekatsu MIYOSHI, Fukuju MIYAZAWA, Osamu SHIMIZU1978 Volume 47 Issue 2 Pages 101-107
Published: April 28, 1978
Released on J-STAGE: July 01, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe toxicity of compounds of heave metals (Cd, Zn and Cu), namelly chloride, oxide, sulfate or acetate, was not influenced by the type of compounds involved, but depended solely on the concentration of each heavy metal in the diet. Sulfide of heavy metals, however, had no toxicity against the silkworm, probably because CdS, CuS and ZnS was difficult to dissolve in the digestive juice. The concentration of heavy metals in the midgut epithelium was much higher than that in the blood or in the integument. Presumably, the toxicity of heavy metals was determined by the absorption in the midgut.
The absorption of a heavy metal by the silkworm was affected by the coexistence of other heavy metals. (1) The addition of Cd in a diet increased the absorption of not only Cd but also Zn, Cu and Pb. (2) The addition of Zn usually inhibited the absorptio of Cd, and moreover, the absorption of Cu was inhibited when Cd co-existed. (3) The addition of Cu accelerated the absorption of the co-existence of Zn. (4) Pb and As did not affect the absorption of another heavy metals. (5) The combination of metals which enhanced the injury of silkworm coincided with what increased the absorption of heavy metals.View full abstractDownload PDF (786K) -
Masae YAMADA1978 Volume 47 Issue 2 Pages 108-112
Published: April 28, 1978
Released on J-STAGE: July 01, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe sericin of the mulberry wild silkworm, Bombyx mori mandarina, seem to contain the same kind of amino acids as the domesticated silkworm, Bombyx mori. However, the wild silkworm sericin contained serine, proline, methionine, glucosamine, galactosamine and histidine in lower amount and threonine, glutamic acid, cystine and phenylalanine in higher amount. The contents of threonine, galactosamine and glucosamine were significantly higher in the inner layer of cocoons than in the outer layer. Furthermore, the sericine extracted from the floss of this insect showed high contents of serine, glycine, valine and tyrosine but low contents of threonine, aspartic acid, alanine, cystine, leucine, glucosamine, galactosamine, lysine and histidine as compared with the sericin of cocoon-layer.
The wild silkworm sericine contained more amino acids with nonpolar-side chain and less amino acids with polar side chain than the domesticated silkworm sericin. The coefficient of pattern-similarity in amino acid composition was high between the sericins of the wild and domesticated silkworms, while sericins from other insects sucn as Antheraea or Philosamia showed significantly low similarity. The results show that the amino acid composition of the sericin extracted from the cocoon is species specific.View full abstractDownload PDF (428K) -
IV. Effects of virus infection on larval cuticle formationYoshihiko ABE1978 Volume 47 Issue 2 Pages 113-118
Published: April 28, 1978
Released on J-STAGE: July 01, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSHistological observations were carried out on the integument of silkworm larvae infected with nuclear polyhedrosis virus at various stages of the 3rd instar, to determine the effect of virus infection on the formation of new cuticicle during the moulting.
In healthy larvae, the epidermal cell layer became thick by elongation of cells, and glycogen was stored in the cytoplasm near the basement membrane before the 3rd moulting (60 hours after the 2nd moulting). The larvae have exuviated at 84 hours after the 2nd moulting.
In larvae infected with the virus immediately after the 2nd moulting, cytopathological changes caused by the virus were seen in epidermal cells at 36 hours after the infection, and cell layer did not become thick. Glycogen was not stored in the cytoplasm. The larvae died without forming the new cuticle.
In larvae infected with the virus at 24 hours after the 2nd moulting, cytopathological changes caused by the virus were observed in epidermal cells at 48 hours after the infection, and the cell layer became thick at 72 hours after the 2nd moulting. But when most epidermal cells were infected, the storage of glycogen in the epidermal cells was not observed, and no cuticle formation was observed. In the other hand, when the infected cells were very few, the storage of glycogen in the epidermal cells was observed, and new cuticle was normaly formed at 84 hours after the 2nd moulting.
