Pedologist

[title in Japanese]

Article type: Cover
1990 Volume 34 Issue 1 Pages Cover1-
Published: 1990
Released on J-STAGE: June 30, 2018

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.18920/pedologist.34.1_Cover1

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[title in Japanese]

Article type: Cover
1990 Volume 34 Issue 1 Pages Cover2-
Published: 1990
Released on J-STAGE: June 30, 2018

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.18920/pedologist.34.1_Cover2

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[title in Japanese]

Article type: Appendix
1990 Volume 34 Issue 1 Pages App1-
Published: 1990
Released on J-STAGE: June 30, 2018

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.18920/pedologist.34.1_App1

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Soil Survey Closely Related to Agriculture

T. Anzai

Article type: Article
1990 Volume 34 Issue 1 Pages 1-
Published: 1990
Released on J-STAGE: June 30, 2018

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.18920/pedologist.34.1_1

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Changes in Zero Point of Charge (ZPC) in the Weathering Process of Soil Material.

Katsutoshi SAKURAI

Article type: Article
1990 Volume 34 Issue 1 Pages 2-14
Published: 1990
Released on J-STAGE: June 30, 2018

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.18920/pedologist.34.1_2

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Zero point of charge (ZPC) is a point, where the net charge of variable charge components is zero deu to the equal H^+ and OH^- adsorption on them. σ_p is the remaining charge at ZPC, and both organic and mineral components that are capable of adsorbing H^+ or OH^- at ZPC contribute to the value of σp. ZPC is, therefore, a specific value for variable charge soils, and considered to be very important as a measure for the evaluation of those soils. In this paper, many aspects of 36 variable charge soils from Thailand and Japan were discussed with special reference to ZPC; a), study background, b). theoretical background, c). determinative factors, d). reactivity of the particles, e). type of the titration curves with respect to buffering capacity, specific surface area, exchangeable aluminum, organic matter, 2:1 clay minerals with permanent negative charge, and the possibility to utilize ZPC value for the fertility management and conservation, f). distribution within the pedon. Furthermore, pedological feature of ZPC, namely, ZPC distribution within the pedon and its fluctuation accompanied with the chemical weathering, were discussed. Above, all, specific surface area (SSA) together with ZPC would be a key property, when considering a intense weathering in the tropics. SSA would increase with weathering initially, then followed by a gradual reduction to low values in the final stages of weathering. On the other hand, the ZPC value would shifted toward a lower pH initially, accompanied with the formation of 2:1 clay minerals, and as further desilication process going on and subsequent formation of 1:1 clay minerals, it would shift back again toward a higher pH. Finally, its value became as high as that of the iron and aluminum oxides when the basic rocks were the parent materials and iron and aluminum oxides were the only residual source of charge, or became lower when the sandy materials were the parent materials and silicious oxide as a form of qualtz alone was accumulated. It could be concluded that, at the final stage of weathering, the SSA value would decrease, while the ZPC value would converge toward different direction, depending on the nature of the parent material.

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Vegetational Environments of Volcanic Ash Soils Developed at the Foot of Mt. Iwate during the Last 13,000 yrs., with Special Reference to Opal Phytolith Analysis

Takashi SASE, Renzo KONDO, Katsuhiro INOUE

Article type: Article
1990 Volume 34 Issue 1 Pages 15-30
Published: 1990
Released on J-STAGE: June 30, 2018

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.18920/pedologist.34.1_15

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Phytolith analysis of volcanic ash soils mainly composed of tephra deposits erupted from Mt. Iwate and Mt. Akita-Komagatake was performed to elucidate the major types and changes in vegetation which have contributed to soil genesis at the foot of Mt. Iwate during the last 13,000 yrs. From ca. 13,000 to 10,000 y.B.P., Bambusoideae (Sasa) was dominant. Since ca. 10,000 y.B.P., the proportion of non-Bambusoideae in grass flora increased and humus accumulation proceeded. Thus Kuroboku-soils (Andosols) have been formed in the area. From ca. 10,000 to 8,000 y.B.P., grass flora composed of Bambusoideae and non-Bambusoideae was recognized. In ca. 8,000-2,000 y.B.P. non-Bambusoideae, mainly composed of Panicoideae and Phragmites, was dominant. Since 2,000 y.B.P., Bambusoideae expanded a little. In the latter half of the period Zoysia was a dominant grass flora, indicative of spreading short grass type pasture. The Kuroboku-soils at the foot of Mt. Iwate was considered to have been formed under the non-Bambusoideae grassland vegetation probably persisted by human impact in the Holocene.

