JSM Mycotoxins

Toxicological studies on human fetal cytochrome P450: Approarch on the basis of molecular biology

Tetsuya KAMATAKI

1995 Volume 1995 Issue 41 Pages 1-4
Published: June 30, 1995
Released on J-STAGE: August 04, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2520/myco1975.1995.1

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Biological pest control of grasses by Acremonium endophytes

Hironori KOGA

1995 Volume 1995 Issue 41 Pages 5-8
Published: June 30, 1995
Released on J-STAGE: August 04, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2520/myco1975.1995.5

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Acute toxicity in poisonings induced by mycotoxins or phycotoxins

Kiyoshi TERAO

1995 Volume 1995 Issue 41 Pages 9-13
Published: June 30, 1995
Released on J-STAGE: February 04, 2010

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2520/myco1975.1995.9

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Acute toxicity in the microbial poisonings plays an important role not only in occurrence of such poisonings in the field but also in detections and purification of the toxins in laboratories. Factors associated with acute toxicities are as toxin solubility, absorption by the body, administration route, potency, interval between intake and onset of poisoning symptoms, and toxin target. Characteristics of the acute toxicities induced by several mycotoxins and phycotoxins areanalyzed and discussed.

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Microtuble antagonists activate apoptosis in mice

K. NAKAMURA, N. IZUMIYAMA, K. OHTSUBO

1995 Volume 1995 Issue 41 Pages 15-19
Published: June 30, 1995
Released on J-STAGE: August 04, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2520/myco1975.1995.15

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Neuronal differentiation factor produced by hepatoma cells

Fumio TASHIRO

1995 Volume 1995 Issue 41 Pages 21-25
Published: June 30, 1995
Released on J-STAGE: February 04, 2010

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2520/myco1975.1995.21

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[in Japanese]

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Toxicity of trichothecenes in splenic and thymic cells

S. KUMAGAI, T. MIZUOCHI, Y. SUGITA-KONISI

1995 Volume 1995 Issue 41 Pages 27-29
Published: June 30, 1995
Released on J-STAGE: August 04, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2520/myco1975.1995.27

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Reduction of toxicities of aflatoxin B₁ and isolation of a metastastasizing cancer cell line from aflatoxin B₁-induced rat liver tumor

Mitsutaro AKAO

1995 Volume 1995 Issue 41 Pages 31-34
Published: June 30, 1995
Released on J-STAGE: February 04, 2010

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2520/myco1975.1995.31

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[in Japanese]

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Bioproduction of alkaloids on artificial media and natural substrates by some strains of Penicillium

A.G. KOZLOVSKY, T.A. RESHETLLOVA, N.G. VINOKUROVA, L.S. L'VOVA

1995 Volume 1995 Issue 41 Pages 35-40
Published: June 30, 1995
Released on J-STAGE: August 04, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2520/myco1975.1995.35

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Some species of the genus Penicillium (P. palitans, P. expansum and P. farinosum) were examined for the ability to produce nitrogen-containing mycotoxins (alkaloids) on synthetic, complex media, summer wheat and apple juice in the submerged and surface culture. Bioproduction of clavine and benzodiazepine alkaloids was observed in all media tested in surface conditions. However, the essential differences were found in the total amounts of alkaloids as well as in the ratio of separate components and their distribution between the mycelium and culture broth. It was suggested that a correlation exists between the ability of fungi to produce N-containing mycotoxins (alkaloids) on artificial media and that on natural substrates.

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Stimulation of deoxynivalenol and nivalenol production by dimethyl sulfoxide

Nantarit CHOKETHAWORN, Yasuko WATANABE, Naoko MORI, Takumi YOSHIZAWA

1995 Volume 1995 Issue 41 Pages 41-45
Published: June 30, 1995
Released on J-STAGE: August 04, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2520/myco1975.1995.41

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Stimulatory effect of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) on trichothecene biosynthesis by Fusarium graminearum KU 1352 [deoxynivalenol (DON) producer] and F. graminearum KU 1383 [nivalenol (NIV) producer)] were investigated in yeast extract-polypepton-sucrose medium. DMSO at concentrations subinhibitory to fungal growth significantly enhanced production of trichothecenes in both strains. Maximum yields of trichothecenes were 162% (660 μg/ml) of control at 5% DMSO in the DON producer and 141% (778 μg/ml) at 2% DMSO in the NIV producer. This is the first report on the enhancement of tricho-thecene production by DMSO without inhibition of biomass formation.

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Ochratoxin A producibility by strains of Aspergillus niger group stored in IFO culture collection

Hiroshi ONO, Ai KATAOKA, Michiru KOAKUTSU, Kenji TANAKA, Shoichi KAWAS ...