In larvae infected with the virus at 36 hours after the 2nd moulting, infected epidermal cells were not observed during the 3rd moulting, the epidermal cell layer became thick and glycogen was stored in the cytoplasm. The larvae could exuviate to next instar. The pathological changes of infected epidermal cells was observed 60 hours after the innoculation.View full abstractDownload PDF (4778K) -
Shoichi NAKASONE1978 Volume 47 Issue 2 Pages 119-124
Published: April 28, 1978
Released on J-STAGE: July 01, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWhen fifth-instar larvae of the silkworm were reared on a synthetic diet containing 1.6-4.0mg cholestrol per g dry diet, normal larval growth was obtained. When the cholesterol content was below 0.8mg per g dry diet, however, the larval growth and the weight of cocoon and cocoon-layer were reduced. Only a part of the larvae pupated and became adults. When larvae were fed on a cholesterol-deficient diet, all of them could neither make coccoon nor pupate. Cholesterol content of the larval hemolymph was proportional to the level of dietary cholesterol.
The minimum level of cholesterol required for the normal oviposition was about 1.6mg per g dry diet. The number of eggs laid rather than the weight of eggs was more affected by the level of cholesterol.
Cholesterol content of the eggs increased markedly when the dietary cholesterol level was raised from 0.2 to 1.6mg per g of dry diet. When the dietary level was further increased, however, the cholestrol content of eggs was only slightly increased. Furthermore, the total lipid content of eggs was virtually not varied, even when dietary level of cholesterol was changed.View full abstractDownload PDF (599K) -
Hidenori KAI, Yutaka HAGA1978 Volume 47 Issue 2 Pages 125-133
Published: April 28, 1978
Released on J-STAGE: July 01, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSEsterase A in silkworm eggs was investigated in both general esterase activity to 2-naphthyl acetate and yolk cell lytic activity in vitro in relation to diapause development.
1. Diapause eggs exhibited an appreciable change in general esterase activities of esterase A to 2-naphthyl acetate by chilling and the maximum activity was obtained at about one month of chilling, preceding an establishment of hatchability in chilled eggs.
2. When eggs were transferred to 25°C after various periods of chilling, the esterase A showed two different patterns of changing in general esterase activity to 2-naphthyl acetate during the 25°C incubation, This suggests that qualitative variance in esterase A would occur along with the changes in the enzyme activity to 2-naphthyl acetate during chilling.
3. Esterase A of non-diapause or artificial non-diapause eggs is responsible for yolk cell lysis in vitro. Esterase A of diapause eggs chilled for 28 days showed also the yolk cell lytic activity. While the esterase A preparations derived from unchilled diapause eggs at various stages had no such lytic activity, even when the general esterase activity of esterase A was enhanced. This indicates the qualitative variance of esterase A occurring in chilling.
4. The qualitative variance of esterase A may be a physiological property preceding diapause termination.View full abstractDownload PDF (822K) -
I. The amount of food intake and cocoon productivityKoji TAKANO, Narihiko ARAI1978 Volume 47 Issue 2 Pages 134-142
Published: April 28, 1978
Released on J-STAGE: July 01, 2010
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Kokichi TAKAHASHI, Mamoru SATO1978 Volume 47 Issue 2 Pages 143-153
Published: April 28, 1978
Released on J-STAGE: July 01, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAn unknown bacterial disease of the mulberry, which was discovered in Hyogo and Chiba prefectures in 1969, expanded its distribution year by year. In 1977, the disease was observed in sixteen prefectures of Japan.
The characteristic symptoms of the disease are the soft rot and non-sprouting of the overwintering shoot in early spring and the soft rot of the young shoot in middle or late spring. When the diseased mulberry shoot was cut back, the wounded portion of the stock exuded sap for more than two weeks. In general, the disease severity in the mulberry fields seems to correlate with the degree of intermediate-cutting.