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Andic Properties Seen in the Humic And Mineral Components of Ohnohara Peat

Shigemitsu ARAI, Makoto NAKAI, Hiroo OHTSUKA

Article type: Article
1990 Volume 34 Issue 1 Pages 31-36
Published: 1990
Released on J-STAGE: June 30, 2018

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.18920/pedologist.34.1_31

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To ascertain inflows of andosol into Ohnohara peatland, peat samples were fractionated into the coarse (larger than 2mm) and fine (less than 2mm) fractions. The latter fraction was examined on the optical property of humic acid, phosphate absorp- tion coefficient, fluoride pH, and X-ray diffraction pattern of clay minerals. Results obtained are as follows. (1) The upper layers (30-70cm) had low relative color intensity of humic acid (lower than 5) and low fluoride pH (lower than 9.4). The middle layers (70-150cm) had the highest relative color intensity of humic acid (higher than 5.3), phosphate absorption coefficient (higher than 1500) and fluoride pH (higher than 9.4), corresponding to those of typical terrestrial andosols. The bottom layers (150-190cm) had as relatively high values for those three indexes as andosols, though these layers were infered to contain components other than andosol because of low ratio of the alcoholic precipitate in humic acid. (2) The clay minerals were dispersed, in the acidic medium little, and largely in the alkaline medium. Both of the fractions contained vermiculite and kaoline minerals. (3) From these results, inflow of andosol originated from volcanic ash, was infered.

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Total Analysis of Major Constituents in Soils By X-Ray Fluorescence Spectrometry Using Calibration Lines Prepared with Soil Reference Materials (NDG-1～8)

Mitsunobu KOHNO, Kenji TAMURA, Junzo AZUMA

Article type: Article
1990 Volume 34 Issue 1 Pages 37-46
Published: 1990
Released on J-STAGE: June 30, 2018

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.18920/pedologist.34.1_37

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For quantitative analysis of major constituents in soil samples, possibilities of X-ray fluorescence spectrometry using Soil Reference Materials (NDG-1-8) as standards of calibration lines were explored. (1) For some constituents, the distribution range of contents of major constituents in Soil Reference Materials were very different from those in Rock Reference Materials. (2) The intensities of X-ray fluorescence from Na, Mn and Mg were too low to be of any reliable significance. But when these three constituents were excluded, it was possible to estimate the contents of major constituents by using the calibration lines prepared with the Soil Reference Materials, because the calibration lines showed a good linearity for each of the constituents. (3) The applicability of the method employed in this experiment has been well confirmed by the good agreement between the values obtained by the method of chemical analysis and X-ray fluorescence spectrometry.

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Clay Mineralogy of Andosols with Different Drainage.

Makoto NAKAI, Takeshi OTA, Yoji AMANO, Akira ISHIHARA

Article type: Article
1990 Volume 34 Issue 1 Pages 47-60
Published: 1990
Released on J-STAGE: June 30, 2018

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.18920/pedologist.34.1_47

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For characterization of Andosols, formations of clay minerals were studied on two profiles of Andosols. The two adjacent soils are on a terrace in Tsukuba, and different each other in microrelief, soil moisture regime and humus contents. One is a Humic Andosol (corresponding to Typic Dystrandept, medial over loamy, mixed, mesic of U. S. Soil Taxonomy), located on relatively high elevation. The other is a Thick High- humic Wet Andosol (Aquic Dystrochrept, medial over loamy, mixed, mesic), located on depression of the terrace. The difference in elevation is about 1 m between the two sites. Mineralogy and some chemical and physical characteristics samples from the two profiles were investigated. Amorphous constituents such as allophane and imogolite are dominant in the clay fractions of all horizons of the Humic Andosol and upper horizons of the Wet Andosol. Halloysite (10 A) is dominant in clay fractions of lower horizons of the Wet Andosol. The difference of clay minerals may be attributed to the soil moisture regimes. In well-drained Andosols on relatively higher elevations, concentration and precipitation rates of silica and alumina may exceed crystalization rate from silica and alumina to layer silicates, which, consequently, may cause amorphous clay formation. On the other hand, stagnant water in soils of the depressions may support crystallization of halloysite. The aquic moisture regime retards oxidation of organic matter. The accumulated humus may fix aluminum. This might make the concentration of silicon relatively high and contribute to the formation of halloysite.[figure]

