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Article type: Cover
1997 Volume 41 Issue 2 Pages
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Published: December 31, 1997
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Article type: Cover
1997 Volume 41 Issue 2 Pages
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Published: December 31, 1997
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Article type: Appendix
1997 Volume 41 Issue 2 Pages
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Published: December 31, 1997
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T. HAMAZAKI
Article type: Article
1997 Volume 41 Issue 2 Pages
67-
Published: December 31, 1997
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Masayuki TANI, Teruo HIGASHI
Article type: Article
1997 Volume 41 Issue 2 Pages
68-78
Published: December 31, 1997
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Vertical distribution of low-molecular-weight aliphatic carboxylic acids (LACAs) in two subtypes of Red-Yellow soil in northern part of Okinawa Island, Japan, were studied with respect to their amounts and composition. The total amounts of LACAs among different horizon of two profiles ranged 218.9 to 543.6 μmol kg^<-1>, and 218.9 to 314.2 ,μmol kg^<-1> without organic horizons which were similar to those of Kuroboku soils (Andisols), Brown Forest soils and a Podzolic soil of Japan. The total amounts of LACAs in the O horizons and weighted average values by depth (0 to 40 cm) resembled each other in the two subtypes of Red-Yellow soils. However, the total amounts of LACAs and the amounts of major LACAs in the mineral horizons of a Typic Red-Yellow soil decreased from the surface to subsoils, while those in the mineral horizons of a Bleached Red-Yellow soil increased in the Ag horizon and Bt horizon where the soil was compacted by clay migration and the hydraulic conductivity was lower than other horizons. Namely, the singularity in the physical properties of a Bleached Red-Yellow soil affected to the vertical distribution patterns of LACAs. Since the vertical distribution patterns of the total amounts of LACAs, amounts of oxalic acid and citric acid of a Bleached Red-Yellow soil differed from those of a Podzolic soil, it was inferred that the possibility that soil formation processes of a Bleached Red-Yellow accompanied a podzolization process supplementally was virtually low.
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Jaime G. MONTESUR, Shizuo NAGATSUKA, Teruo HIGASHI
Article type: Article
1997 Volume 41 Issue 2 Pages
79-88
Published: December 31, 1997
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A study was conducted to determine the characteristics of six upland Red-Yellow soils in relation to soil-forming factors such as climate, topography and parent material, and to calssify them based on U.S.D.A. Soil Taxonomy and FAO-Unesco system. Results showed that the variations in the physical properties of the different soil samples appear to be influenced by the nature of the parent material. On the otherhand, the variation of soil chemical properties, particularly cation exchnge capacity and base saturation may be largely attributed to the differences in topography and climatic type. On drier area, Typic Rhodustalf (Rhodic Acrisol) developed on upper terrace while Typic Haplustalf (Haplic Luvisol) formed on lower terrace. For very humid areas, Typic Kandiudult (Haplic Nitisol with low base saturation) developed on mid-slope, while on flat area or terrace, Typic Kandiudalf (Haplic Nitisol with high base saturation) was formed. For soils derived from volcanic pyroclastic under humid condition, Alic Hapludand (Haplic Andosol) developed on mid-slope while Ultic Hapludand (Haplic Andosol) developed on foot-slope.
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Mohammad NURCHOLIS, Yoshihiro TOKASHIKI, Kazuhiro OYA, Moritaka SHIMO, ...
Article type: Article
1997 Volume 41 Issue 2 Pages
89-98
Published: December 31, 1997
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This study was aimed to investigate the alterations of pH and exchangeable Al on the liming in the acidic soils developed in Okinawa and Java Islands. Eleven surface and subserface soil samples were collected. Modification of pH was accomplished by incubating soils for three weeks with CaCO_3 at the expected pH of 5.0, 5.5, 6.0, 6.5, and 7.0. Exchangeable Al was extracted by 1 MKCl, and the pH of soil in water and 1 M KCl (1:2.5) was measured. Okinawa soils were characterized with variable in clay content (which almost lower than Java soils), predominant illite and halloysite clay minerals, relative low in exchangeable Al and in buffering capacity. The Java soils were two types of (i) Java I soil with predominant clay mineral of 2:1-2:1:1 intergrade mineral (with smectite as 2:1 type mineral) and high content of exchangeable Al, and (ii) Java II soils with predominant clay mineral of kaolinite and relatively low content of exchangeable Al. The first soil required larger amount of lime to correst the pH and to depress the exchangeable Al than the second. Reflecting their clay content, dominant clay mineralogy, and content of exchangeable Al, it is concluded that the content of exchangeable Al and the buffering capacity upon the lime application of the studied acid soils is in order: Okinawa soils <Java II soils <Java I soil.