Many bacterial isolates, which were collected from diseased mulberry in various localities and showed the pathogenicity, were identified as Erwinia carotovora var. carotovora (JONES) DYE on the basis of their pathogenicities to various plants, bacteriological characters, and serological reactions. This new disease was designated at “shoot soft rot disease of mulberry”.View full abstractDownload PDF (6252K) -
Tamio INOKUCHI, Narumi YOSHITAKE1978 Volume 47 Issue 2 Pages 154-160
Published: April 28, 1978
Released on J-STAGE: July 01, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn order to elucidate the metabolic pathway for the formation of stench substance excreted from the mutant-skunk larvae, the composition of free ninhydrin-positive substances in the hemolymph and the feces was compared between the mutant and the normal. In addition, uric acid content in the feces, the concentration and the electrophoretic patterns of hemolymph protein of the mutant larvae were also compared with those of the normal larvae. The results obtained were summarized as follows:
1. Total amount of ninhydrin-positive substances in the hemolymph was not so much different between the mutant and the normal. However, the mutant hemolymph showed a marked accumulation of a few amino acids, such as leucine, isoleucine and valine. Amount of free ninhydrin-positive substances in the feces excreted from the mutant larvae was much higher than that of the normal larvae, and especially asparagine, tyrosine and γ-amino butyric acid showed high values.
2. The mutant larvae excreted a slightly higher content of uric acid in the feces than the normal larvae.
3. Although there was no difference in the concentration of the hemolymph protein bedween the mutant and the normal larvea at an early stage of the 5th instar, the concentration was significantly less in the mutant larvae at a mature stage. However, the electrophoretic pattern of the hemolymph protein remained the same at any stage between the mutant and the normal.
4. These results suggest that the mutant has an inborn abnormality in metabolism of aliphatic amino acids, such as leucine, isoleucine and valine, and that the stench substance is resulted from the abnormal metabolism in the larval stage.View full abstractDownload PDF (2262K) -
Narumi YOSHITAKE, Masahiko KOBAYASHI, Yoko OGAWA1978 Volume 47 Issue 2 Pages 161-165
Published: April 28, 1978
Released on J-STAGE: July 01, 2010
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III. Dyeing properties to acid dyesTakeshi KAKO, Akira KATAYAMA, Nobuhiko KUROKI1978 Volume 47 Issue 2 Pages 166-170
Published: April 28, 1978
Released on J-STAGE: July 01, 2010
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Fumiko SATO, Hajime INOUE, Yoji FURUTA, Chihiro AYUZAWA1978 Volume 47 Issue 2 Pages 171-174
Published: April 28, 1978
Released on J-STAGE: July 01, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn the present work, histopathological observations were carried out with the fluorescent antibody technique on the multiplication of a small flacherie virus in the silkworm. The frozen sections of the virus-infected larvae showed that the virus specifically infected to the columnar cell of the midgut epithelium, but scarecely multiplied in the other tissues such as foregut, hindgut, integument, silk gland, muscles, tracheal cells, Malpighian tubles, fat body, and hemocytes. In the columnar cell, the virus formed virus matrix in the nucleus and the cell having giant nucleus reached up to 10 percent of the virus-infected cells at an advanced stage of infection.View full abstractDownload PDF (3725K) -
Fumiko SATO, Takao SHIMIZU, Hajime INOUE1978 Volume 47 Issue 2 Pages 175-176
Published: April 28, 1978
Released on J-STAGE: July 01, 2010
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Mituro YONEYAMA1978 Volume 47 Issue 2 Pages 177-178
Published: April 28, 1978
Released on J-STAGE: July 01, 2010
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1978 Volume 47 Issue 2 Pages 179
Published: April 28, 1978
Released on J-STAGE: July 01, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS -
1978 Volume 47 Issue 2 Pages 179a
Published: 1978
Released on J-STAGE: July 01, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (80K)
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