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Relation between Micro-Landform and Subsoil on Shiwa Fan in Iwate Prefecture

Masayuki TOYOSHIMA, Yoshitake KATO, Tsuyoshi ONO

Article type: Article
1990 Volume 34 Issue 1 Pages 61-74
Published: 1990
Released on J-STAGE: June 30, 2018

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.18920/pedologist.34.1_61

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In this paper, the relation between micro-landform and subsoil on alluvial fan is discussed for the purpose of an effective mapping of soil types. The results are summarized as follows. The studied area is the Shiwa fan, which is one of fans developing in the Kitakami Basin in northeastern Japan, and had been formed in Late Pleistocene to Early Holocene time. Tilting toward mountains, accompanied by a low-angle thrust fault at the fan apex, has affected the distribution of geomorphic units and the geologic structure. The fan was devided into eight geomorphic units of LF1 to LF8 in micro-scale. The older ones of LF1 to LF4 were situated around a distal part of the fan. The subsoils under these geomorphic units were characterized by heavy to light clay. This subsoil was a kind of buried soil which had developed on diluvial upland, and played as a impermeable layer to cause gley soil formation in the geomorphic units of LF1 to LF4. The youngest geomorphic unit of LF8 and partially younger units of LF5 to LF7 were characterized by humic subsoil. The appearance of gley subsoil around the fan apex resulted from a basin-like structure of the basal surface of Quaternary sediments.

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Digital Analysis of Soil Profile Images

K. Kusaba, M. Hukuhara

Article type: Article
1990 Volume 34 Issue 1 Pages 75-80
Published: 1990
Released on J-STAGE: June 30, 2018

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.18920/pedologist.34.1_75

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Liu Jing-gang (Translated by I. Kanno):Red Paleosols as affected by the Neotectonic Movement in East Asia (I)

I. Kanno

Article type: Article
1990 Volume 34 Issue 1 Pages 81-87
Published: 1990
Released on J-STAGE: June 30, 2018

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.18920/pedologist.34.1_81

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Liu Jing-gang (Translated by I. Kanno):Red Paleosols as affected by the Neotectonic Movement in East Asia (II)

I. Kanno

Article type: Article
1990 Volume 34 Issue 1 Pages 88-91
Published: 1990
Released on J-STAGE: June 30, 2018

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.18920/pedologist.34.1_88

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[title in Japanese]

[in Japanese]

Article type: Article
1990 Volume 34 Issue 1 Pages 92-
Published: 1990
Released on J-STAGE: June 30, 2018

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.18920/pedologist.34.1_92

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[title in Japanese]

[in Japanese]

Article type: Article
1990 Volume 34 Issue 1 Pages 93-94
Published: 1990
Released on J-STAGE: June 30, 2018

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.18920/pedologist.34.1_93

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[title in Japanese]

[in Japanese]

Article type: Article
1990 Volume 34 Issue 1 Pages 94-95
Published: 1990
Released on J-STAGE: June 30, 2018

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.18920/pedologist.34.1_94

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[title in Japanese]

[in Japanese]

Article type: Article
1990 Volume 34 Issue 1 Pages 95-96
Published: 1990
Released on J-STAGE: June 30, 2018

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.18920/pedologist.34.1_95

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[title in Japanese]

Article type: Appendix
1990 Volume 34 Issue 1 Pages 97-102
Published: 1990
Released on J-STAGE: June 30, 2018

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.18920/pedologist.34.1_97

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[title in Japanese]

Article type: Appendix
1990 Volume 34 Issue 1 Pages App2-
Published: 1990
Released on J-STAGE: June 30, 2018

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.18920/pedologist.34.1_App2

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[title in Japanese]

Article type: Appendix
1990 Volume 34 Issue 1 Pages App3-
Published: 1990
Released on J-STAGE: June 30, 2018

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.18920/pedologist.34.1_App3

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[title in Japanese]

Article type: Appendix
1990 Volume 34 Issue 1 Pages App4-
Published: 1990
Released on J-STAGE: June 30, 2018

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.18920/pedologist.34.1_App4

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[title in Japanese]

Article type: Cover
1990 Volume 34 Issue 1 Pages Cover3-
Published: 1990
Released on J-STAGE: June 30, 2018

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.18920/pedologist.34.1_Cover3

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[title in Japanese]

Article type: Cover
1990 Volume 34 Issue 1 Pages Cover4-
Published: 1990
Released on J-STAGE: June 30, 2018

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.18920/pedologist.34.1_Cover4

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