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Kaori MOMOHARA, Shizuo NAGATSUKA
Article type: Article
1997 Volume 41 Issue 2 Pages
99-108
Published: December 31, 1997
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Micromorphological characteristics of Yellow-Brown Forest Soils and Red-Yellow Soils, both of which developed on granitic parent materials in South-West Japan, were compared. No clay coatings were recognized in the thin sections of Typical Yellow-Brown Forest Soils, indicating that clay translocation has not occurred in these soils. While Illuvial Paddy Soil derived from Yellow-Brown Forest Soil has clay coatings in the B-horizon, the formation of the clay coatings may be associated with water saturation during some period of years. Typical Red-Yellow Soils have clear illuviation clay coatings which are especially evident in the lower part of B-horizon and BC-horizon. In the upper part of B-horizon, the clay coatings were destroyed by soil turbation and as a result b-fabric was developed.
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Xiaomao XIE, Syuntaro HIRADATE, Katsuhiro INOUE
Article type: Article
1997 Volume 41 Issue 2 Pages
109-122
Published: December 31, 1997
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The Ukamikamagoke peaty section is interstratified with several different layers of tephra, white clay deposits and iron deposits. High amounts of fine-grained inorganic components in the peaty section indicate additions of eolian materials into this peaty area. Coarse fractions were found in the layers of pumice, white clay deposits and iron deposits, suggesting the influence of local materials too. Pedogenesis of this peaty area was mainly influenced by materials from two origins, tephra and long-range eolian dust. The presence of allophane and ferrihydrite in the section indicated the influence of tephra. The influence of long-rang eolian dust, on the other hand, is evidenced by the presence of clay-sized crystalline minerals, particularly smectite, mica, kaolinite and silt-sized quartz. The section also had thick layers of pyrophylliteenriched white clay and iron deposits which might have probably formed from alluvial deposits about 13,000 years ago according to ^<14>C dating of plant residues. The ^<14>C dating of plant residues gave an older age than that of humic acid did, suggesting that humic acid is not suitable for ^<14>C dating in this peaty area. The upper part of the section was dominated by diatoms and ferrihydrite, and the lower part by allophane. The section also contained large amount of goethite. Humic acid in the peaty section belonged to the Rp type. The Rp type humic acid in the strongly acidic environment showed very low ability to inhibit the formation of allophane and the crystallization of iron oxides.
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Hisao FURUKAWA
Article type: Article
1997 Volume 41 Issue 2 Pages
123-131
Published: December 31, 1997
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Yoshitake KATO, Makoto YOKOHARI, Shori YAMAMOTO
Article type: Article
1997 Volume 41 Issue 2 Pages
132-138
Published: December 31, 1997
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Renzo KONDO
Article type: Article
1997 Volume 41 Issue 2 Pages
139-148
Published: December 31, 1997
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Naomichi MIYAJI, Takashi KUSABA, Kazunori KOHYAMA, Tatsuaki KASUBUCHI, ...
Article type: Article
1997 Volume 41 Issue 2 Pages
149-156
Published: December 31, 1997
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Mitsuru TOMA
Article type: Article
1997 Volume 41 Issue 2 Pages
157-158
Published: December 31, 1997
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Article type: Appendix
1997 Volume 41 Issue 2 Pages
160-
Published: December 31, 1997
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Article type: Appendix
1997 Volume 41 Issue 2 Pages
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Published: December 31, 1997
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Article type: Appendix
1997 Volume 41 Issue 2 Pages
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Article type: Appendix
1997 Volume 41 Issue 2 Pages
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Published: December 31, 1997
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Article type: Cover
1997 Volume 41 Issue 2 Pages
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Published: December 31, 1997
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Article type: Cover
1997 Volume 41 Issue 2 Pages
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Published: December 31, 1997
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