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Article type: Cover
1984 Volume 28 Issue 1 Pages
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Article type: Cover
1984 Volume 28 Issue 1 Pages
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Article type: Appendix
1984 Volume 28 Issue 1 Pages
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Article type: Appendix
1984 Volume 28 Issue 1 Pages
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Article type: Appendix
1984 Volume 28 Issue 1 Pages
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K. KYUMA
Article type: Article
1984 Volume 28 Issue 1 Pages
1-
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Tadashi MATSUNO, Satoshi MATSUMOTO
Article type: Article
1984 Volume 28 Issue 1 Pages
2-13
Published: June 30, 1984
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Soil survey for Auchi, where is 70 km north east, from Benin, Capital of Bendel State, Nigeria has been conducted from December in 1976 to March in 1977. On this soil survey, Matsuno, one of authers, found that there were a considerable wide distribution of soils which may be classified to latosol and that in many cases, they were accompanied by plinthite. A series of iron compound products from soft plinthite which can be easily catted by knives to irreversible hardening iron stone pan are seemed to be derived from continuous weathering ones. Many hardening iron stones were formed and found around the places where dry and wet situation are alternately repeated by the sides of small rivers or swampa. From the physico-chemical analysis, it was found that weathering products of soil materials and that base saturation degree of soils are generaly low, in highest case, they being 55 % and in many cases, they being 10-20 %. According to the results of differential thermal analysis, thermal gravity analysis and X-ray diffraction of clay fractions, kaolinite is predominant in all samples of soils, and besides montmorillonite is incruded in some soil samples.
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Masahiko SAIGUSA, Sadao SHOJI
Article type: Article
1984 Volume 28 Issue 1 Pages
14-25
Published: June 30, 1984
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Cumulative Zao tephra layers are distributed in the southern part of Miyagi prefecture and are divided into four groups. They are, in adescending order, the Zao-a, Zao-b, Nagano and Hirasawa tephras. The major parts of the Zao-a and -b tephra deposits are composed of coarse black ash accompanying with scoria and white ash, where as Nagano tephra is composed of alternative stackings of well-weathered ash and solidified ash. The thickness contour map of marker beds showed exactly that Zao tephras are originated from central Zao volcanoes such as present crater " Okama". The age of Zao-a and -b tephras were estimated about 360 and 1000 yrs BP, respectively based on the histric document and the radio carbon dating. Two marker beds for Nagano tephra, " Aoban " Nos 2 and 4 which are characterized by solidification were estimated te bo erupted 5000-7000 and 26000-32000 yrs BP, respectively according to the remains of pottery and stone tools and the radio carbon dating. "Aoban" No. 4 covers an extensive area and is a useful marker bed in chronological study. The heavy mineral fractions of all the Zao tephras showed that They were dominated by hyperthene accompanying with small amount of augite, colored volcanic glass and opaque minerals and trace amount of olivine. On the contrary, Medeshima tephra overlaid by "Aoban" No. 4, contained a large amounts of hornblende and opaque minerals. The light mineral fractions of Zao tephras were characterized by the dominated presence of colored glass, while those of Medeshima tephra were characterized by the automorphic quartg. The chemical composition of ferromagnetic minerals of each tephra was indigenous to the original volcanoes. According to the relationships between V-Zn belt, all the Zao tephras are determined to be basaltic andesite and Medesima tephra, rhyolite.
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Chikafumi HONDA
Article type: Article
1984 Volume 28 Issue 1 Pages
26-37
Published: June 30, 1984
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Various methods of humus composition analysis have been proposed to characterize humus among soils and soil groups. In most of the methods humic acid (HA), fulvic acid (FA), and humin are taken as the fractions of humus. Here it comes into question that during alkali extraction humus can be subjected to much or less alteration, which has been intensively studied and yet left unsolved. The purpose of the present study is to investigate on the alteration of humus during usual alkali extraction and search for in situ fractions of humus. Soil samples used were taken from surface horizons of soils in Hokkaido belonging to four soil groups (well- and poorly-drained phases of Andosols in Tokachi district, and soils from diluvium and alluvium) ; Karumai soil in Iwate Prefecture, a High-humic Andosol ; and Mure soil in Ishikawa Prefecture, a Finetextured Yellow soil. The quantity of humus extracted from four Hokkaido soils with many phosphate mixtures, pH 1.26 to 12.90, was increased with pH of extracts (extraction pH) over pH 4 (Fig. 1). It is considered that the humus may consist of humus parts differing in "the lowest extraction pH". In the humus fractions successively extracted from the thirty-six Hokkaido soils with neutral and alkaline phosphate mixtures after a treatment with dil. H_3PO_4, a close correlation was found between FA ratio and absorbance of HA (Fig. 2), which suggested that these FA and HA were possibly not mere coextracts but products of decomposition during extraction from some combined form. To clarify humus decomposition maybe occurring with extraction, known quantities of HA's extracted from Karumai and Mure soils with pyrophosphate mixtures of various pH's were re-dissolved in 0.1 N NaOH and let stand for 24 h. Always decrease of HA, i. e. formation of FA, was found (Table 1). Next, extraction of humus from the two soils with a pyrophosphate mixture, pH 13, was interrupted within l-h, and the extracts separated were left standing up to 72 h. With time of standing, HA concentration in the extracts decreased (Fig. 3) and absorbance of HA increased (Table 2). Moreover, decomposition of humus to HA and FA was found even with weak acid extraction (Table 3). Finally a schema explaining the appearance of FA and HA from each humus part on various extractions was presented (Fig. 4). It is thought that a proper fractionation of all the humus parts can give in situ fractions of humus.
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Masanori MITSUCHI
Article type: Article
1984 Volume 28 Issue 1 Pages
38-41
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Takeshi MATSUI
Article type: Article
1984 Volume 28 Issue 1 Pages
42-44
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Zi-tong GONG, I. KANNO
Article type: Article
1984 Volume 28 Issue 1 Pages
45-56
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Kazutake KYUMA
Article type: Article
1984 Volume 28 Issue 1 Pages
57-58
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Kazutake KYUMA
Article type: Article
1984 Volume 28 Issue 1 Pages
59-61
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Shigeru ARAKI
Article type: Article
1984 Volume 28 Issue 1 Pages
62-65
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Teruo ASAMI
Article type: Article
1984 Volume 28 Issue 1 Pages
66-70
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[in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1984 Volume 28 Issue 1 Pages
71-
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[in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1984 Volume 28 Issue 1 Pages
72-73
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[in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1984 Volume 28 Issue 1 Pages
74-
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[in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1984 Volume 28 Issue 1 Pages
74-75
Published: June 30, 1984
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Article type: Appendix
1984 Volume 28 Issue 1 Pages
76-78
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Article type: Appendix
1984 Volume 28 Issue 1 Pages
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Article type: Appendix
1984 Volume 28 Issue 1 Pages
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Article type: Appendix
1984 Volume 28 Issue 1 Pages
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Article type: Cover
1984 Volume 28 Issue 1 Pages
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Article type: Cover
1984 Volume 28 Issue 1 Pages
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