1995 Volume 1995 Issue 41 Pages 47-51
Published: June 30, 1995
Released on J-STAGE: August 04, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2520/myco1975.1995.47

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Twenty-seven strains of Aspergillus niger group stored in the Institute for Fermenta-tion, Osaka (IFO) were examined for their ochratoxin A (OTA) producibility. TLC and HPLC analyses revealed the production of OTA by 5 out of the 27 strains, A. awamori var. fumeus IFO 4122, A. usamii IFO 8875, 8876, 8877, and A. usamii mut. shirousamii IFO 6082. The production was also confirmed by its spectral assignment of both nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and mass spectra (MS).

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Pink mold rot of muskmelon and tomato fruits and trichothecin production by Trichothecium roseum

H. TAKAHASHI, S. UEMATSU, T. OIZUMI, E. MORI, S. YANAGIHORI, M. ICHINO ...

1995 Volume 1995 Issue 41 Pages 53-59
Published: June 30, 1995
Released on J-STAGE: August 04, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2520/myco1975.1995.53

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Trichothecium roseum causes pink mold rot of muskmelons and tomatoes cultivated in greenhouses, and also produces trichothecin, a 12, 13-epoxytrichothecene. To clarify the pathogenicity and trichothecin production of T. roseum, mycological examination was carried out in 8 greenhouses in Chiba Prefecture. The contamination of muskmelon and tomato fruits with trichothecin was also examined. Trichothecium roseum was isolated from almost all of the moldy or discolored muskmelon and tomato fruits, as well as tomato stem dumped near the greenhouse. The fungus was found in the air of a greenhouse in which many moldy tomato fruits were present, but in none of the soil samples from the greenhouses tested. In an inoculation test, T. roseum isolated from muskmelon and tomato invaded and decayed the flesh of matured muskmelons. Moreover, almost all the isolates of T. roseum tested produced trichothecin on Czapek-Dox broth supplemented with 0.2% corn steep liquor cultured for 21 days at 25°C. Trichothecin was detected in moldy muskmelon and tomato fruits collected in the greenhouses.

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Some monoamine oxidase inhibitory components from Mycelia Sterilia derived from an Ascomycete, Gelasinospora pseudoreticulata

Haruhiro FUJIMOTO, Hiromi OKUYAMA, Yumiko MOTOHASHI, Eiji YOSHIDA, Mik ...

1995 Volume 1995 Issue 41 Pages 61-66
Published: June 30, 1995
Released on J-STAGE: August 04, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2520/myco1975.1995.61

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Three new components, tentatively named GP-A, -B, and -C, with monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitory activity and a known anthraquinone chrysophanol were isolatedfrom Mycelia Sterilia derived from an Ascomycete, Gelasinospora pseudoreticulata.GP-A and -B, the main MAO inhibitory principles of this fungus, were deduced tobe 5-hydroxy-7-methoxy-4, 9-dioxonaphtho[2, 3-c]furan and l, 3-dihydro-5-hydroxy-7-methoxy-4, 9-dioxo-naphtho[2, 3-c]furan, respectively. The IC₅₀ values of GP-A, -B, and -C were evaluated against the MAO from mouse liver.

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Co-contamination of mycotoxins in corn harvested in Haimen, a high risk area of primary liver cancer in China

D.-S. WANG, Y.-X. LIANG, K. IIJIMA, Y. SUGIURA, T. Tanaka, G. CHEN, S. ...

1995 Volume 1995 Issue 41 Pages 67-70
Published: June 30, 1995
Released on J-STAGE: February 04, 2010

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2520/myco1975.1995.67

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Natural occurrences of aflatoxin B₁, fumonisins and trichothecenes were investigated in 80 corn samples harvested in the low and high risk of primary liver cancer, Penlai (Sandong) and Haimen (Jiangsu), respectively, in China in1993. In Haimen area, the positives were 37 (average levels of 24.0 ppb), 37 (average levels of 5.11 ppm), 25 (average levels of 2.02 ppm), 25 (average levels of 1.12 ppm) and 40 (average levels of 0.89 ppm) for aflatoxin B₁, fumonisins B₁, B₂, B₃ and deoxynivalenol, respectively. In Penlai area, 12, 2, and 9 out of 13 kernel samples were positive for aflatoxin B₁, fumonisin B₁ and deoxynivalenol, respectively. However, no fumonisin B₂ and B₃ were found in these Penlai's samples. As for other trichothecenes, nivalenol was detected in only one sample from Haimen, but no T-2 toxin was found in all corn samples in this investigation. These results indicate that co-contamination of aflatoxin B₁, fumonisins and deoxynivalenol is popular in Chinese corn. Furthermore, the positive rate for natural occurrence of combinated aflatoxin B₁ and fumonisins in Haimen was superior to those in Penlai. These results suggest that tumor risk factor in high frequency area of primary liver cancer in China may be associated with co-contamination of aflatoxin B₁ and fumonisins.

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