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2013 Volume 57 Issue 1 Pages
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2013 Volume 57 Issue 1 Pages
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2013 Volume 57 Issue 1 Pages
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2013 Volume 57 Issue 1 Pages
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2013 Volume 57 Issue 1 Pages
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Article type: Index
2013 Volume 57 Issue 1 Pages
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S. TANAKA
Article type: Article
2013 Volume 57 Issue 1 Pages
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Fumio INO, Haruo TANAKA, Hiroshi SHOJI
Article type: Article
2013 Volume 57 Issue 1 Pages
2-11
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We reclassified soils from National Land Survey (NLS) to Unified Soil Classification System of Japan (USCS), and compared these soil maps. Soils were reclassified used with soil columnar sections of NLS, at two research areas-Hamaoka-town in Shizuoka Prefecture and Asahi-village in Yamaguchi Prefecture. Many soil classes of NLS were classified into expected Subgroups from a central concept of USCS, but several soil classes were classified into the different soil classes. The reason was because the soil derived from eolian sand is not classified into Fluvic soils according to USCS and thickness requirements of the alluvial soil were different. About soil map, there is a great difference between NLS and USCS at the mountain forest area, USCS map is rough. Because, USCS does not have the classification rule of catena on Brown Forest soil, but NLS has. To express the Catena on a scale of 1/50,000 was not suitable, and it is considered that the Subgroup level of the USCS is proper on a scale of 1/50,000.
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Junko TAKAHASHI, Teruo HIGASHI
Article type: Article
2013 Volume 57 Issue 1 Pages
12-26
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On the different types of soils of the Hokuriku district, Japan, under strong influences by Trans-boundary air pollution, sulfate contents and some chemical properties of forest soil samples were determined to reveal the characteristics of vertical distributions and the amounts of sulfate of soils. Vertical distributions of adsorbed sulfate varied according to soil types, and correlated with the distribution patterns in some chemical properties such as extractable Al/Fe and organic matters within soil profiles. Red-Yellow soil had the highest amounts of sulfate as weighted average with 16.4mmol kg^<-1>, followed by Allophanic Kuroboku soils and Yellow Brown Forest soils with the range of 9.4〜14.5 mmol kg^<-1>. Thapto-humic Non-allophanic Kuroboku soils, Haplic Brown Forest soil and Podzolic soil had lower amounts of sulfate (1.6〜5.8 mmol kg^<-1>). The dominant adsorbents of sulfate were (Al_o-Al_p) and (Fe_o-Fe_p) for Kuroboku soils and, (Al_d-Al_p) and (Fe_d-Fe_p) for other soil types. A strong correlation was obtained between S-retention, a new index of additional sulfate adsorption potential, and these adsorbents. On the other hand, the relationships between sulfate contents and these adsorbents were different among soil ages, showing that older soils tend to accumulate sulfate. Therefore, it indicated the amounts of sulfate in soils are determined by not only sulfate adsorption potential or current deposition of sulfate but also the time of soil genesis.
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Kazumichi FUJII, Kokoro MORIOKA, Ryan HANGS, Shinya FUNAKAWA, Takashi ...
Article type: Article
2013 Volume 57 Issue 1 Pages
27-44
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The soils in Saskatchewan in the Central Interior Plains of Canada vary from semi-arid to sub-humid climates and between parent materials deposited during deglaciation. The Brown and Black Chernozem soils are the zonal soils of the grassland in the semi-arid to sub-humid climates. However, formation of intra-zonal soils depends on parent materials, e.g. the saline materials for Solonetz and clayey glacio-lacustrine sediments for Vertisol, and it also depends on topography, e.g. toe slope for Solonetz and depression for Gleysol. Under sub-humid climate, the zonal soils are Gray Luvisols in Boreal Transition Ecoregion. In Gray Luvisol soils under aspen forests, the downward fluxes of soil water are responsible for leaching of carbonate to deeper soil horizons and translocation of clays (lessivage) could be enhanced under the decreased salt concentrations in soil solution. Compared to Chernozem soils, Gray Luvisol soils are acidified as a result of leaching of carbonate, bases, and clays. In Dystric Brunisol (Cambisol) and Luvisol soils under coniferous forests (Mid-Boreal Ecoregion), the increased leaching is responsible for soil acidification through removal of carbonate and bases. As indicated by the high concentrations of Al and Fe in soil solution, incipient podzolization is also an active process involved in formation of Dystric Brunisol and Luvisol under lichen or moss cover, coniferous forests, and sandy parent materials, which could increase production and mobility of organic acids. The importance of climate and parent material on soil formation in Saskatchewan could be well characterized by analysis of soil solutions, along with solid soil analysis.
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Yuji MAEJIMA, Maki ASANO
Article type: Article
2013 Volume 57 Issue 1 Pages
45-53
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Characteristics and classification of 3 pedons in Kikai Island were studied based on their physico-chemical properties. The results are as follows: 1) Pedon KI-1 had A-BA-Bt1-Bt2-Btg horizon sequence. The argillic horizon (Bt1-Bt2-Btg) is reddish brown (5YR4/6 or 5YR4/8) in color, and has strong subangular blocky structure. Soil reaction of Bt horizons is slightly acid (pH5.8-6.3) and the degree of base saturation is higher than 35 %. From these characteristics this dark red soil is classified as Cutanic Luvisol (Clayic, Chromic) (WRB) or Typic Hapludalf (Soil Taxonomy). Pedon KI-2 had A-AB-Bt-Btg horizon sequence. The argillic horizon (Bt-Btg) is dark brown (7.5YR3/3 or 7.5YR3/4) in color, and has weak subangular blocky structure. This soil is classified as Haplic Luvisol (Clayic) or Typic Hapludalf. Pedon KI-3 had Ap-BA-Bw1-Bw2-Btg horizon sequence. The cambic horizon (Bw1-Bw2) is yellowish brown (10YR5/8) in color, and this soil is classified as Haplic Cambisol (Dystric, Clayic) or Typic Dystrudept. 2) The activity ratio of free iron oxides (Fe_o/Fe_d) of Pedon KI-1 ranges from 0.07 to 0.22, and the crystallinity ratio of free iron oxides [(Fe_d-Fe_o)/Fe_t] ranges from 0.58 to 0.76. On the other hand, Fe_o/Fe_d of Pedon KI-3 ranges from 0.14 to 0.21, and (Fe_d-Fe_o)/Fe_t ranges from 0.41 to 0.57. The values of (Fe_d-Fe_o)/Fe_t of Pedon KI-1 are higher than those of Pedon KI-3, therefore Pedon KI-1 is considered to be more developed and weathered than Pedon KI-3.
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Takuya SAKAMOTO
Article type: Article
2013 Volume 57 Issue 1 Pages
54-56
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M. OKAZAKI
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2013 Volume 57 Issue 1 Pages
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2013 Volume 57 Issue 1 Pages
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Article type: Appendix
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Article type: Cover
2013 Volume 57 Issue 1 Pages
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Article type: Index
2013 Volume 57 Issue 1 Pages
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